光场时空对称性及其在光学技术中的应用

本文论述光波场的时问、空间对称性,包括拍频导致的“空间放大”与“时间放大”;多束光干涉提高条纹细锐度“空间压缩”、锁模技术中脉冲的“时间压缩”;空间调制与时间调制;非线性效应中的时间倍频与空间倍频;空间相干性与时间相干性;时域测不准与空域测不准。     

Spatial and temporal bilateral filter for infrared small target enhancement

This paper presents a spatial and temporal bilateral filter (BF) to detect target trajectories, by extracting spatial target information using a spatial BF and temporal target information using a temporal BF. Background prediction when it is covered by targets is the key to small target detection. In order to apply the BF to a small target detection field for this purpose, this paper presents a novel spatial and temporal BF with an adaptive standard deviation to predict spatial background and temporal background profiles, based on analysis of the blocks surrounding a spatial and temporal filter window. In order to discriminate between the edge or object regions with a flat background and the target region spatially and temporally, spatial and temporal variances of the blocks surrounding the filter window are calculated in a spatial infrared (IR) image and temporal profile. The spatial and temporal variances adjust standard deviations of the spatial and temporal BF. Through this procedure, spatial background and temporal background profiles are predicted, and then small targets can be detected by subtracting the predicted spatial background (and temporal background profile) from the original IR image (and original temporal profile) and multiplying spatial and temporal target information. To compare existing target detection methods and the proposed method, signal-to-clutter ratio gain (SCRG) and background suppression factor (BSF) are employed for spatial performance comparison and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) is used for detection-performance comparison of the target trajectory. Experimental results show that the proposed method has a superior target detection rate and a lower false-alarm rate.     

可调空间分辨USEDCARS技术研究

相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射（CARS）技术是一种非常重要的燃烧诊断技术,该技术具有非常强的抗干扰能力和非常高的测量精度。但空间分辨力不足会使CARS技术产生很强的空间平均效应,引起成CARS光谱畸变,进而造成CARS光谱分析困难,无法通过CARS光谱反演燃烧场参数。针对非稳腔空间增强探测CARS（USEDCARS）技术存在的空间分辨不足以及空间分辨力不易改变的特点,分析了影响USEDCARS技术测量空间分辨力的各种因素,采用一组轴棱锥对USEDCARS系统中的泵浦激光进行环状光束整形,并通过调节轴棱锥之间的距离获得了不同直径的环状光束,在此基础上,建立了空间分辨可调USEDCARS诊断系统。开展了空间分辨力分析实验,获得了CARS信号强度随空间位置的分布数据,以CARS信号总强度95%包含的空间区域代表CARS的纵向空间分辨力,以此计算得到了CARS系统空间分辨力为1.7～6.5 mm连续可调。其中,高分辨力情况,达到了现有BOXCARS技术的空间分辨力。利用所建立的空间分辨可调USEDCARS诊断系统测量了酒精/空气预混火焰温度参数,获得了不同空间分辨条件下的CARS光谱。空间分辨力为1.7 mm时,获得了高质量CARS光谱,通过光谱拟合给出了所测火焰的温度信息。分辨力分别为4.9和6.5 mm时获得了较强的CARS信号,但存在光谱畸变。结果显示,空间分辨力对CARS信号的强度和空间平均效应有很大地影响,提高测量的空间分辨力可以有效消除空间平均效应,获得准确的CARS光谱,增强光谱拟合精度,同时空间分辨可调的特性使该系统能够更好地适应不同实验条件下的诊断工作。     

含分压电阻的光折变屏蔽光伏空间灰孤子

为了研究外加偏压光伏光折变晶体中的空间灰孤子,建立了含分压电阻的光折变屏蔽光伏空间灰孤子的演化方程,给出了灰孤子解.采用数值模拟的方法,求解灰孤子的数值表达式,得到了不同参量取值下的灰孤子包络.数值结果表明：当分压电阻、晶体的外加电场和光伏场取不同值时,可以分别得到有无分压电阻的屏蔽灰孤子|开路的光伏灰孤子,有、无分压电阻的闭路光伏灰孤子|有、无分压电阻的屏蔽光伏灰孤子.     

Spatial and Temporal Properties of a Nonlinear Optical Feedback System

We experimentally investigate the spatial and temporal properties of a nonlinear optical system composed of an optically addressed spatial light modulator and a two-dimensional optical feedback. The system property is examined using fringes with only one spatial wave vector. The fringes are spontaneously generated using a spatial frequency filter in the optical feedback. We also experimentally investigate the properties of the spatial light modulator in the system using ordinary interference fringes in order to compare with the system property. We demonstrate that the spatial frequency response of the nonlinear optical system is identical to that of the spatial light modulator. We also demonstrate the distinctive temporal behavior of diffraction lights from the fringes generated in the system.     

听觉障碍患者的空间听觉*

空间听觉是对声音空间属性或特性的主观感觉,包括对声源的定位、对环境反射声的主观感觉等。复杂声学环境下的语言获取也和空间听觉密切相关。听觉障碍通常会包括空间听觉能力的下降甚至缺失,影响语言的获取能力。人工听觉是治疗听觉障碍的手段,理想情况下应能恢复或改善患者的空间听觉能力。该文综述了听觉障碍患者的空间听觉及其人工恢复方面的研究、进展及存在的问题。     

含分压电阻的光折变屏蔽光伏空间灰孤子(英文)

为了研究外加偏压光伏光折变晶体中的空间灰孤子,建立了含分压电阻的光折变屏蔽光伏空间灰孤子的演化方程,给出了灰孤子解.采用数值模拟的方法,求解灰孤子的数值表达式,得到了不同参量取值下的灰孤子包络.数值结果表明:当分压电阻、晶体的外加电场和光伏场取不同值时,可以分别得到有无分压电阻的屏蔽灰孤子;开路的光伏灰孤子,有、无分压电阻的闭路光伏灰孤子;有、无分压电阻的屏蔽光伏灰孤子.     

Spatial optimization of filaments

We demonstrate the spatial homogenization of intense laser pulses by adaptive minimization of spatial chirp of the spectrally broadened output pulses of a filament. A liquid-crystal-based two-dimensional spatial light modulator is used to control the spatial phase of the driver pulse. An evolutionary algorithm finds the optimal spatial laser phase distribution that introduces minimal distortions during filamentation and enhances the beam quality of the output pulse. A homogeneous intensity distribution favours efficient temporal compression close to the bandwidth limit without the need for spatial filtering after the filament. PACS 42.65.-k; 42.65.Re; 41.85.Ct     

空间频率域的张量ABCD定律

运用张量分析方法把轴对称系统中的空间频率域的柯林斯公式推广到一般的非轴对称光学系统,并推导了在空间频率域中适用于非轴对称光学系统的张量ABCD定律。空间频率域中的柯林斯公式和张量ABCD定律直接给出了像散光束的空间傅里叶频谱的传输规律。它们在处理与空间频谱有关的问题,如空间滤波,成像系统的传递函数,复杂像散高斯光束在自由空间的传输等问题时更为简便。     

Multiple spatial coherence resonance induced by the stochastic signal in neuronal networks near a saddle-node bifurcation

This paper reported multiple induction of spiral waves with a stochastic signal in a square lattice network model composed of type I Morris-Lecar (ML) neurons, where each neuron is coupled to its four nearest neighbors. The induction occurs in two or three distinct regions of noise intensity, and thus enables emergence of multiple spatial coherence in the network, demonstrating a novel evidence of multiple coherence resonance. Emergence of this multiple spatial coherence resonance was evidenced by calculating the degree of spatial complexity, spatial correlation length, spatial structure function, circular symmetry, and signal-to-noise ratio curves. The network was further characterized by spatial frequency and inherent spatial scale, reflecting its inherent ability to manifest ordered pattern formation under the driven of noisy signals.     

The effect of a layer of varying density on spatial correlation of sea-bottom backscattering signal

The research is about the effect of a layer of varying density of sea-bottom sediments on spatial correlation of sea-bottom backscattering.The relationship between scattering cross section and spatial correlation is that backscattering cross section decreases quickly and the spatial correlation becomes stronger as the incident angle increases.Therefore,the densitydepth profile is introduced into sea-bottom high-frequency backscattering echo model,which is used to simulate sea-bottom backscattering and calculate the function of spatial correlation.The influence of the density gradient on spatial correlation of sea-bottom backscattering is investigated by analyzing the relations between vertical gradient of density and the scattering cross section.As can be seen from the simulation results,the impact of the density gradient on the spatial correlation is found more significant.While the density gradient increases,the scattering cross-section and the radius of the spatial correlation broaden,the spatial correlation becomes stronger.At the same time,the scattering cross-section decreases more quickly as the incident angle increases.     

Display method with compensation of the spatial frequency response of a liquid crystal spatial light modulator for holographic femtosecond laser processing

Liquid crystal spatial light modulators, which are widely used as display devices for computer-generated holograms, have modulation characteristics that depend on spatial frequency. We describe a method for displaying a computer-generated hologram on a liquid crystal spatial light modulator with compensation of its spatial frequency response. Using this method, we demonstrate a binary phase grating with smaller dependence on the spatial frequency. We also demonstrate application of the display method to holographic femtosecond laser processing.     

All-optical analog-to-digital conversion system with a spatial coding method using designed filter

We propose and demonstrate an all-optical analog-to-digital conversion system with a spatial coding method using a designed filter. To make available codes more flexible, the design technique for a computer-generated hologram is introduced to our spatial coding scheme. By designing the spatial coding filter appropriately, this coding scheme enables us to output various digital signals as spatial patterns. By combining this coding method with the optical quantization method using soliton self-frequency shifting in a fiber, the proposed system converts analog sampled signals into arbitrary digital signals. Preliminary experimental results show that 3-bit Gray codes are successfully output as spatial patterns using the designed spatial coding filter.     

Effect of spatial patterns on population size

We investigate the role of the spatial pattern and temporal dynamics on the population properties of a diffusive Gause–Lotka–Volterra system. The average total population size is insensitive to the temporal dynamics, whereas a significant decrease of the population size can be found as the spatial diffusion effect is increased, implying that the spatial pattern plays an important role. At large diffusion coefficients, a saturation of the spatial pattern variation is observed, which can be understood by a spatial scaling analysis of the system. The existence of multiple attractors can also indicate that spatial patterns play a more important role than temporal dynamics in dominating the population size.     

强激光束在柱面镜空间滤波器中的传输特性

为了解决空间滤波器滤波针孔堵孔问题,提出了一种新型柱面镜空间滤波器,新型柱面镜空间滤波器由柱面镜和狭缝构成。利用线性传输理论,对高功率激光束在新型柱面镜空间滤波器中的传输特性进行了数值模拟。结果表明:新型柱面镜空间滤波器的焦斑面积比传统滤波器大,而焦斑功率密度较小;新型柱面镜空间滤波器的滤波效果与传统滤波器相同,近场均匀性也相同。因此新型柱面镜空间滤波器能够抑制空间滤波器堵孔效应,可以缩短空间滤波器系统透镜焦距,从而提高功率装置的整体性价比。由此,采用新型柱面镜空间滤波器替换传统球面镜空间滤波器具有可行性。     

Super-resolved or field of view enlarged imaging based upon spatial depolarization of light

In this paper we present a new approach allowing the surpassing of the diffraction based limitation for the achievable resolution provided by imaging systems. It is based on an encoding-decoding process of various spatial pixels or regions in the field of view of the imaged object by orthogonal and differently time varying polarization states.The reconstruction of the original spatial information is obtained by applying a decoding process in a way similar to the encoding one. Although all the spatial information is summed and mixed together by the system, the decoding provides super-resolved imaging since in every spatial position the undesired spatial information having time varying polarization dependence, that is uncorrelated to the decoding sequence applied on that specific spatial position, is averaged to zero and, on the other hand, the information which corresponds to that specific spatial region is being reinforced.The proposed approach can be used not only for super-resolved imaging but also for imaging module that maintains the same spatial resolution while providing enlarged field of view.     

空间频率域超声背散射参量用于骨质状况的评价*

在超声背散射骨质评价中,不同测量感兴趣区域(ROI)的超声背散射信号会有波动,致使诊断准确度降低。该文目的是研究超声背散射信号随测量区域的变化规律。采用空间扫描方法离体测量了35块骨样本,将超声背散射参数从空间域变换到空间频率域。结果表明,超声背散射参数的主要空间频率成分集中于低频部分;空间频率域超声背散射参量最大值(MASF)与骨矿密度等参数具有中高度显著相关性(R2=0.45~0.83,p0.001);空间频率域超声背散射参量衰减系数(AC)也与松质骨密度及结构特征有显著相关性(R2=0.41~0.72,p0.001)。研究表明空间频率域变换方法有助于明确超声背散射信号随测量ROI的变化规律,空间频率域的超声背散射相关新参量评价松质骨状况具有可行性。     

含分压电阻的非相干耦合光折变屏蔽光伏空间孤子对

建立了含分压电阻的非相干耦合光折变屏蔽光伏空间孤子对理论.当分压电阻、晶体外加电场和晶体的光伏场取不同值时,可分别得到有无分压电阻的非相干耦合屏蔽孤子对、开路的非相干耦合光伏孤子对、有无分压电阻的闭路的非相干耦合光伏孤子对和有无分压电阻的非相干耦合屏蔽光伏孤子对.先前已报道的非相干耦合孤子对理论都可在不同的条件下从本文理论得出.     

Role of spatial coherence in Goos-Hänchen and Imbert-Fedorov shifts

We present a theory for Goos-H?nchen (GH) and Imbert-Fedorov (IF) shifts for beams of light with arbitrary spatial coherence. By applying the well-known theory of partial spatial coherence, we can calculate explicitly spatial and angular GH and IF shifts for completely polarized beams of any shape and spatial coherence. For the specific case of a Gauss-Schell source, we find that only the angular part of GH and IF shifts is affected by the spatial coherence of the beam. A physical explanation of our results is given.     

热像仪空间NETD测量技术

凝视阵列型热像仪的空间噪声制约着热像仪对远距离目标的探测、分辨、跟踪性能。为解决热像仪空间噪声实际测量问题,分析了热像仪的空间噪声测量原理,给出了热像仪基于信号传递函数的空间噪声测量数学模型,介绍了热像仪某一组、某一区域或全部像素如何剔除时间域NETD,再通过统计计算得到其空间NETD的数学模型。对制冷型MCT320256凝视列阵热像仪的SiTF和空间NETD进行测量,当背景黑体温度为5 ℃时,FOV区域中心信号传递函数（SiTF）为27.29 mV/℃,NETD为0.128 ℃,20 ℃时FOV区域中心SiTF为29.03 ℃,NETD为0.121 ℃。测量结果表明:该方法可评估空间噪声对热像仪性能的影响。