硼烷分子中化学键性质的研究I.乙硼烷分子中的四中心键

采用Dunning基的从头计算量子化学方法阐明,在乙硼烷中两个氢桥三中心键已因σ-共轭效应而融合成一个四中心键.对此四中心键可用整体的总键强参数以及其组成部分B-B和B-Hb-B的总键强参数,比较全面地表示其强度方面的特征.进而指明其质子磁共振谱以及热化学的实验数据都支持这一理论论断.     

硼烷分子中化学键性质的研究——Ⅰ.乙硼烷分子中的四中心键

采用Dunning基的从头计算量子化学方法阐明,在乙硼烷中两个氢桥三中心键已因σ-共轭效应而融合成一个四中心键。对此四中心键可用整体的总键强参数以及其组成部分B—B和B—H_b—B的总键强参数,比较全面地表示其强度方面的特征。进而指明,其质子磁共振谱以及热化学的实验数据都支持这一理论论断。     

有机锂化合物中化学键的性质——-反式1,2-二锂代乙烷、1,2-二锂代乙烯和1,2-二锂代乙炔分子中化学键的abinitio研究

用从头计算法计算了电荷密度图和各价分子轨道的键强参数.结果表明,三个标题化合物的稳定构型都存在双桥式四中心键.追其原因是:这种构型有利于Li的2p轨道的吸电子效应,这种效应可使C—Li键增强.此外,也发现这三个化合物中C—C键的强度大于C=C键,而后者又比C≡C键为强.本文亦讨论了这种“反常”的原因.     

有机锂化合物中化学键的性质——-反式1,2-二锂代乙烷、1,2-二锂代乙烯和1,2-二锂代乙炔分子中化学键的abinitio研究

用从头计算法计算了电荷密度图和各从是分子轨道的键强参数.结果表明,三个标题化合物的稳定构型都存在双桥式四中心键.追其原因是:这种构型有利于Li的2p轨道的吸电子效应,这种效应可使C-Li键增强.此外,也发现这三个化合物中C-C键的强度大于C=C键,而后者又比C=C键为强,本文亦讨论了这种"反常"的原因.     

硼烷分子中化学键性质的研究 Ⅱ. B3H7中四中心键及B3H9中三个隔离的氢桥三中心键

用Dunning基进行从头计算的结果表明:在B_3H_7(1103)中氢桥三中心键与BBB三中心键间已用σ-共轭效应”融合”为一个四中心键,其特征为f_(B(1)-B(2))=0.1653,f_(B(2)-B(3))=0.1429,f_(B-H_b-B)=0.3416,f_(4center)=0.7193hartree/bohr.但在B_3H_9中三个氢桥三中心键间不相互作用,保持相互独立,其特性为f_(B-B)=0.0558,f_(B-H_b-B)=0.3922,f_(H_b3cen)=0.5115hartree/bohr.     

硼烷分子中化学键性质的研究 Ⅱ. B3H7中四中心键及B3H9中三个隔离的氢桥三中心键

用Dunning基进行从头计算的结果表明: 在B3H7(1103)中氢桥三中心键与BBB三中心键间已用σ-共轭效应"融合"为一个四中心键, 其特征为fB(1)-B(2)=0.1653, fB(2)-B(3)=0.1429, fB-Hb-B=0.3416, f4center=0.7193hartree/bohr。但在H3H9中三个氢桥三中心键间不相互作用, 保持相互独立, 其特性为fB-B=0.0558, fB-Hb-B=0.3922, fHb3cen.=0.5115hartree/bohr。     

原子簇化合物的结构规则与化学键性质

本文从形成双中心键,三中心键和四中心键时,成键与相应的反键之间数目关系的三个基本假定出发,推导出封闭型、巢型和网型硼烷的Wade规则及其分子中双中心键、三中心键和四中心键的具体数目。进而将Wade规则推广,使之适用于包括具有戴帽结构的杂硼烷和推广到用B原子稠合成的稠合型硼烷。最后用于讨论过渡金属羰基化合物和具有密堆积型过渡金属羰基化合物的结构规则。     

宝塔烷电子结构与张力的ab initio研究

利用MNDO程序优化出宝塔烷、宝塔烷双正离子及宝塔二烯的构型参数。从头算的电荷分布及分子轨道均表明: 宝塔烷与其价键异构体宝塔二烯性质相近。双正离子的中间四个碳原子则形成了一种与环丁烷双正离子类似的四中心双电子大π键。张力研究表明, 宝塔烷的键张力要比不能稳定存在的小螺桨烷小得多, 说明了宝塔烷骨架的刚性及稳定性。     

HF对乙烯加成反应的ab initio分子轨道理论研究

用ab initio分子轨道理论研究和确定HF对乙烯分子型加成反应的可能途径.考虑了二种可能的反应机制.其一为经过一个四中心过渡态,顺式加成途径.另一为经过一个垂直过渡态(HF 分子轴垂直于 C=C 双键并在其中点上方).得到了二维反应位能面并计算了活化能.计算结果表明,第一种机制(经过四中心过渡态)是可能的反应途径,计算的     

He-LiH体系分子间相互作用能的理论研究

用全电子四级MPPT方法研究了He-LiH在冻结LiH键长情况下的势能面.势能面上存在两个极小值,第1极小值对应于R_m=0.227nm,V_m=-172.75cm~1的线型结构(He-LiH),第2极小值对应于R_m=0.535nmn,V_m=-8.47cm~1的线型结构(He-HLi),势能面表现出强的各向异性.势能的主要部分是诱导能,其原因是LiH分子有较大的电偶极矩和电四极矩.利用这些离散点拟合了一个包含31个参数的解析势能函数,还考察了LiH键长变化对势能的影响.     

Real-space indicators for chemical bonding. Experimental and theoretical electron density studies of four deltahedral boranes

In an approach combining high-resolution X-ray diffraction at low temperatures with density functional theory calculations, two closo-borates, B(12)H(12)(2-) (1) and B(10)H(10)(2-) (2), and two arachno-boranes, B(10)H(12)L(2) [L = amine (3) or acetonitrile (4)], were analyzed by means of the atoms-in-molecules (AIM) theory and electron localizability indicator (ELI-D). The two-electron three-center (2e3c) bonds of the borane cages are investigated with the focus on real-space indicators for chemical bonding and electron delocalization. In compound 2, only two of the three expected bond critical points (bcp's) are found. However, a weakly populated ELI-D basin is found for this pair of adjacent B atoms and the delocalization index and the Source contributions are on the same order of magnitude as those for the other pairs. The opposite situation is found in the arachno-boranes, where no ELI-D basins are found for two types of B-B pairs, which, in turn, exhibit a bcp. However, again the delocalization index is on the same order of magnitude for this bonding interaction. The results show that an unambiguous real-space criterion for chemical bonding is not given yet for this class of compounds. The arachno-boranes carry a special B-B bond, which is the edge of the crown-shaped molecule. This bond is very long and extremely curved inward the B-B-B ring. Nevertheless, the corresponding bond ellipticity is quite small and the ELI-D value at the attractor position of the disynaptic valence basin is remarkably larger than those for all other B-B valence basins. Furthermore, the value of the ED is large in relation to the B-B bond length, so that only this bond type does not follow a linear relationship of the ED value at the bcp versus B-B bond distances, which is found for all other B-B bcp's. The results indicate that both 2e2c and 2e3c bonding play a distinct role in borane chemistry.     

Theoretical analysis of the electronic structure and bonding stability of the TCNE dimer dianion (TCNE) 2 2-

The (TCNE)(2)(2)(-) dimer dianion formed by connecting two TCNE(-) anions via a four-center, two-electron pi-orbital bond is studied using ab initio theoretical methods and a model designed to simulate the stabilization due to surrounding counterions. (TCNE)(2)(2)(-) is examined as an isolated species and in a solvation environment representative of tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent. The intrinsic strength of this novel bond and the influences of internal Coulomb repulsions, of solvent stabilization and screening, and of counterion stabilization are all considered. The geometry, electronic and thermodynamic stabilities, electronic absorption spectra, and electron detachment energies of this novel dianion are examined to help understand recent experimental findings. Our findings lead us to conclude that the (TCNE)(2)(2)(-) dianion's observation in solid materials is likely a result of its stabilization by surrounding countercations. Moreover, our results suggest the dianion is geometrically metastable in THF solution, with a barrier to dissociation into two TCNE(-) anions that can be quickly surmounted at room temperature but not at 77 K. This finding is consistent with what is observed in laboratory studies of low- and room-temperature solutions of salts containing this dianion. Finally, we assign two peaks observed (at 77 K in methyl-THF glass) in the UV-vis region to (1) electronic transitions involving the four-center orbitals and (2) detachment of an electron from the four-center pi-bonding orbital to generate (TCNE)(2)(-) + e(-).     

B2(BO)2(2-)-diboronyl diborene: a linear molecule with a triple boron-boron bond

We have produced and investigated an unique boron oxide cluster, B4O2(-), using photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. Relatively simple and highly vibrationally resolved PES spectra were obtained at two photon energies (355 and 193 nm). The electron affinity of neutral B4O2 was measured to be 3.160 +/- 0.015 eV. Two excited states were observed for B4O2 at excitation energies of 0.48 and 0.83 eV above the ground state. Three vibrational modes were resolved in the 355 nm spectrum for the ground state of B4O2 with frequencies of 350 +/- 40, 1530 +/- 30, and 2040 +/- 30 cm(-1). Ab initio calculations showed that neutral B4O2 (D(infinity h), 3sigma(g)-) and anionic B4O2(-) (D(infinity h), 2pi(u)) both possess highly stable linear structures (O[triple bond]B-B=B-B[triple bond]O), which can be viewed as a B2 dimer bonded to two terminal boronyl groups. The lowest nonlinear structures are at least 1.5 eV higher in energy. The calculated electron detachment energies from the linear B4O2- and the vibrational frequencies agree well with the experimental results. The three observed vibrational modes are due to the B-B, B=B, and B[triple bond]O symmetric stretching vibrations, respectively, in the linear B2(BO)2. Chemical bonding analyses revealed that the HOMO of B2(BO)2, which is half-filled, is a bonding pi orbital in the central B2 unit. Thus, adding two electrons to B2(BO)2 leads to a B[triple bond]B triple bond in [O[triple bond]B-B[triple bond]B-B[triple bond]O]2-. Possibilities for stabilizing B2(BO)2(2-) in the form of B2(BO)2Li2 are considered computationally and compared with other valent isoelectronic, triple bonded species, B2H2Li2, B2H2(2-), and C2H2. The high stability of B2(BO)2(2-) suggests that it may exist as a viable building block in the condensed phase.     

Palladium-NHC complexes do catalyse the diboration of alkenes: mechanistic insights

Novel catalytic activation of the B-B bond by palladium(II)-NHC complexes in presence of a mild base (NaOAc) and an excess of diboron reagent enables chemoselective 1,2-diboration of alkenes, suggesting the heterolytic cleavage of diboron rather than oxidative addition of a B-B bond to the metal.     

The global phase behavior of the two-component systems with intracomponent association: Flory approach

Within the Flory approach we study the phase diagrams of two-component fluids, the molecules of each component A(f(A)), B(f(B)) bearing f(A) (f(B)) functional groups capable of forming thermoreversible A-A and B-B bonds. We develop a general procedure to classify these diagrams depending on the values of four governing parameters -- entropies and normalized energies of A-A and B-B bonds, and give full topological classification of phase diagrams with f(A,B)> or =3. We show that these phase diagrams can have immiscibility loops and up to four critical points.     

Boron-boron σ-bond formation by two-electron reduction of a H-bridged dimer of monoborane

Diborane(6) as a H-bridged dimer of monoborane can be converted cleanly by two-electron reduction into diborane(6) dianion, which is isoelectronic with ethane, through B-B σ-bond formation when each boron atom has a bulky ligand on it. The existence of the B-B σ bond is supported by the X-ray molecular structure [B-B bond length of 1.924(3) ?], NMR studies, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and DFT calculations. Stepwise hydride abstraction reactions of the diborane(6) dianion produce the corresponding H-bridged diborane(5) anion and doubly H-bridged diborane(4) without B-B bond scission.     

Theoretical Study of the Thermal Decomposition of Chlorofluoromethanol (CHClFOH)

Introduction Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) have been widely used as replacements of chlorofluorcarbons (CFCs). The insertion of O (1D) into the CH bond of HCFC forms the activated alcohol. It has been shown that these hot alcohols play an important role in the degradation mechanism of atmospheric compounds1.Chlorofluoromethanol (CHClFOH) appears in the reaction of O (1D) with CH2ClF (HCFC-31)2. Neither experimental nor theoretical study of this species was available to date. U…     

Valence bond structures for the D2h isomer of N2O4 and some isomers of S3O2 and S3O

The construction of valence bond structures of the increased-valence type is re-described for the D2h isomer of N2O4 and applied to obtain the corresponding valence bond structures for isomers of S3O2 and S3O, each of which has at least one six-electron four-center bonding unit. It is discussed how the S-O and S-S bond properties that are associated with the S3O2 and S3O increased-valence structures are in qualitative accord with the calculated bond lengths. The qualitative six-electron four-center molecular orbital theory for the symmetrical O-S-S-O component of each S3O2 isomer is related to the increased-valence structure for the six electrons. An increased-valence structure for the lowest-energy S3O2 isomer is equivalent to a restricted form of resonance between 16 Lewis-type valence bond structures. The two types of S-S bond length are used to provide empirical estimates of the weights for these Lewis structures and are compared with those obtained from the results of STO-6G valence bond calculations for the 3Sigma- ground state of SO.     

B24N24团簇的结构与稳定性

采用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-31G^*水平下,对B₂₄N₂₄笼状团簇的12种异构体进行了优化,并对它们的几何构型、化学键性质、振动光谱和稳定性进行了探讨.研究表明:具有S₈对称的含有2个八元环、8个四元环和16个六元环的结构h是B₂₄N₂₄笼状团簇最稳定的异构体,只存在B-N键,而无N-N和B-B键.含有五元环结构的稳定性最低.B-B和N-N键对的数目越多,结构的稳定性越低.12种异构体的稳定性顺序为h＞a＞b＞I＞g＞l＞c＞k＞j＞d＞e＞f.