黑洞周围的运动层对霍金辐射探测的影响

本文论述了黑洞周围运动层对霍金辐射恒定速度的破坏，是后者至今仍无法探测到的重要原因。     

静态 dilaton 黑洞中带电磁荷粒子的隧穿效应

利用Parikh 和 Wilczek的隧穿模型,在Gibbons-Maeda dilaton 黑洞时空中,通过计算带有电荷和磁荷的粒子在事件视界上的隧穿概率,研究了该黑洞的Hawking辐射.在粒子的隧穿过程中,强调了时空的能量守恒和电磁荷守恒,考虑了隧穿粒子对背景时空的反作用.计算表明,在Gibbons-Maeda dilaton 黑洞时空中,带电磁荷的粒子通过事件视界的隧穿概率取决于粒子出射前后黑洞熵的变化.这表示,黑洞辐射过程中可以满足信息守恒和量子理论的幺正性. 关键词： 黑洞 霍金辐射 量子理论     

引力无穷的神秘黑洞

 “黑洞”是２０世纪最具神奇色彩的术语之一。形象而又多少带有恐怖色彩的字眼使人联想到了将要吞噬一切的巨兽之口。虽然黑洞最初仅仅是一种纯理论推理演绎的数学模型,但随着在宇宙观测中逐步得到证实,使人不得不承认黑洞的真实性。无论人类对黑洞的研究探索最终发展到何种地步,但至今为止,黑洞研究已极大地丰富了２０世纪物理学内容。经典的“黑洞”概念源于１７８３年,最初是英国的约翰·米歇尔（Ｊ．Ｍｉｃｈｅｌｌ）按照牛顿力学定律导出的一种极限模型。     

动态球对称Einstein-Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons黑洞的霍金辐射

用Hamilton-Jacobi方法研究了动态球对称Einstein-Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons 黑洞事件视界处的隧穿辐射特征及其黑洞事件视界处的温度. 其结果表明,黑洞温度及隧穿率与黑洞的固有性质及其动态特征有关. 这对于进一步研究动态黑洞的热力学性质及其相关问题是有意义的. 其方法的重要意义在于研究这类动态黑洞的霍金辐射时, 不仅适用于标量场隧穿辐射的情形, 同时也适用于研究旋量场、矢量场以及引力波的隧穿辐射. 关键词： Einstein-Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons黑洞 霍金隧穿辐射 Hamilton-Jacobi方程     

黑洞量子隧穿过程的时间

讨论了弯曲时空中黑洞量子隧穿的时间.在假定了黑洞量子隧穿是一个瞬时过程的情况下,通过利用WKB法得出了有静止质量粒子的量子隧穿辐射谱.该辐射谱表明对于在黑洞视界处有静止质量粒子的出射也满足量子力学中的幺正性原理,支持Parikh-Wilczek的结论.结果的合理性表明,在黑洞视界处的量子隧穿过程可以看成是一个瞬时过程.     

Hawking radiation from the with a global monopole via Schwarzschild black hole gravitational anomaly

This paper derives the Hawking flux from the Schwarzschild black hole with a global monopole by using Robinson and Wilczek＇s method. Adopting a dimensional reduction technique, it can describe the effective quantum field in the （3 ＋ 1）-dimensional global monopole background by an infinite collection of the （1 ＋ 1）-dimensional massless fields if neglecting the ingoing modes near the horizon, where the gravitational anomaly can be cancelled by the （1 ＋ 1）- dimensional black body radiation at the Hawking temperature.     

黑洞果真无毛吗

 黑洞是现代天文学中最诱人的发现之一,其含义极具魔力。它是宇宙中看不到的恒星,它起初被认为是封闭的世界,人们几乎无法探测它是无底深渊,几乎能吞噬一切所有近旁的物质,包括光子在内,当然我们就看不见这一天体了,剩下的乃是一个绝对“黑”的恒星了,因此称为黑洞。黑洞如此奇特,目前已成为许多神话作品和科幻小说的主题。广义相对论中通常将只有质量的黑洞称之为施瓦西黑洞将既具有质量又兼有电荷的黑洞称之为里斯纳-诺兹特隆黑洞将有质量且同时还在施转(即具有角动量)的黑洞称之为克尔黑洞将质量、电荷和角动量三个特征全有的黑洞称之为克尔-纽曼黑洞。     

黑洞趣闻

 人们常把“黑洞”、“白洞”、“空洞”称之为宇宙三怪.美国“哈勃”太空望远镜发回的NGC7457照片,使众多的天文学家为之鼓舞.因为围绕黑洞是否存在,人们已经苦苦追寻它将近200年了.由中国科技大学研究生院丁亦兵教授编译的《黑洞趣闻》系列文章,妙趣横生地叙述了人们是怎样探索黑洞这一当代科学“六大悬案”之一的奥秘的,希望有更多的学者、科普作家写出这类好文章.     

黑洞信息佯谬

黑洞信息佯谬作为理论物理领域最著名的问题之一,长期以来一直被认为是研究量子引力的重要途径。黑洞信息佯谬的一个核心问题是给出在黑洞蒸发过程中的佩奇曲线行为。近一年,对该问题的研究迎来了突破性进展。研究人员第一次在半经典引力框架下实现了对佩奇曲线的计算,表明黑洞在蒸发过程中信息可以被释放出来,不存在信息丢失问题。文章将按照历史发展的顺序,对黑洞信息佯谬这一重要问题以及最新进展进行介绍,包括霍金辐射、佩奇曲线、全息原理、广义熵、量子极端面和量子极端孤岛等重要内容。     

黑洞热力学、引力的全息性及时空呈展性

黑洞热力学揭示引力具有全息性质。这是过去十几年中人们对引力本质认识的重要进展。本文将介绍黑洞热力学,引力的全息性质及其在强耦合系统中的应用,以及热力学和时空动力学关系等方面在近些年的一些研究进展。     

Hawking radiation from a rotating acoustic black hole

Using the new global embedding approach and analytical continuation method of wave function we discuss Hawking radiation of acoustic black holes. Unruh–Hawking temperature of the acoustic black hole is derived. The corresponding relation between these methods calculating Hawking radiation of acoustic black hole is established. The calculation result shows that the contributions of chemical potential to the ingoing wave and the outgoing wave are the same.     

Generalized uncertainty principle and entropy of three-dimensional rotating acoustic black hole

Using the new equation of state density from the generalized uncertainty principle, we investigate statistics entropy of a 3-dimensional rotating acoustic black hole. When λ introduced in the generalized uncertainty principle takes a specific value, we obtain an area entropy and a correction term associated with the acoustic black hole. In this method, there does not exist any divergence and one needs not the small mass approximation in the original brick-wall model.     

Modal Overlap Factor of a beam with an acoustic black hole termination

An Acoustic Black Hole (ABH) effect is a passive vibration reduction technique which takes advantage of properties of wave propagation in thin structures of varying thickness. A practical implementation of ABH on a uniform beam consists in an extremity whose thickness follows a power-law profile covered by a very thin layer of additional damping material. A modal analysis based on a High Resolution technique shows that the ABH significantly increases the Modal Overlap Factor (MOF) of the beam, thus reducing the resonant behaviour of the structure. Further investigations, including a two-dimensional numerical model of the structure based on the finite difference method, show that this MOF can be explained by an increase of the modal density and a high damping of a number of modes of the structure due to the ABH.     

Kerr-Newman黑洞的熵修正

基于Majhi等人最近的工作,利用狄拉克方程,在半经典近似外讨论了Kerr-Newman黑洞的熵修正.在单位制G=c=kB=1下,由于普朗克常数与普朗克长度,普朗克质量和普朗克电荷的平方成正比,作用量的量子修正项与半经典项的比例常数被选为(Mrh-Q2/2)-1.结合视界方程的微分形式和黑洞热力学第一定律,本文得到了荷电稳态黑洞的修正熵并发现修正项同样包括Bekenstein-Hawking熵的对数项和倒数项.     

Self-interaction correction to black hole radiance

We consider the modification of the formulas for black hole radiation, due to the self-gravitation of the radiation. This is done by truncating the coupled particle-hole system to a small set of modes, that are plausibly the most significant ones, and quantizing the reduced system. In this way we find that the particles no longer move along geodesics, nor is the action along the rays zero for a massless particle. The radiation is no longer thermal, but is corrected in a definite way that we calculate. Our methods can be extended in a straightforward manner to discuss correlations in the radiation, or between incoming particles and the radiation.     

Damping of flexural vibrations in rectangular plates using the acoustic black hole effect

The reduction of flexural vibration in plate structures has been investigated using the recently reported acoustic black hole effect for flexural wave reflection in plates with the local thickness varying according to h(x)=εx^m and m≥2. Since sharp edges of such plates (wedges) are always truncated before x=0, the real reflection coefficients are relatively high, therefore the application of a small amount of damping is required to achieve large reductions in vibration amplitude. This paper presents a numerical model of a plate incorporating an acoustic black hole wedge, with predictions for vibration amplitudes. These are compared to equivalent experimental measurements for a range of applied damping layers. It is concluded that the above-mentioned power-law wedges can be used as effective vibration dampers in plate structures over a wide frequency range of interest.     

Damping of flexural vibrations in turbofan blades using the acoustic black hole effect

The results of the experimental study into the damping of flexural vibrations in turbofan blades with trailing edges tapered according to a power-law profile are reported. Trailing edges of power-law profile (wedges), with small pieces of attached absorbing layers, materialise one-dimensional acoustic black holes for flexural waves that can absorb a large proportion of the incident flexural wave energy. The experiments were carried out on four model blades made of aluminium. Two of them were twisted, so that a more realistic fan blade could be considered. All model blades, the ones with tapered trailing edges and the ones of traditional form, were excited by an electromagnetic shaker, and the corresponding frequency response functions have been measured. The results show that the resonant peaks are reduced substantially once a power-law tapering is introduced to the blade. An initial study into the aerodynamic implications of this method has been carried out as well, using measurements in a closed circuit wind tunnel. In particular, the effects of the trailing edge of power-law profile on the airflow-excited vibrations of the fan blades have been investigated. It has been demonstrated that trailing edges of power-law profile with appropriate damping layers are efficient in reduction of the airflow-excited vibrations of the fan blades. The obtained results demonstrate that power-law tapering of trailing edges of turbofan blades can be a viable method of reduction of blade vibrations.     

Analytic solutions in the acoustic black hole analogue of the conical Kerr metric

We study the sound perturbation of a rotating acoustic black hole in the presence of a disclination.The radial part of the niassless Klein-Gordon equation is written into a Heun form,and its analytical solution is obtained.These solutions have an explicit dependence on the parameter of the disclination.We obtain the exact Hawking-Unruh radiation spectrum.