多路噪声测量系统的研制

本描述了多路噪声测量系统的建立,该系统是一以微机为中心的数字化系统,可实现对４路稳态宽带噪声的测量,测量参数是线性声压级和倍频带声压级。系统由微机、ＴＭＳ３２０Ｃ３０板、多路ＡＤ板、传感器、放大器等设备构成硬件系统,并通过编制Ｃ３０板嵌入式软件和微机主控程序实现系统功能。在软件编制中结合数字信号处理技术,并结合硬件特性优化程序设计,本系统测量方法简易,快捷和精度高,在噪声测量领域具有较高实用价值     

数字正交检测与过采样技术的结合

详细讨论了数字正交检测与过采样技术的结合问题.结果表明,通过同时改变采样频率和射频激发与参考的频率差,采集到的NMR数据经过一次数字滤波即可完成数字正交检测和过采样的数据处理过程.从而使得总的数据处理过程能够在大多数情况下在等待磁化矢量恢复的时间内完成.     

直接辐射式扬声器系统的低频效率计算公式*

效率是扬声器系统的重要性能指标,然而常用的标称效率在低频范围并不适用。本文研究直接辐射式扬声器系统的低频效率,推导了基于TS参数的低频效率计算公式。针对封闭式扬声器系统和倒相式扬声器系统,开展实验验证,结果表明本文提出的计算公式得到的低频效率与实验测量得到的低频效率较为相符。进一步对比分析低频效率和标称效率,结果表明低频效率能够适用于低频,能准确地展示扬声器系统参数对效率的影响。利用本文提出的计算公式,有助于进一步优化提升扬声器系统的低频效率。     

超导磁通量子比特低频磁通噪声的测量

在极低温下,我们对基于Nb／AlOx／Nb约瑟夫森结构成的超导磁通量子比特进行了测量,从粒子在双势阱的分布率和磁通的关系曲线中,分析得到了低频磁通噪声强度SФ（1Hz）．进一步我们测量了在不同温度下的SФ（1Hz）,结果表明在49．4mK到400mK温度区间,SФ（1Hz）随温度呈平方关系增长．     

面阵CCD信号采集系统的噪声抑制

分析了CCD输出噪声及其一般抑制方法,提出了一种基于面阵CCD信号采集系统的噪声抑制方法。设计了CCD信号采集系统的噪声抑制电路和处理电路,应用于CCD442A型面阵CCD;并使用积分球对采集系统进行辐射定标,计算得到系统的信噪比。仿真和辐射定标实验表明,该面阵CCD信号采集系统具有相关双采样和暗电平校正功能,抑制了CCD输出信号的复位噪声和暗电流噪声;在中等照度条件下,系统信噪比达到40dB。     

Varian系统所有通道上的整形脉冲

本文介绍了Varian系统所有通道上的整形脉冲;整形脉冲的形状;波形发生器的功率适中的脉冲整形以及应用"Tophat"的选择激发;整形脉冲与选择性反转;选择性反转或宽带反转,整形脉冲的宽带激发;以及多频率激发的移层式脉冲等.     

改进的5.1通路环绕声三扬声器虚拟重发系统

提出一种改进的5．1通路环绕声的三扬声器虚拟重发系统。本文首先指出,现有的两扬声器虚拟重发存在听音区域窄、声像稳定性差等缺陷。通过理论分析和心理声实验证明,采用一对布置在前方±30°的全频带扬声器和一个前方0°的高频中置扬声器组成5．1通路环绕声虚拟重发系统,不但可提高重发声像的稳定性,且扬声器布置实际可行,信号处理相对简单。因此所提出的虚拟系统及其扬声器布置是适合于电视和多媒体计算机的应用。     

数字全息技术中散斑噪声滤波算法比较

 在数字全息测量记录过程中,其所记录的全息图易受到散斑噪声的污染造成分辨率下降,同时也严重影响数字全息再现的效果,因此研究适用于数字全息技术中散斑滤波的算法具有重要的实用价值。介绍了中值滤波、Lee滤波、Kuan滤波和SUSAN滤波这四种常用的散斑滤波算法,并将它们运用于数字全息实验所记录图像和数字再现图像的散斑噪声滤波处理中,然后对这四种算法的处理结果进行评价。结果表明,在数字全息技术中使用SUSAN滤波算法进行处理,既明显抑制了散斑噪声,又有效保证了再现图像信息的完整性。     

双量子点电荷比特的散粒噪声谱

考虑基底声子热库的耗散效应,推导了双量子点电荷比特的主方程,并利用全计数统计方法计算了双量子点电荷比特的平均电流和Fano因子.结果表明:声子热库的耗散引起平均电流关于其峰值的非对称分布和Fano因子双峰的非对称分布,并且随着声子热库温度T的升高,平均电流的非对称分布越强,Fano因子的峰值逐渐降低,直至超泊松分布行为消失.     

核磁共振谱仪数字接收机的原理与实现

核磁共振波谱仪射频系统数字化是现代核磁谱仪的发展方向,用数字检波技术代替模拟正交检波是数字接收机的一项新技术.本文在分析模拟正交检波原理与不足的基础上,介绍了数字正交检波、过采样和采用中频直接采样的原理,及在400MHz核磁谱仪上的实现方案.     

扬声器的优化设计

基于有限元法发展了扬声器的计算机辅助设计，由此分析了扬声器的振动特征，讨论了各参数对扬声器振动及声辐射的影响，最后地其声压频响的优化措施作了探讨。     

Sound radiation of panel-form loudspeaker using flat voice coil for excitation

A novel panel-form loudspeaker in which the panel of the speaker is excited by the forces generated through the flat voice coil of a rectangular electro-magnetic type exciter for sound radiation is presented. The exciter when properly designed has the advantage of exerting appropriate loads to the panel so that the major sound pressure level (SPL) dips of the speaker can be suppressed or even eliminated. For designing such panel-form speaker, a method formulated on the basis of the classical plate theory (CPT), Ritz method, and first Rayleigh integral is proposed for predicting the SPL curve of the speaker. An experimental investigation was performed to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The effects of some system parameters on the major SPL dips of the proposed panel-form speakers are investigated by means of several numerical examples. The optimal locations of flat voice coils for exciting several panel-form speakers are determined to illustrate the important role of excitation location for enhancing sound quality of such speakers via the removal or suppression of the major SPL dips.     

Performances and design of ironless loudspeaker motor structures

This paper presents several kinds of structures of ironless loudspeaker motors. The proposed devices go from simple structures, in terms of manufacturing process, to structures in which the magnet rings can be stacked, with different magnetization directions or values. The structures are studied and compared according to their created induction level and uniformity across the coil displacement range, which are directly linked to the loudspeaker performances (force factor). The model used is the coulombian model of magnets to calculate the magnetic field created, therefore all the calculations are analytical. The paper shows that no structure is universal when it comes to the loudspeaker design: some are well adapted to micro displacements of the coil while other structures are adapted to large displacements.     

Resonance identification in loudspeaker driver units: A comparison of techniques

A number of techniques with the scope of identifying loudspeaker cone resonances have been examined. Namely, the waterfall plot, the wavelet transform and the empirical mode decomposition scheme were compared on the basis of time-frequency resolution and damping estimation. The commonly used waterfall plot is only acceptable at the upper range of the acoustic spectrum. The wavelet transform is especially well suited for the analysis of transient signals from loudspeakers and is a significant improvement over the waterfall method. The newly developed EMD scheme has the highest potential in separating the modal components. By application of the EMD both instantaneous amplitude and frequency can be accurately determined.     

扬声器中涡流的热效应

通过分析和比较两种扬声器涡流电学模型和两种扬声器热模型，提出一种分频段的非线性热模型类比线路，给出了对应的音圈稳态温度公式，并在高频段运用逐点测温的方法研究，论证了扬声器涡流随频率变化的规律及其对扬声器热效应的影响。     

优化扬声器阵列的指向性与声功率级

提出了同时优化扬声器阵列的指向性和声功率级的方法。运用该方法可以优化扬声器阵列的输入电压分布,获得指向性和声功率级二者兼顾的扬声器阵列。本方法不必使用复杂的与频率相关的信号处理装置。模拟结果和实验测量结果表明该方法是可行的和有效的。     

An analytical model for a dodecahedron loudspeaker applied to the design of omni-directional loudspeaker arrays

The dodecahedron (12 sided) loudspeaker is used extensively for acoustic measurements as an approximation to an omni-directional sound source, for example in building acoustics and automotive applications. In many instances its use is favoured above other omni-directional source approximations e.g. open pipe because of its greater power. However, analysis by other authors has shown that the radiation deviates from omni-directional above a certain frequency. In this paper an analytical model of the sound pressure field generated by a dodecahedron loudspeaker is constructed. The sound pressure field generated by the model is then compared with measured data and good agreement is demonstrated. Having established and validated the model, it is adapted to form alternative spherical loudspeaker arrays based on Platonic and Archimedean solid geometry and also a number of spherical packing routines. The aim of the analysis is to determine the optimal geometry for an omni-directional source using pistonic loudspeakers.The analysis shows that constructive interference of the pressure field across the spherical baffle surface and not individual loudspeaker pistonic radiation characteristics is the most significant factor with respect to deviations from omni-directional radiation for a complete spherical array. Consequently, loudspeaker elements which physically occupy the spherical baffle surface to their maximum extent provide the most extended frequency range of omni-directional operation. The most optimal spherical array distribution is shown to be the dodecahedron.     

扬声器锥形振膜环反谐振频率的计算

本文在求解扬声器锥形振膜低频振动的基础上,得到了计算扬声器锥壳环反谐振频率的精确公式,并借助特征频率反比于质量平方根的物理概念,推出了适于工程应用的近似公式,其偏差在３％以内。     

Analytical solutions for axisymmetric vibration of loudspeaker cones in transitional range

The loudspeaker cone vibration in the transitional frequency range in which the governing equations have transition or turning points is studied by applying the uniformly valid solutions obtained in a previous paper. The solutions are presented analytically as well as the resonant and anti-resonant frequency equations, the associated patterns and the axial admittance. A new frequency equation for the non-bending effect is obtained. The results agree well with numerical results.