数学问题解答

1561 已知函数y=f（x）=ax^2＋bx＋c，其中a〉b≥0〉c，a＋b＋c=0，（1）试证：方程f（x）=-a有实数根，（2）设方程f（x）=-a的两实根为x1，x2，问能保证f（x1＋m）和f（x2＋m）中至少一个为正数的实数m是否存在？若存在，确定m的取值范围。     

一道练习题的推广

原题已知函数f(x)=ax2 bx c(a≠0),满足当|x|≤1时,总有|f(x)|≤1,则|f(2)|≤8.该题的结论可以推广到一般情形,即当(|n|>1,n∈R时),|f(n)|≤2n2-1.首先看一个引理.引理1已知函数f(x)=ax2 bx c,(a≠0),对任意给定的常数m,f(m)可以写成f(1),f(-1),f(0)的线性组合.证由于f(m)=am2     

趣说一元二次方程根的特性

1.根的实数性众所周知,对于实系数方程ax2 bx c=O(a≠O)来说,只有在△=b2—4ac≥O才有实数根.并且满足:△>0方程有两个不相等的实数根;△=0方程有两个相等的实根.△<0方程无实数根.因此,一个实系数的一元二次方程,最多只有2个实根.     

一道高考压轴题的优化解法

2007年江苏高考卷的压轴题如下:已知a,b,c,d是不全为0的实数,函数f(x)=bx2 cx d,g(x)=ax3 bx2 cx d,方程f(x)=0有实根,且f(x)=0的实数根都是g(f(x))=0的根,反之,g(f(x))=0的实数根都是f(x)=0的根.1)求d的值;2)若a=0,求c的取值范围;3)若a=1,f(1)=0,求c的取值范围.此题主要考查函     

对一个结论的再推敲

笔者在文 [1 ]中介绍了一个不完整的错误的结论——二次方程 f (x) =0 (其中 f(x) =ax2 +bx+c,a、b、c∈ R,a≠ 0 )在区间 (p,q)内至少有一个实根　 　 f (p) .f (q) &;lt;0　或　Δ≥ 0p &;lt;- b2 a0af (q) &;gt;0感谢周祥昌老师在文 [2 ]中指出了原稿的疏漏 ,并补充考虑 (确实应该考虑 )了下列两种直观图示 :图 1但从形到数的转化中 ,文 [2 ]却把上述两个图示依次表述为两个混合组 :f (p) =0af (q) &;gt;0 　或　 f(q) =0af (p) &;gt;0其实下列两个图示也分别适合这两个混合组 :图 2而此时与之对应的二次方程 f (x) =0在区间 (p,q)内却没有实数根 .再次校正推敲 ,我们得到完整的结论——二次方程 f (x) =0在区间 (p,q)内至少有一个实根 　 f(p) .f(q) &;lt;0　或　Δ≥ 0p &;lt;- b2 a0af (q) &;gt;0或　f (p) =0p &;lt;- b2 a     

新题征展(32)

A　题组新编1.对于任意 x∈ R函数 f (x)都满足f(x 2 ) =f (2 - x) .(1)如果方程 f(x) =0恰好有 2 0 0 2个不同实根 ,则这些根之和为 (　 ) .(A) 0　 (B) 2 0 0 2　 (C) 4 0 0 4　 (D) 80 0 8(2 )如果方程 f (x 2 ) =0恰好有 2 0 0 2个不同的实根 ,则这些根之和为 (　 ) .(A) 0　 (B) 2 0 0 2　 (C) 4 0 0 4　 (D) 80 0 8(3)如果方程 f(x - 2 ) =0 ,恰好有 2 0 0 2个不同的实根 ,则这些根之和为 (　 ) .(A) 0　 (B) 2 0 0 2　 (C) 4 0 0 4　 (D) 80 0 8(4)如果方程 f (x 1) =0恰好有 2 0 0 3个不同的实根 ,则这些根之和为 (　 ) .(…     

对一道奥赛题的再探索

第三届(2006年)东南数学奥林匹克第6题为:求最小的实数m,使不等式m(a3 b3 c3)≥6(a2 b2 c2) 1对满足a b c=1的任意正实数a,b,c恒成立.文[1]将该题推广如下:设ai>0(i=1,2,…,n,n≥2),∑ni=1ai=1,B>0,A Bn>0,求最小的实数m,使不等式m∑ni=1ai3≥Ai∑=n1ai2 B恒成立.本文将对该题作进一步的探索.引理(幂平均值不等式)若α≥β>0,ai>0(i=1,2,…,n),则∑ni=1aiαn1α≥∑ni=1aiβn1β(1)特别地,当β=1,α≥1时有∑ni=1aiαn≥∑ni=1ainα(2)证略.探究1设α>β≥1,A>0,B>0,求最小的实数m,使不等式m∑ni=1aiα≥Ai∑=n1αiβ B(n≥2,n∈N)(3)对…     

2007年江苏高考数学压轴题的巧思妙解

题目已知a,b,c,d是不全为零的实数,函数f(x)=bx~2 cx d,g(x)=ax~3 bx~2 cx d.方程f(x)=0有实数根,且f(x)=0的实数根都是g(f(x))=0的根;反之,g(f(x))=0的实数根都是f(x)=0的根1)求d的值;2)若a=0,求c的取值范围;3)若a=1,f(1)=0,求c的取值范围.原参考答案1)d=0解答略.2)c∈[0,4).解答略.3)由d=0,f(1)=0得b=-c,f(x)=bx2 cx=-cx(x-1).g(f(x))=f(x).[f2(x)-c f(x) c].由f(x)=0可以推得g(f(x))=0,知方程f(x)=0的根一定是方程g(f(x))=0的根.当c=0时,符合题意.当c≠0时,b≠0,方程f(x)=0的根不是f2(x)-c f(x) c=0的根.因此,根据题意方程f2(x)-c f(x) c…     

具正负系数中立型差分方程的振动性

研究具变系数中立型差分方程△(xn-cnxn-r)+pnxn-k-qnxn-l=0(*)的振动性,其中cn, pn, qn (n=0,1,2,…)是非负实数,k, l, r是整数且0≤l≤k-1, r＞0, pn-qn-k+l≥0 ((≠)0). 通过建立一些新的引理,获得了方程(*)所有解振动的几个新的充分条件. 我们的结果不需要通常的假设∑∞n=0(pn-qn-k+l)=∞,且改进了文献中的一些结果.     

一元二次方程的根在某区间内外的讨论

设一元二次方程a二“+b二十c=0(a,b,c为实数,且。今0)的根为二:,二2且、:》二,. ~、设m为实常数 10.翔,丸均大于烧的充要条件,易见为 l乙》。,‘ (一占/a一2二>o,(l) {c/a一(一乙/a)。十。2>。 例1已知方程,2一11二+30+。二。的实根均大于5,求。的范围. 例4二为何值时,方程2二2+4。‘+3川一1=0有两负根.1602一8(3。一)>o,一2巾0.得、J矛2了‘、由解解:由(1)得{11“一4(30+。)》o,(30+。)一5·11+25>0. 解此不等式组,得0<饥《1邝. 例2已知戈的二次方程a二2一(a+1)2戈+4a“=o有二正实根,(l)求实数、a的范围;(2)求两根和的最小…     

惯容器非线性减振与能量采集一体化模型动力学分析

为了解决航天工程中减振和能源供应的问题，构建了一种应用于航天工程的整星减振和能量采集一体化装置，设计并考察了一种基于非线性能量汇(nonlinear energy sink, NES)的新型非线性减振装置，通过以惯容器(inerter)替代传统的惯性元件以减少负载质量，并在该装置中整合了基于超磁致伸缩材料(giant magnetostrictive material, GMM)的能量采集器.在整星减振的实际背景下对其进行了建模、仿真和分析，同时通过数值计算，考察分析了能量采集器采集振动能量的效果，研究结果表明，在合理选择的参数下，该NES-inerter-GMM(NES-I-GMM)装置能够很好地起到减振作用，同时收集一定的振动能量.     

Modelling and analysis of the nonlinear string-mass structure of the vibration absorber

ABSTRACT

In this paper a nonlinear string-mass structure of the vibration absorber is analyzed. This structure is convenient to be installed in vibration damping systems of high buildings for their protection in the case of earthquake. The considered string-mass structure contains a translator movable mass connected with two strings. Due to nonlinear geometric properties of the system the motion of the mass is described with a strong nonlinear second order differential equation. In the paper the approximate procedure for solving of the nonlinear equation of motion is developed. Based on the solution the influence of the string preloading force, slider mass and friction force on the vibration property of the string-mass system is investigated. It is concluded that variation of the preloading string force may be applied as a control parameter for vibration absorption and as the regulator of vibration decay time.     

Applying the Zigbee technology for the enhancing the remote objects control

The paper presents the monitoring and measurement processes for the remote object vibration in the plain space. Wireless, RF communication in Tx/Rx duplex mode provides transfer of data with ZigBee transceivers. Presented ZigBee technology operates in many various modes on frequency 2.4 GHz allowing the coordinator node to select certain path and data. ZigBee technology can be alternative for other vibration research techniques. The vibration displacement is processed further by DSP Digital Signal Processing, made with the microcontroller. Accelerometer applications due to embedded control and I/O digital signal processor DSP play the crucial role in determining vibration and machines fatigue strength testing. It registers, among other, the temporary industrial parameters and monitors plant system parameters such as vibration and/or pressure. The paper presents diagnostic procedure and measurements process of the vibration in the plain space. Role of the node play ZigBee transceivers. (© 2009 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

振动钻削微小孔中钻头寿命与振动参数的二次回归试验研究

本文采用正交组合设计的试验方法，对振动钻削微小孔加工中钻头寿命与轴向振动参数之间的非线性关系进行了二次回归试验，得到了最优回归方程。用回归方程给出的最佳振动参数钻孔，钻头寿命提高了９６．３％     

One-way and two-way couplings of CFD and structural models and application to the wake-body interaction

The current study focuses on the wake-body interaction of a circular cylinder, whose transverse free vibration is modeled by a mass-spring-damper system coupled to a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for the flow and wake. We first simulate the free vibration of the elastically-mounted cylinder and the wake, and analyze the transverse load it exerts on the cylinder and its phase with the vibration. We vary the damping by three orders of magnitude and examine the difference in the wake-body interaction for slightly-damped and highly-damped systems. We then use the spectral properties of the free vibration and use them to construct two different types of forced vibrations: one consists only of the fundamental component of the free vibration, and the other accounts for all spectral properties of it. We compare the wake load for each type to that corresponding to the free vibration. The forced vibrations correspond to a one-way coupling and the information is communicated from the CFD model to the structural model, whereas the free vibration corresponds to a two-way coupling of the models. By comparing the spectral properties of the wake load, including the phase relation of its components with the vibration, which we obtained for the free vibration and for the equivalent forced vibration, we identify the effects of the wake feedback. The findings show that a forced vibration does not reproduce exactly the wake load at small and intermediate levels of structural damping. As the damping increases, the vibration changes from being in-phase with the wake load to being 90° out-of-phase with it, corresponding to two different wake states, and the forced vibration gives wake load that is very close to the one occurring in the case of full wake-body interaction.     

Numerical evaluation of the suppression effect of a free-to-rotate triangular fairing on the vortex-induced vibration of a circular cylinder

The suppression of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a circular cylinder with a free-to-rotate triangular fairing in the Reynolds number range of Re = 1100–6100 is numerically investigated using computational fluid dynamics. The unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations and the shear stress transport k–ω turbulence model coupled with an improved fourth-order Runge–Kutta method are used to solve the wake flow, the structure's vibration, and the fairing's rotation. The computational model is validated with the available experimental results for a cylinder with an attached short-tail fairing. The numerical results indicate that the triangular fairing has a positive role in suppressing vibration when it achieves a stable position deflected from the flow direction. The suppression effect is sensitive to the incoming flow velocity. The fairing shifts from a stable state to an unstable one when the flow velocity varies. Therefore, maintaining the hydrodynamic stability of the fairing is the key to achieving success in vibration suppression, and the stability is dependent on the characteristic length and the rotational friction. Although the strong flapping of the 70° triangular fairing excites a more vigorous vibration, it may be used as an amplifier of VIV for energy harvesting.     

Development of a finite element solution module for the analysis of the dynamic behavior and balancing effects of an induction motor system

The study developed a multipurpose finite element solution module with the theoretical groundwork originated from principles of rotordynamics. This module is capable of solving many of the related rotating machine problems such as of the high speed gas bearing spindles and the electric machines. The goal of this paper is to utilize the developed solution module in investigating various aspects of the vibration behavior of an induction motor system for solving its failure problem of the shaft. Some of the crucial factors to the quality and performance of the motor, such as the vibration amplitude as resulted from the bearing wear, damping effects, mass unbalance, and the passing of system resonance critical speeds, are all investigated in the study. An efficient dual-rotor model is verified to have excellent accuracy when comparing the calculated frequency response function (FRF) with that from modal testing. The results of the transient orbit analysis indicate that the bearing stiffness and damping dominates the vibration amplitude remarkably. The effects both from the bearing damping as well as from the clamping–damping between the silicon steel core and the rotating shaft are all examined. It is noticed that the bearing damping plays the major role in the restraint of the vibration amplitudes of the rotor. For the analysis of vibration suppression with different eccentricities of the unbalanced masses, it is found that the adding of balance masses will normally suppress the vibration amplitude effectively until the point where an optimum amount that causes the minimum balanced vibration amplitudes is observed. Both the qualitative and quantitative analyses for the effectiveness of the balance mass added with different eccentricity ratios are studied. Thus, the critical adding mass ratio (i.e. the adding mass ratio at the minimum balanced amplitude factor) can also be predicted through its linear relationship with the eccentricity ratio. Based on all the findings through the study, it is concluded that the approach not only can solve the realistic shaft vibration failure problems of a motor and the demonstrated processes are also believed to be able to help the designers to have better command of motor performance at the system design stage.     

Chatter Vibration Surveillance by the Optimal-linear Control of Spindle Speed and Randomly Varying Spindle Speed

Tool-workpiece relative vibration plays principal role during the process of milling with slender ball end mills. Due to certain conditions, a loss of stability and generation of self-excited chatter vibration will appear. The paper is devoted to a new approach towards vibration surveillance of rotating tools in modern milling machines. Dynamic analysis of a slender ball end milling process has been performed and dynamics of controlled structure is described. In order to reduce vibration level, instantaneous change in the spindle speed appears as control command, and thus the method of vibration surveillance by the spindle speed optimal-linear control has been developed. Due to quality of machined surface being worse while milling with high tilting angle of the tool, the other method of milling with randomly varying spindle speed is presented. It allows us to maintain a high efficiency of surveillance without worsening of the machining quality. (© 2009 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

海洋立管涡激损伤分析的虚拟激励法概述

立管是连接海底钻井和海上平台的重要系统.涡激振动是造成立管疲劳损伤的主要因素.受海流的随机作用,立管涡激振动表现出不确定性,对这种随机振动进行快速有效地分析,对于立管的工程设计具有非常重要的意义.考虑随机激励作用,要比确定性激励困难得多,虚拟激励法对于克服这种困难具有很好的效果.近年来,应用虚拟激励法分析立管的涡激损伤问题,取得一些成果,该文对此作一概略的叙述.