Dynamic analysis of directly modulated Fabry–Perot laser diodes using time-domain modeling with random noise fluctuations

Based on time-domain laser modeling, we have systematically evaluated multi-mode excitation and mode competition in directly modulated Fabry–Perot laser diodes biased with different current levels. In our simulation, random noise fluctuations depending on the bias current are included since they play an important role in determining the number of lasing modes. Multi-mode excitation and mode competition occurred at the biased current below the threshold current can be explained with the aid of frequency chirp at turn-on and gain difference in between '0' and '1' bits. The positive frequency chirp (25 GHz for lasers biased below the threshold current and 15 GHz for lasers biased above the threshold current) affects to enhance the probability of multi-mode excitation in low-frequency region during turn-on delay.     

Digital Communication Using Multi-mode Chaotic Lasers

The digital communication in a system of two multi-mode solid state chaotic lasers is investigated theoretically. If the usual method working well in a single-mode laser system is applied to a multi-mode laser system, the memory effect of the two nearest digits can cause high rate of mistakes when the digits are decoded through the subtraction of receiver output from the transmittal. By introducing the deviations of two nearest maximum and minimum fluctuations of the signal to decode the digit, the message can be decoded correctly. Also, this communication method does not critically depend on the quality of the chaotic synchronization of the two multi-mode lasers.     

多模激光的模相关和相干模表示

对多模激光的模相关和相干模表示作了深入的理论研究.利用部分相干光理论,将与高斯-谢尔模型光束等效的多模激光表示为空间相干,并且彼此可相关模式的叠加.给出了直角坐标系下模相关系数的解析表达式.基于M²因子概念,建立了在考虑模式相关的一般情况下的多模激光模分解理论. 关键词：     

Linewidth narrowing caused by optical feedback in a multi-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser

We have studied experimentally spectral characteristics of a multi-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser that is subject to optical feedback. Appropriate alignment of the feedback mirror can suppress higher-order modes and significantly decrease the spectral linewidth of the laser.     

Creation of pure multi-mode entangled states in a ring cavity

Practical schemes for creation of multi-mode squeezed (entangled) states of atomic ensembles located inside a high-Q ring cavity are discussed. It is assumed that the cavity is composed of two degenerate mutually counter-propagating modes that can simultaneously couple to the atomic ensembles with the same coupling strengths. The ensembles are composed of ultra-cold atoms which are modeled as four-level systems driven by two laser fields, both co-propagating with one of the cavity directions. We illustrate a procedure that constructs multi-mode squeezed states from the vacuum by a unitary transformation associated with the collective dynamics of the atomic ensembles subjected to driving lasers of a suitably adjusted amplitudes and phases. The lasers pulses together with the cavity dissipation prepare the collective modes in a desired stationary squeezed state.     

The effects of pulsed laser injection seeding and triggering on the temporal behavior and magnitude of laser-induced incandescence from soot

The effect of sub-nanosecond fluence fluctuations and triggering on time-resolved laser-induced incandescence (LII) from soot has been studied using an injection-seeded pulsed Nd:YAG laser that produces a smooth laser temporal profile. Without injection seeding, this multi-mode laser generates pulses with large intensity fluctuations with sub-nanosecond rise times. The experimental results described here demonstrate that at fluences below 0.6 J/cm² LII signals are insensitive to fluence fluctuations on nanosecond time scales. At fluences above 0.6 J/cm² fluctuations in the laser profile cause the rising edge of the LII profile to move around in time relative to the center of the laser pulse causing a broader average profile that shifts to earlier times. Such fluctuations also lead to a decrease in the average LII temporal profile by up to 12% at a fluence of 3.5 J/cm². A timing jitter on the trigger of the data acquisition, such as that produced by triggering on the laser Q-switch synchronization pulse, has a negligible effect on the shape and temporal maximum of the LII signal. Additional jitter, however, considerably reduces the peak of the LII temporal profiles at fluences as low as 0.15 J/cm². Neither fast fluence fluctuations nor trigger jitter have a significant effect on gated LII signals, such as those used to infer soot volume fraction.     

The Fokker-Planck equation of a laser with many modes and multi-level atoms

Using the Glauber-SudarshanP-representation for the field modes and a quasi-distribution function recently presented for arbitrary quantum systems we derive an exact generalized Fokker-Planck equation for a multi-mode laser containing a set of multi-level atoms with homogeneous and inhomogeneous level broadening. By introduction of suitable collective atomic coordinates this generalized Fokker-Planck equation is reduced to an ordinary one which may serve as a basis for the adequate treatment of laser light statistics.     

Study of mode propagation with 632.8-nm laser in tapered fiber

The material dispersion of a tapered fiber is described by Sellmeier＇s equation. The dependence of refractive index on wavelength and doping concentration is discussed. A He-Ne laser with the output wavelength of 632.8 nm is used in the experiment. When the cutoff frequency of the fiber is less than the laser frequency, the guiding modes of a singl~-mode fiber （at 1550 am） are investigated. The results show that the original single-mode fiber becomes a multi-mode waveguide. The propagation and mode coupling of the light in the taper region are analyzed. By controlling the taper end size of the fiber, the unique tapered fiber can convert a multi-mode beam into a single-mode one.     

Stabilization of intracavity frequency-doubled lasers with type I phase matching

We report a new method for stabilizing the power of intracavity frequency-doubled multimode lasers with type I phase matching. Such lasers usually show strong fluctuations of the output power caused by coupling of longitudinal laser modes in the nonlinear crystal. We eliminate these fluctuations by placing the gain medium and nonlinear crystal in specific locations in the laser cavity where the nonlinear coupling of different longitudinal modes is strongly reduced.     

Generation of coherent terahertz radiation by photomixing of dual-mode lasers

We have reviewed and discussed the generation of continuous-wave terahertz radiation by the photomixing of dual-mode lasers, which includes a multi-mode laser diode (LD), a dual-mode microchip laser, a monolithic dual-mode DBR LD, and a widely tunable dual-mode external cavity LD. It is demonstrated by several experiments that the beat frequency of a dual-mode laser is more stable than the original laser modes because of the common-mode rejection effect. We also suggest a novel scheme by which the optical beat is stabilized to less than 1 kHz and its frequency can be precisely determined as well.     

Observation of microlaser with Er-doped phosphate glass coated microsphere pumped by 780 nm

The silica microspheres coated with a thin layer of Er-doped phosphate glass are fabricated and whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) with quality factor of 8 × 10⁶ in the 780 nm band are obtained. We demonstrate that the microsphere can form single-mode and multi-mode microlaser in communication-band with a pumping laser of wavelength 780 nm band. Moreover, the representative lateral emission distributed modes in the microsphere can be directly observed via the upconverted photoluminescence.     

浅海低频垂直相控阵多模声场聚焦研究*

为了提高低频垂直相控阵声场聚焦的环境适应性,增强环境失配情况下的声场聚焦效果,提出一种多模声场聚焦方法。该方法利用环境失配对低阶模态影响相对较小的特点,只利用前3阶模态进行发射权系数的计算。仿真结果表明,多模声场具有较大的聚焦跨度,在环境失配情况下仍能在期望的聚焦位置实现良好的聚焦效果。进一步地,根据巴斯微扰理论计算分析了多模声场的混响特性。由于多模声场聚焦将能量集中到了掠射角较小的低阶模态中,因此比最优权系数聚焦具有更低的混响平均强度。多模聚焦对聚焦深度进行扫描可以实现目标的深度分辨,这在水下目标探测方面具有较高的应用前景。     

Theory of intensity noise in semiconductor laser emission

The intensity fluctuations expected in the output of cw semiconductor lasers are studied analytically using linearized multimode rate equations. Spontaneous emission causes intrinsic fluctuations of the laser wave. A power-independent contribution to the intensity fluctuations may occur due to inversion-induced modulation noise. The correlation of the low-frequency noise of different laser modes is investigated. The results are in agreement with experimental data reported in the literature.     

Dynamics and distribution of intensity fluctuations in the modes of an injection laser with strong high-frequency modulation of the pump current

The dynamical behavior and spectral density of the intensity fluctuations of optical radiation in the modes of an injection laser with strong high-frequency modulation of the pump current have been investigated by numerical methods. A method for transforming the Einstein-Fokker-Planck equation was used to analyze the effect of random fluctuations of the carrier and photon generation-recombination rate on the dynamics and spectral characteristics of an injection laser. The distribution of the time-averaged continuous and discrete components of the radiation intensity in the modes of an injection laser was studied as a function of the parameters of the laser and the characteristics of the modulation. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 67, 78–82 (April 1997)     

紫外域多纵模高光谱分辨率激光雷达探测气溶胶的技术实现和系统仿真

多纵模高光谱分辨率激光雷达是一种新型的高光谱分辨率激光雷达.本文在研究典型高功率Nd:YAG脉冲激光器的多纵模模式及其在大气中传输的气溶胶米散射和瑞利散射光谱的基础上,设计紫外域多纵模高光谱分辨率激光雷达系统,采用窄带干涉滤光片滤除太阳背景光的影响,设计可调谐马赫-曾德尔干涉仪,分离提取多纵模激光回波中的气溶胶米散射和瑞利散射光谱,并利用马赫-曾德尔干涉仪双通道输出的互补性原理,精确反演气溶胶光学参量.系统仿真结果表明,所设计的紫外域多纵模高光谱分辨率激光雷达能够实现10 km高度内的气溶胶光学参量精细探测.     

Coexistence and noncoexistence of modes in a multi-mode laser

Mode competition effects in a cw multi-mode laser with a broad homogeneous emission line are studied theoretically, taking account of a Lorentzian gain profile. Explicit formulas are presented for the frequency range in which simultaneous oscillation of modes takes place, and the tuning range for a selected mode (the latter being privileged by a lower loss). Moreover, a novel spectroscopic technique introduced and successfully applied recently, is analysed. The experimental procedure consists in first restricting the oscillation range by means of filter and afterwards observing the additional spectral broadening of the laser output, which is caused by placing a narrow-band absorber inside the laser cavity. A useful formula allowing to estimate the sensitivity of this technique is derived.     

Energy distribution of ions in plasma formed by laser ablation of metallic Nb and Ta targets

The laser plasma plume expansion induced by UV nanosecond irradiation from metallic Nb and Ta targets has been studied using Langmuir probe time-of-flight measurements. The ion current shape was measured as a function of the laser radiation flux at various probe-to-target distances. The ion velocity distribution and the ion energy spectra have been determined by measuring the time of flight of ions reaching the Langmuir probe. A multi-mode velocity distribution of ions has been revealed. The dependence of the amplitudes of the plume energy components on the plume scatter time and on the laser radiation flux has been investigated. The experimental time-of-flight data have been compared with a Maxwell velocity distribution. The threshold values of the laser intensity were determined for different distribution modes in the ion energy spectrum.     

Spatial distribution of the intensity noise of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor laser

We studied anticorrelated quantum fluctuations between the TEM(00) and the TEM(01) transverse modes of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor laser by measuring the transverse spatial distribution of the laser beam intensity noise. Our experimental results are found to be in good agreement with the predictions of a phenomenological model that accounts for quantum correlations between transverse modes in a light beam.     

Fiber-optic vector vibroscope

A directional vibration sensor based on polarization-controlled cladding-to-core recoupling is demonstrated. A compact structure in which a short section of multi-mode fiber (MMF) stub containing a weakly tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) is spliced to another single-mode fiber without any lateral offset. Multiple core modes of the MMF are coupled at the junction and appear as well defined resonances in reflection from the TFBG. Some of those resonances exhibit a strong polarization and bending dependence. Both the orientation and the amplitude of the vibrations can be determined unambiguously via dual-path power detection of the orthogonal-polarimetric lowest order LP(1n) modes. Meanwhile, the unwanted power fluctuations and temperature perturbations can be referenced out by monitoring the fundamental LP(01) mode resonance.     

Multi-mode absorption spectroscopy

A method of absorption spectroscopy is reported that uses a comb of laser modes that is frequency tuned over the mode spacing. Absorption of individual modes in a gaseous absorber is detected by reduction in the total transmitted power as the modes are tuned yielding a signature characteristic of the absorbing species. Analysis of the signal provides information on the species concentrations, temperature and pressure. The potential of the method for rapid detection of multiple transitions with high resolution and wide spectral range is demonstrated using a multi-mode diode laser to detect multiple transitions in the A-band of molecular oxygen around 760 nm. Application of the technique to gas-phase thermometry with a precision of ±2 % is reported.