Novel 160-GHz wavelength converter based on a SOA and a long period grating

The proposed converter is based on cross-phase modulation (XPM) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The predominantly phase-encoded signal at the SOA output is converted to a purely amplitude-modulated signal using a long period grating. First, we design the converter in terms of power conversion efficiency and pulse pedestal suppression. Subsequent analysis for the delayed-interference signal-wavelength converter (DISC) revealed that our device offers 5 dB higher power conversion efficiency and gives shorter pulses at the converter output. In the proof-of-principle experiment, good agreement with the theoretical predictions is obtained.     

Performance analysis of an all-optical wavelength converter based on XPM in semiconductor optical amplifiers

Performance analysis is carried out for an all-optical wavelength converter based on cross-phase modulation in two semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) arranged in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer configuration to evaluate the efficiency of conversion and the signal-to-crosstalk ratio (SCR) at the output of the converter. The results evaluated analytically for input non-return to zero signal at a bit rate of 10 Gb/s show that conversion is possible over a wavelength separation of 2 nm between the pump and the input wavelengths. It is further noticed that SCR of the order of 50 dB or more can be achieved at a bit rate of 10 Gb/s, optical amplifier bandwidth of 10 times bit rate and driving current of 600 mA when the input pump is 60% of saturation intensity. The range of wavelength conversion can further be increased by increasing the driving current.     

FDTD simulation of wavelength conversion of ultrashort pulses utilizing intersubband absorption in AlGaN/GaN quantum wells

The four-wave mixing (FWM) characteristics of 500-fs pulses in nonlinear optical waveguides utilizing the saturation of the intersubband absorption at 1.55 μm in nitride multiple quantum wells are calculated by a one-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method combined with three-level rate equations describing the intersubband carrier dynamics. Efficiency for a 100-nm wavelength conversion in a 160-μm waveguide is predicted to be higher than 3% both for up- and down-conversions. The extinction ratio is higher than 20 dB. As for the short-pulse application, however, the conversion efficiency is strongly dependent on the phase difference between the pump and signal pulses, especially when the efficiency is high. This causes ambiguity in the output power. Therefore, the cross-loss-modulation (XLM) converter is preferable to the FWM converter for OTDM application. The FWM converters are considered to be applicable to simultaneous conversion of WDM signals.     

电磁诱导透明窗口中温度、功率及偏振特性对四波混频信号的影响

电磁诱导透明(EIT)效应改变了介质的吸收特性,导致了线性极化率的抑制和非线性极化率的提高,从而可以实现高效率四波混频的产生.实现了基于EIT的高效四波混频,且研究了样品温度、入射光功率和入射光偏振状态对四波混频信号的影响特性.研究发现,温度对样品铷的两个同位素87Rb和85Rb的影响有所差别,它们分别存在一个最佳工作...     

基于光纤光栅外腔激光器的全光波长转换器的阈值转换特性

使用半导体激活介质的增益饱和效应,描述了激光器型全光波长转换器波长转换机制及其阈值转换特性.实验研究了基于光纤光栅外腔半导体激光器的全光波长转换器的阈值转换特性,结果表明以此器件作为波长转换器可以将信号的消光比由5dB提高到30dB,并可将信号的强度起伏抑制到0dB,可实现部分信号数字再生功能.     

基于PPLN光波导和频与差频级联型全光波长转换的研究

介绍了基于准相位匹配周期极化反转铌酸锂光波导的和频与差频(SFG DFG)级联型全光波长转换技术的基本原理.计算了SFG DFG级联型波长转换的转换效率,分析了抽运光功率以及两个抽运光之间的间距对转换效率的影响,抽运光功率越大,转换效率越高;转换效率随着间距的增大先增大后减小.单抽运调节时的抽运带宽为0.5 nm,同时对信号光脉冲还有压缩作用,压缩比是0.68.     

Wavelength Converter Using Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Based on XPM at 40 Gb/s for Future Transport Networks

Abstract

We have simulated, for the first time, wavelength converter for future broadcast networks at 40 Gb/s using low-cost semiconductor optical amplifiers. The performance analysis is carried out for an all-optical frequency converter based on cross-phase modulation in two semiconductor optical amplifiers arranged in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration to evaluate the efficiency of conversion. The results, evaluated analytically for input, return to zero signal at a bit rate of 40 Gb/s show that conversion is possible over a wavelength separation of 1 nm between the pump and the input wavelength. Increasing the driving current can decrease the cross-phase modulation effect. The cross gain modulation scheme shows extinction ratio degradation for conversion to longer wavelengths.     

基于少模长周期光纤叠栅的模式转换器

本文提出一种在同一段少模光纤上写入两个不同周期Λ1和Λ2的长周期光纤光栅构成叠栅的方法,实现了纤芯基模LP_(01)向高阶纤芯模LP_(11)模式转换的宽带宽的新型的全光纤模式转换器.利用有限元法和耦合模理论建立了模式转换器的理论分析模型.数值仿真分析了叠栅中两个子光栅周期间隔、光栅长度、耦合系数等光栅参数对模式转换器的影响.仿真分析和实验结果表明,通过改变两个子光栅的周期间隔来改变两个损耗峰的位置,形成一个损耗峰,从而可以实现宽带宽的模式转换器,其10dB带宽约是单栅的2倍.与传统的模式转换器相比,该转换器带宽宽、转换效率高,尺寸小、抗干扰能力强,可以在模分复用系统和光通信中得到广泛的应用.     

On the polarisation sensitivity and performance optimisation of a dual pump four wave mixing based wavelength converter

This paper presents a detailed investigation of the performance of a wavelength conversion scheme. The converter is based on four wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers using two parallel polarised pumps. Measurements of the conversion efficiency and the signal to background noise ratio of the two replicas of the signal, for the cases of the signal polarisation being either parallel or orthogonal relative to the pump waves have been carried out. These measurements will reveal the polarisation sensitivity of this scheme which appears to be less than 1 dB when the wavelength spacing between the signal and its closest spaced pump is larger than 12 nm. The experimental results are supported in a satisfactory way by theoretical considerations. A simple theoretical expression describing the polarisation sensitivity have been derived and the theoretical results are in good agreement with those experimentally obtained. A performance comparison of the conversion scheme using semiconductor optical amplifiers with different lengths but the same structure is also performed. Through the following study the optimum operational conditions for this wavelength conversion scheme will be determined.     

可调马赫-泽德干涉仪型NRZ到PRZ全光码型转换器

研制了一种基于光纤型马赫-泽德干涉仪的全光码型转换器.通过对工作温度的控制,实现了NRZ码到PRZ码的转换.分析了实现NRZ到PRZ码型的转换原理,讨论了干涉仪的结构设计.在10 Gb/s和20 Gb/s的码型转换实验中,得到较好的PRZ信号眼图.光谱分析表明,转换后的PRZ码包含了丰富的时钟分量,达到了理想的转换结果.结果表明,这种简单的光纤型非对称马赫-泽德干涉仪可以实现NRZ到PRZ的转换,并可以保持输出结果的稳定性.     

激光器型全光波长转换器的小信号分析

当外部光子注入到激光器有源腔中时 ,载流子把被注入光子消耗的一部分放大 ,进而激光器自身的输出功率将降低。基于此 ,可以实现全光波长转换。理论上基于载流子消耗机制 ,对激光器型波长转换器进行了小信号分析 ,给出了频率响应函数。理论分析表明 ,激光器型全光波长转换器的转换速度取决于激光器光子寿命以及激光器腔内的光子密度。     

非均匀扰动结构TE0n模式变换器研究

本文提出一种半径和周期双重扰动的非均匀圆波导TE_0n模式变换器. 通过耦合波理论(CWT)和数值优化方法对该模式变换器进行研究, 计算结果与电磁仿真软件基本一致. 与传统的均匀结构半径微扰模式变换器比较, 非均匀扰动结构TE_0n模式变换器可以在更少的波纹周期内实现高于均匀结构的模式转换效率, 95%功率转换绝对带宽增加150%, 器件长度减小接近一半. 本文的研究工作为设计轴向尺寸短、工作带宽大、 转换效率高的高功率回旋管外接模式变换器提供了重要参考.     

Statistical analysis of micro-luminescence maps of implanted optical centers in diamond

We report on an approach to determine the number of optical emitters based on establishing the proper relationship between the statistics of implanted ions and the signal from optical centers (e.g. photoluminescence) collected at different points in the sample. Knowing the number of implanted ions, one can estimate the probability for an ion to create an optical center—the conversion efficiency. The micro-luminescence mapping and statistical analyses were performed on a model Xe optical center in diamond and the conversion efficiency was estimated to be about 30%.     

An ultra-broadband and highly-efficient tunable terahertz polarization converter based on composite metamaterial

A near perfect, ultra-broadband and highly-efficient terahertz reflective polarization converter based on multilayer metamaterial is proposed in this paper. The hybrid metamaterial unit structure consists of a split-ring metal pattern and a metal sheet separated by a dielectric resonator spacer. The polarization conversion ratio (PCR) is above 90% from 2.06 to 4.26 THz, with an optimal range between 2.98 and 4.16 THz where the efficiency is above 98% for normal incidence. It also shows excellent performance for oblique incidences. Moreover, the working band and the optimized frequency range for the polarization conversion can be manipulated by changing the open angle between the metallic arcs and the substrate thickness, respectively. Based on this design, two types of hybrid metamaterial converters are also investigated to swith off polarization conversion altogether or modify the polarization conversion bandwidth. A polarization converter with temperature controlled PCR is realized by adding a vanadium oxide (VO₂) mask on the designed structure. In addition, by integrating photoconductive silicon islands between the split-ring and metal bar a dual-band polarization converter can be realized. Combining with a polarizer, this window can act as an active THz filter.     

Dual-broadband and near-perfect polarization converter based on anisotropic metasurface

A novel dual-broadband and near-perfect reflective polarization converter based on anisotropic metasurface is presented and analyzed in this paper. The unit cell of the proposed converter is composed of a double-cut slotted metallic split-ring and a metallic ground sheet separated by an F4B-2 substrate. Both numerical analysis and measured results demonstrate that the proposed converter has five plasmon resonance frequencies, and can near-completely convert the x- or y-polarized incident wave to its orthogonal counterpart in two frequency bands (9.5–12.9 GHz, 16.1–20.2 GHz). The corresponding polarization conversion ratio is more than 98.3% in the first frequency band and 99.7% in the second one. In addition, the bandwidths and central frequencies of the two frequency bands can be effectively tuned over a wide range by adjusting the geometrical dimensions of the metasurface, while the high conversion efficiency is preserved. The proposed polarization converter may have great potentials in electromagnetic polarization control applications.     

基于超材料的中波红外宽带偏振转换研究

基于硅纳米块阵列和亚波长金属光栅,硅纳米块长轴与金属光栅夹角为45°,本文设计了一种高效、宽带偏振转换结构.模拟计算表明该结构实现了线偏振光90°旋转,在3.4—4.5μm波段偏振转换率大于60%,在3—5μm光谱范围内的转换对比率大于10~4.由于该结构光学性能优异,制备难度低,可以应用于光传输控制.     

基于半导体激光器的全光波长转换的理论研究

全光波长转换是全光网络的关键技术之一。利用多模半导体激光器的速率方程,建立了基于半导体激光器的全光波长转换器的理论模型,该模型不仅考虑了注入信号光对激光腔内载流子的消耗,而且考虑了激光腔对注入信号光的放大作用。利用该模型分析了半导体激光器工作电流、注入信号光功率以及码率各参数对波长转换特性的影响。结果对于确定基于半导体激光器的全光波长转换器件的最佳工作条件有一定的参考价值。     

径向线型模式变换器

 研究了一种通过改变波导内场分布的旋转对称性,可将高功率微波源输出的TEM模或TM01模转换为TE11模的径向线型模式变换器。介绍了该模式变换器的基本原理,即采用金属插板将同轴波导TEM模变换为4路90°扇形波导TE11模,各路扇形波导间所需的输出相位差通过将扇形波导转换为双层径向线传输来实现。基于这一原理,设计了一个中心频率为1.6 GHz的同轴TEM-TE11模式变换器,并进行了数值模拟计算,结果表明该模式变换器具有较高的功率容量,中心频率处反射系数为0.05,模式转换效率为99%,在1.52~1.68 GHz的频带范围内,模式转换效率大于90%。     

Metamaterial polarization converter analysis: limits of performance

In this paper, we analyze the theoretical limits of a metamaterial-based converter with orthogonal linear eigenpolarizations that allow linear-to-elliptical polarization transformation with any desired ellipticity and ellipse orientation. We employ the transmission line approach providing a needed level of the design generalization. Our analysis reveals that the maximal conversion efficiency for transmission through a single metamaterial layer is 50 %, while the realistic reflection configuration can give the conversion efficiency up to 90 %. We show that a double layer transmission converter and a single layer with a ground plane can have 100 % polarization conversion efficiency. We tested our conclusions numerically reaching the designated limits of efficiency using a simple metamaterial design. Our general analysis provides useful guidelines for the metamaterial polarization converter design for virtually any frequency range of the electromagnetic waves.     

回旋速调管变周期TE01-TE11模式变换器

针对蛇形圆波导变换器尺寸大和带宽窄的不足,提出了变周期蛇形圆波导模式变换器,以实现TE01到TE11模式的高效率转换。根据耦合波方程,编制了优化计算程序,对工作于30.5 GHz、半径为16 mm的变周期以及传统蛇形变换器几何结构分别进行了优化计算,得到了可实现最高模式变换效率的几何参量。计算结果表明:传统结构变换器最优长度长达1 056.97 mm,转换效率98.1%,90%以上转换带宽也仅为3.3%;变周期变换器最优长度为769.53 mm,转换效率为99.3%,90%以上转换带宽为5.9%。变周期结构相对于传统结构的模式变换器具有尺寸小和带宽宽的明显优势。测试表明所提出的模式变换器具有良好的模式变换性能。