A fast luminosity monitor for BEPCⅡ

The fast luminosity monitor counting the γ photons above a given energy threshold emitted from radiative Bhabha scattering has been operated in the BEPCⅡ to measure the relative luminosity bunch by bunch for the first time and used successfully in beam tuning of BEPCⅡ.In the relative mode the monitor is able to deliver the relative luminosities with an accuracy of 0.8 %.By steering the electron beam while observing the counting rate changes of the monitor the horizontal and vertical sizes of the bunch spots can be estimated as:sxe+ =sxe-=0.356 mm,sye+ =sye-=0.011 mm.     

BEPCⅡ直线加速器发射度测量

BEPCⅡ直线加速器采用改变四极磁铁励磁电流, 测量获取的束流横截面荧光图像得到束流包络, 进而通过对束流包络和励磁电流的拟合计算得到束流发射度和Twiss参数. 在BEPCⅡ直线加速器的改进过程中, 发现并解决了影响发射度测量结果准确性的多个问题, 改进了束流横截面测量方法和发射度计算方法, 提高了测量结果的准确性. 根据BEPCⅡ直线加速器的具体情况, 还编写了束流截面测量程序和发射度计算程序, 提高了发射度的测量和计算速度, 方便了发射度测量实验的使用.     

为提高BEPCⅡ亮度进行的一些研究

BEPCⅡ是BEPC的升级工程, 它被设计工作在亮度为1×10³³cm^－2.s^－1的τ-charm能区. 根据用几个不同的程序进行的束--束相互作用的模拟结果, BEPCⅡ的亮度较设计亮度有不同程度的下降. 其中一个程序的计算结果表明, 在原设计对撞模式下运行, BEPCⅡ的运行亮度只能达到0.50×10³³cm^－2.s^－1. 为了提高BEPCⅡ的运行亮度, 研究了小动量压缩因子的对撞模式, 亮度可以提高到0.54×10³³cm^－2.s^－1. 相应的束长由1.5cm减小到1.2cm. 为了和1.2cm的束长相匹配, 又研究了对撞点垂直β函数等于1.2cm的对撞模式. 根据束--束相互作用的模拟结果, 选择了几个高亮度的工作点, 对它们的线性lattice和动力学孔径等进行了研究和优化. 其中, 最高的亮度可以达到0.828×10³³cm^－2.s^－1.     

Study on cooling process of cryogenic system for superconducting magnets of BEPCⅡ

In the upgrade project of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPCⅡ), three superconducting magnets are employed to realize the goal of two orders of magnitude higher luminosity. A cryogenic system with a total capacity of 0.5~kW at 4.5~K was built at the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) to support the operations of these superconducting devices. For preparing the commissioning of the system, the refrigeration process was simulated and analyzed numerically. The numerical model was based on the latest engineering progress and focused on the normal operation mode. The pressure and temperature profiles of the cryogenic system are achieved with the simulation. The influence of the helium mass flow rates to cool superconducting magnets on the thermodynamic parameters of their normal operation is also studied and discussed in this paper.     

Design and simulation of the wire scanner for the injector linac of BEPCⅡ

BEPCⅡ, the upgrade project of Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC), is an accelerator with large beam current and high luminosity, so an efficient and stable injector is required. Several beam diagnostic and monitoring instruments are used. A new diagnostic instrument — wire scanner, has been designed and will be used to measure the profile of the linac beam of BEPCⅡ. This paper describes the prototype of this system and the cause of heat generating of the wire. Some simulation results of the heat and force by using finite element method software—ANSYS^®,2) are presented and discussed.     

Beam energy measurement system at BEPCⅡ

The beam energy measurement system at BEPCII is composed of there parts： laser source and optics system, laser-electron interaction system and High Purity Germanium （HPGe） detector system. The special components and construction of each part are introduced, especially about radiation background measurement in the storage ring, which is of great importance for the safe commissioning of HPGe detector.     

Error and jitter effect studies on the SLED for the BEPC Ⅱ-linac

An RF pulse compressor is a device used to convert a long RF pulse to a short one with a much higher peak RF magnitude. SLED can be regarded as the earliest RF pulse compressor to be used in large-scale linear accelerators. It has been widely studied around the world and applied in the BEPC and BEPC linac for many years. During routine operation, error and jitter effects will deteriorate the performance of SLED, either on the output electromagnetic wave amplitude or phase. The error effects mainly include the frequency drift induced by cooling water temperature variation and the frequency/Q 0 /β unbalances between the two energy storage cavities caused by mechanical fabrication or microwave tuning. The jitter effects refer to the PSK switching phase and time jitters. In this paper, we re-derive the generalized formulae for the conventional SLED used in the BEPC linac, and the error and jitter effects on SLED performance are also investigated.     

Error and jitter e ect studies on the SLED for the BEPCⅡ-linac

An RF pulse compressor is a device used to convert a long RF pulse to a short one with a much higher peak RF magnitude. SLED can be regarded as the earliest RF pulse compressor to be used in large-scale linear accelerators. It has been widely studied around the world and applied in the BEPC and BEPCⅡ linac for many years. During routine operation, error and jitter effects will deteriorate the performance of SLED, either on the output electromagnetic wave amplitude or phase. The error effects mainly include the frequency drift induced by cooling water temperature variation and the frequency/Q₀/β unbalances between the two energy storage cavities caused by mechanical fabrication or microwave tuning. The jitter effects refer to the PSK switching phase and time jitters. In this paper, we re-derive the generalized formulae for the conventional SLED used in the BEPCⅡ linac, and the error and jitter effects on SLED performance are also investigated.     

BEPCⅡ直线加速器发射度测量

BEPCⅡ直线加速器采用改变四极磁铁励磁电流,测量获取的束流横截面荧光图像得到束流包络,进而通过对束流包络和励磁电流的拟合计算得到束流发射度和Twiss参数.在BEPCⅡ直线加速器的改进过程中,发现并解决了影响发射度测量结果准确性的多个问题,改进了束流横截面测量方法和发射度计算方法,提高了测量结果的准确性.根据BEPCⅡ直线加速器的具体情况,还编写了束流截面测量程序和发射度计算程序,提高了发射度的测量和计算速度,方便了发射度测量实验的使用.     

Monte Carlo generator photon jets used for luminosity at e+e－ colliders

A Monte-Carlo Generator Photon Jets （MCGPJ） to simulate Bhabha scattering as well as production of two charged muons and two photons events is discussed. The theoretical precision of the cross sections with radiative corrections （RC） is estimated to be smaller than 0.2%. The Next Leading Order （NLO） radiative corrections proportional to α are treated exactly, whereas the all logarithmically enhanced contributions, related to photon jets emitted in the collinear region, are taken into account in frame of the Structure Function approach. Numerous tests of the MCGPJ as well as a detailed comparison with other MC generators are presented.     

Study of lower emittance dedicated synchrotron radiation mode for the BEPCⅡ

In this paper,a dedicated synchrotron radiation （SR） mode for the BEPCⅡ with an emittance of 85 nm has been designed,including the linear lattice,chromaticity correction and dynamic aperture optimization.The emittance of the new mode is about 60% of the previous mode used for routine operation of the BEPCⅡ .The effect of wigglers on the linear lattice was compensated and the total dynamic aperture including the wigglers’ nonlinear effect was estimated.The preliminary commissioning at the end of 2008 and the formal operation with the new mode confirmed its merits.     

BEPCⅡ直线加速器的束流调试和稳定运行

BEPCⅡ重大改造工程要求将对撞机的峰值亮度提高近百倍,并具有高积分亮度,为此必须对作为注入器的直线加速器进行重大改造,提供高能、强流、小发射度和小能散度的正负电子束,达到高注入速率(正电子50mA/min.)的要求.这对直线加速器各系统和束流调试是一个挑战.在成功建造了新电子源、新正电子源、新微波功率源、相位控制系统和束流轨道测量系统等的基础上,着重叙述了束流参数的调试结果,束流能量、能散度、发射度、传输效率均达到(或优于)设计指标.描述了束流参数稳定性的研究、改进和成功地达到稳定运行.最后简述了新建中的次谐波聚束系统,以进一步提高束流性能和注入速率.