A singular integral equation with the Cauchy kernel on a closed interval in a class of distributions

In the present paper, we introduce the notion of a singular integral with the Cauchy kernel for distributions and consider a singular integral equation with the Cauchy kernel on a closed interval for the case in which the right-hand side is a distribution that admits a representation in the form of the sum of a distribution vanishing in neighborhoods of the endpoints and an ordinary function satisfying the Hölder condition. The solution is also sought in the form of a distribution. Distributions are treated as linear functionals on some test functions. We analyze the solvability of the equation in the class of distributions and obtain explicit formulas for the inversion of this equation, similar to formulas for ordinary solutions. To analyze the solvability of the singular integral equation, we use an approach based on the consideration of the Riemann boundary value problem for analytic functions with a generalized boundary condition. When stating and studying this problem, we use the results in [1, 2].Translated from Differentsialnye Uravneniya, Vol. 40, No. 9, 2004, pp. 1208–1218.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Setukha.     

A new approach to the convolution operator on a finite interval

The convolution operator on a finite interval defined on a space ofL ₂ functions is studied by relating it to a singular integral operator acting on a space of functions defined on a system of two parallel straight lines in the complex plane . The approach followed in the paper applies both to the case where the Fourier transform of the kernel functions is anL function and to the case where the kernel function is periodic, thus yielding a unified treatment of these two classes of kernel functions. In the non-periodic case it is possible, for a special class of kernel functions, to study the invertibility property of the operator giving an explicit formula for the inverse. An example is presented and generalizations are suggested.     

Exact solutions of some systems of fractional differential‐difference equations

In this paper, the ‐expansion method is proposed to establish hyperbolic and trigonometric function solutions for fractional differential‐difference equations with the modified Riemann–Liouville derivative. The fractional complex transform is proposed to convert a fractional partial differential‐difference equation into its differential‐difference equation of integer order. We obtain the hyperbolic and periodic function solutions of the nonlinear time‐fractional Toda lattice equations and relativistic Toda lattice system. The proposed method is more effective and powerful for obtaining exact solutions for nonlinear fractional differential–difference equations and systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The self-similar solutions of the Tricomi-type equations

This paper analyses the properties of the family of self-similar solutions of the generalized Tricomi equation in the domain by considering initial conditions on the functions and their derivatives, posed as the Cauchy problem with homogeneous initial data. For specific values of the power k ( = 1/2 or = 3/2) and n = 1 this problem has applications in the aerodynamics of airfoils operating in transonic flows of perfect or dense gases, respectively. An integral transformation is suggested and used to represent the solutions of the Cauchy problem with homogeneous initial functions in terms of fundamental solutions of the classical wave equation (the case k = 0). Then the Cauchy problem with homogeneous initial functions for the wave equation in is solved. These results are used to derive estimates of the upper bound for solutions’ size and to obtain the asymptotics for self-similar solutions of the wave equation and of the Tricomi-type equation in the neighbourhood of their light cones.     

Second boundary-value problem in a half-strip for equation of parabolic type with the Bessel operator and Riemann–Liouvulle derivative

We investigate the second boundary-value problem in the half-strip for a parabolic equation with the Bessel operator and Riemann–Liouville partial derivative. In terms of the integral transformation with theWright function in the kernel, we find the representation of a solution in the case of zero edge condition. We prove the uniqueness of a solution in the class of functions satisfying an analog of the Tikhonov condition.     

The solvability and explicit solutions of two integral equations via generalized convolutions

This paper presents the necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of two integral equations of convolution type; the first equation generalizes from integral equations with the Gaussian kernel, and the second one contains the Toeplitz plus Hankel kernels. Furthermore, the paper shows that the normed rings on L¹(Rd) are constructed by using the obtained convolutions, and an arbitrary Hermite function and appropriate linear combination of those functions are the weight-function of four generalized convolutions associating F and . The open question about Hermitian weight-function of generalized convolution is posed at the end of the paper.     

On systems of linear functional equations of the second kind in <Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Subscript>2</Subscript>

We consider a general system of functional equations of the second kind in L ₂ with a continuous linear operator T satisfying the condition that zero lies in the limit spectrum of the adjoint operator T*. We show that this condition holds for the operators of a wide class containing, in particular, all integral operators. The system under study is reduced by means of a unitary transformation to an equivalent system of linear integral equations of the second kind in L ₂ with Carleman matrix kernel of a special kind. By a linear continuous invertible change, this system is reduced to an equivalent integral equation of the second kind in L ₂ with quasidegenerate Carleman kernel. It is possible to apply various approximate methods of solution for such an equation.     

Transformations of diffusion and Schrödinger processes

Summary A transformation by means of a new type of multiplicative functionals is given, which is a generalization of Doob's space-time harmonic transformation, in the case of arbitrary non-harmonic function (t, x) which may vanish on a subset of [a, b]x^d. The transformation induces an additional (singular) drift term /, like in the case of Doob's space-time harmonic transformation. To handle the transformation, an integral equation of singular perturbations and a diffusion equation with singular potentials are discussed and the Feynman-Kac theorem is established for a class of singular potentials. The transformation is applied to Schrödinger processes which are defined following an idea of E. Schrödinger (1931).To commemorate the centenary of E. Schrödinger's birth (1887–1961)     

Inverse Problem for an Integro-Differential Equation of Acoustics

We consider the hyperbolic integro-differential equation of acoustics. The direct problem is to determine the acoustic pressure created by a concentrated excitation source located at the boundary of a spatial domain from the initial boundary-value problem for this equation. For this direct problem, we study the inverse problem, which consists in determining the onedimensional kernel of the integral term from the known solution of the direct problem at the point x = 0 for t &gt; 0. This problem reduces to solving a system of integral equations in unknown functions. The latter is solved by using the principle of contraction mapping in the space of continuous functions. The local unique solvability of the posed problem is proved.     

The Bergman–Sce transform for slice monogenic functions

In a recent paper, we showed that the classical Bergman theory admits two possible formulations for the class of slice regular functions with quaternionic values. In the so called formulation of the first kind, we provide a Bergman kernel which is defined on and is a reproducing kernel. In the so called formulation of the second kind, we use the Representation Formula for slice regular functions to define a second Bergman kernel; this time the kernel is still defined on U, but the integral representation of f is based on an integral computed only on and the integral does not depend on , (here denotes the sphere unit of purely imaginary quaternions, and represents the complex plane with imaginary unit I). In this paper, we extend the second formulation of the Bergman theory to the case of slice monogenic functions and we focus our attention on the so‐called Bergman–Sce transform. This integral transform is defined by using the Bergman kernel and the Sce mapping theorem and associates to every slice monogenic function f, an axially monogenic function . Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Bitangential Inverse Input Impedance Problem for Canonical Systems, II: Formulas and Examples

This paper continues the study of the bitangential inverse input impedance problem for canonical integral systems that was initiated in [ArD6]. The problem is to recover the system, given an input impedance matrix valued function c() (that belongs to the Carathéodory class of p × p matrix valued functions that are holomorphic and have positive real part in the open upper half plane) and a chain of pairs of entire inner p × p matrix valued functions (that are identified with the associated pairs of the second kind of the matrizant of the system). Formulas for recovering the underlying canonical integral systems are derived by reproducing kernel Hilbert space methods. A number of examples are presented. Special attention is paid to the case when c() is of Wiener class and also when it is both of Wiener class and rational.     

New Solutions to the Ultradiscrete Soliton Equations

New solutions to the ultradiscrete soliton equations, such as the Box–Ball system, the Toda equation, etc. are obtained. One of the new solutions which we call a "negative-soliton" satisfies the ultradiscrete KdV equation (Box–Ball system) but there is not a corresponding traveling wave solution for the discrete KdV equation. The other one which we call a "static-soliton" satisfies the ultradiscrete Toda equation but there is not a corresponding traveling wave solution for the discrete Toda equation. A collision of a soliton with a negative-soliton generates many balls in a box over the capacity of the box in the Box–Ball system, while a collision of a soliton with the static-soliton describes, in the ultradiscrete limit, transmission of a soliton through junctions of a "nonuniform Toda equation." We have obtained exact solutions describing these phenomena.     

Dual equations of convolution type with kernels from different Banach algebras

We study dual integral equations of convolution type with kernels generated by functions from different Banach algebras of the type L₁(-, ) with weights, and defined by an operator equation. We establish theorems on solvability and Fredholmness, representations of solutions and of the resolvent kernel, and formulas for calculating the characteristic and the index of the corresponding operator.Translated from Ukrainskii Matematicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 803–813, June, 1991.     

Maharam-type kernel representation for operators with a trigonometric domination

Consider a linear and continuous operator T between Banach function spaces. We prove that under certain requirements an integral inequality for T is equivalent to a factorization of T through a specific kernel operator: in other words, the operator T has what we call a Maharam-type kernel representation. In the case that the inequality provides a domination involving trigonometric functions, a special factorization through the Fourier operator is given. We apply this result to study the problem that motivates the paper: the approximation of functions in \(L^{2}[0,1]\) by means of trigonometric series whose Fourier coefficients are given by weighted trigonometric integrals.     

The exact solution of a linear integral equation with weakly singular kernel

A space , which is proved to be a reproducing kernel space with simple reproducing kernel, is defined. The expression of its reproducing kernel function is given. Subsequently, a class of linear Volterra integral equation (VIE) with weakly singular kernel is discussed in the new reproducing kernel space. The reproducing kernel method of linear operator equation Au=f, which request the image space of operator A is and operator A is bounded, is improved. Namely, the request for the image space is weakened to be L²[a,b], and the boundedness of operator A is also not required. As a result, the exact solution of the equation is obtained. The numerical experiments show the efficiency of our method.     

The Remainder Term for Analytic Functions of Symmetric Gaussian Quadratures

For analytic functions the remainder term of Gaussian quadrature rules can be expressed as a contour integral with kernel . In this paper the kernel is studied on elliptic contours for a great variety of symmetric weight functions including especially Gegenbauer weight functions. First a new series representation of the kernel is developed and analyzed. Then the location of the maximum modulus of the kernel on suitable ellipses is determined. Depending on the weight function the maximum modulus is attained at the intersection point of the ellipse with either the real or imaginary axis. Finally, a detailed discussion for some special weight functions is given.

     

On a symptotic methods for Fredholm–Volterra integral equation of the second kind in contact problems

A method is used to obtain the general solution of Fredholm–Volterra integral equation of the second kind in the space $\text{L}{}_2\text{(Ω)×C(0,T),}\text{0⩽t⩽T<∞;Ω}$ is the domain of integrations.The kernel of the Fredholm integral term belong to $\text{C([Ω]×[Ω])}$ and has a singular term and a smooth term. The kernel of Volterra integral term is a positive continuous in the class C(0,T), while $\text{Ω}$ is the domain of integration with respect to the Fredholm integral term.Besides the separation method, the method of orthogonal polynomials has been used to obtain the solution of the Fredholm integral equation. The principal (singular) part of the kernel which corresponds to the selected domain of parameter variation is isolated. The unknown and known functions are expanded in a Chebyshev polynomial and an infinite algebraic system is obtained.     

Modeling of Structures in the Mechanics of Composites

One possible general statement of a quasi-static problem in the mechanics of composites is considered. It is assumed that a composite is characterized not only by the heterogeneity of a regular structure, but also by the presence of imperfections, impurities, cracks, and the roughness of surfaces, which are partly taken into account by introducing appropriate couple stresses. Two statements, in displacements and in stresses, are considered together with the statement of the same problems in the case where the constitutive relations are linear integral operators. The boundary-value problem remains nonlinear due to the nonlinearity of a scattering function which enters into the heat equation. The theory of effective moduli for a nonpolar medium is discussed in more detail. The equilibrium equations for a homogeneous medium with reduced characteristics and the equation of heat inflow, introduced in nonlinear (in an explicit form) and linear variants, are examined. For a simple laminated composite, all effective mechanical and thermophysical characteristics are found in an explicit form. The effective material functions for a transversely isotropic medium are constructed on the basis of a unique dimensionless relaxation kernel with the use of several Il'ushin kernels. Based on the known solution of the boundary-value problem for the reduced medium, the stress and strain concentration tensors, at any point of a simple laminated composite, are also constructed in an explicit form. In this case, the changes in the structure are taken into account.     

Generalized wave polynomials and transmutations related to perturbed Bessel equations

The transmutation (transformation) operator associated with the perturbed Bessel equation is considered. It is shown that its integral kernel can be uniformly approximated by linear combinations of constructed here generalized wave polynomials, solutions of a singular hyperbolic partial differential equation arising in relation with the transmutation kernel. As a corollary of this result an approximation of the regular solution of the perturbed Bessel equation is proposed with corresponding estimates independent of the spectral parameter.