以硫醚为主链的螯合树脂研究——Ⅲ.含硫氰酸根树脂的合成及吸附性能

环硫氯丙烷的均聚物或环硫氯丙烷与环氧氯丙烷的共聚物,在少量二乙烯三胺存在下制得预交联聚合物,将后者与硫氰化钾反应,制得两种侧链带有硫氰酸根的新型螯合树脂。它们对贵金属具有优良的吸附性能和高的吸附选择性。通过X射线光电予能谱初步探讨了树脂对金属离子的螯合作用     

Studies on the synthesis of 5-(p-aminobenzylidene)-rhodanine and its properties

A new analytical reagent 5-(p-aminobenzylidene)-rhodanine (ABR) was synthesized. The acidic dissociation constant of ABR has been determined. The properties, the acid-base behavior of ABR and the reactions of ABR with metallic ions have been studied. The color reactions of the reagent with Pd(II), Au(III), Ag(I), Ru(III), Hg(II) and Cu(II) are studied in detail. The composition of Pd(II)-ABR, Au(III)-ABR and Ag(I)-ABR complexes were discussed.     

New sorbents based on organosilicon guanidine derivatives

Monomeric and polymeric organosilicon derivatives of 1-acetylguanidine, which exhibits sorption properties, were synthesized. The organosilicon polymers prepared were studied as sorbents for heavy [Hg(II)] and noble [Ag(I), Au(III), Rh(III), Pd(II), Pt(IV)] metals. They actively take up platinum group metals and exhibit metallochromic properties by analogy with the starting compound, 1-acetylguanidine. Their interaction with all the elements studied is accompanied by coloration. The initial monomers exhibit similar metallochromic properties.     

Synthesis and characterization of silica gel microspheres encapsulated by salicyclic acid functionalized polystyrene and its adsorption of transition metal ions from aqueous solutions

The present study was undertaken to develop a novel adsorbent for heavy metal ions, and this paper presents the synthesis and characterization of a composite material-silica gel microspheres encapsulated by salicyclic acid functionalized polystyrene (SG-PS-azo-SA) with a core-shell structure. SG-PS-azo-SA was used to investigate the adsorption of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Fe(III), Hg(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Cr(VI), Pd(II), Cu(II), Ag(I), and Au(III) from aqueous solutions. The results revealed that SG-PS-azo-SA has better adsorption capacity for Cu(II), Ag(I) and Au(III). Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to analyze the experimental data, the best interpretation for the experimental data was given by the Langmuir isotherm equation with the maximum adsorption capacity for Cu(II), Ag(I), and Au(III) at 1.288 mmol g⁻¹, 1.850 mmol g⁻¹ and 1.613 mmol g^t-1, respectively. Thus, silica gel encapsulated by salicyclic acid functionalized polystyrene (SG-PS-azo-SA) is favorable and useful for the removal of Cu(II), Ag(I) and Au(III) metal ions.     

Potentiometric titration of Bi, Cu, Cr and V with ferrous sulphate solution in alkaline glycerol medium

Summary A potentiometric method is described for the determination of Bi(III), Cu(II), V(V) and Cr(VI) in alkaline glycerol medium by ferrous sulphate solution. Errors are below ±1.5%. Furthermore, the Fe(II)-glycerol complex is used for the detection of Ag(I), Au(III), Bi(III), Cn(II), Hg(II) and Pd(II).

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Zusammenfassung Ein Verfahren zur potentiometrischen Bestimmung von Bi(III), Cu(II), V(V) und Cr(VI) in alkalischer Glycerinlösung mit Fe(II)-Lösung wird mitgeteilt. Die Fehler liegen unter ± 1,5%. Au\erdem wird eine Nachweismethode für Ag(I), Au(III), Bi(III), Cu(II), Hg(II) und Pd(II) beschrieben, die ebenfalls auf der Reduktion mit Hilfe des Fe(II)-Glycerinkomplexes beruht.

     

以硫醚为主链的螯合树脂研究Ⅳ．含硫代硫酸根、叠氮基树脂的合成及吸附性能

聚环硫氯丙烷或环硫氯丙烷与环氧氯丙烷共聚物，在少量二乙烯三胺存在下制得交联预聚物，将交联预聚物分别与硫代硫酸钠，叠氮化钠反应，制得四种侧链带有硫代硫酸根或叠氮基的新型螯合树脂。它们对贵金属离子具有较高的吸附容量和较好的吸附选择性。     

Fast recovery of Au (III) and Ag(I) via amine-modified zeolitic imidazolate framework-8

In this paper, zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 modified by the ethanediamine (NH₂-ZIF-8) was employed for adsorbing Au (III) and Ag(I) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption capacities of NH₂-ZIF-8 towards Au (III) and Ag(I) were found to be significantly affected by the pH values of the solution. The adsorption kinetics studies show that NH₂-ZIF-8 presents a fast adsorption property towards metals, attaining 93% of adsorption equilibrium uptake for Au (III) within the first 30 min. This phenomenon can be ascribed to the coordination interaction between the amino group and Au (III). The thermodynamic data suggest that the adsorption of NH₂-ZIF-8 towards Au (III) is endothermic process, while that for Ag(I) is exothermic. The maximum adsorption capacities of NH₂-ZIF-8 toward Au (III) and Ag(I) can be achieved to 357 mg·g⁻¹ and 222.25 mg·g⁻¹, respectively. The metal ions interference results show that Cu (II) and Ni (II) hardly have no interference on Au (III) adsorption in e-waste containing 1500 mg·l⁻¹ Cu (II),100 mg·l⁻¹ Ni (II) and 10 mg·l⁻¹ Au (III); while for Ag(I), Cd (II) and Zn (II) have little interference on Ag(I) adsorption in the hybrid solutions containing Ag(I), Ni (II), Cd (II) and Zn (II) with equal concentration (50 mg·l⁻¹), but Ni (II) interference most. The XPS study shows that partial Au (III) was reduced to Au(I), and that Ag(I) was completely reduced to Ag(0) during the adsorption process. The abundant of active sites of NH₂-ZIF-8 containing C=N, N-H, and Zn-OH groups play a key role in the adsorption of Au (III) and Ag(I). In addition, electrostatic interaction can be responsible for the adsorption of Au (III) by NH₂-ZIF-8. The regeneration experiments results show that the adsorption capacities of NH₂-ZIF-8 towards Au (III) and Ag(I) can maintain after three cycles. This work provides a reliable method to improve the adsorption kinetics for metal ions.     

2-Aminobenzothiazole as a gravimetric reagent: Milligram level determination of mercury(II)

Summary 2-Aminobenzothiazole has been used as a gravimetric reagent for the determination of Hg(II) at the milligram level. The interference of Pd(II) and V(V) can be suppressed by oxalate. Ag(I) and Au(III) interfere.

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Zusammenfassung 2-Aminobenzothiazol dient als Fällungsreagens für die gravimetrische Bestimmung von Hg(II) im Milligrammaßstab. Die Störung von Pd(II) und V(V) kann mit Oxalat behoben werden. Ag und Au(III) stören jedoch.

     

Derivatives of 2-thiohydantoin as spectrophotometric analytical reagents-II Condensation at C-5 with aromatic non-pyridine aldehydes

The synthesis, characteristics, properties and reactions with metallic ions of six aromatic derivatives of 2-thiohydantoin have been studied. The reagents exhibit two pK values in aqueous solution, and with Pd(II), Au(III), Ag(I) and Hg(I) and (II), especially with the first, form stable complexes with molar absorptivities adequate for spectrophotometric measurements.     

Influence of some metal ions on oxidation of nadh and on formation of the superoxide anion radical (O(2)(-)), during enzymatic catalysis by E.C. 1.2.3.2 xanthine oxidase

The inhibitory effect of selected metal ions [Ag(I), Hg(II), Cu(II), Cr(VI), V(V), Au(III), T1(I) and Zn(II)], on the xanthine oxidase (XOD) catalysis of xanthine oxidation, has been investigated with reference to the XOD catalysis of oxidation of NADH. Hg(II), Ag(I), Zn(II) and Au(III) act as inhibitors, T1(I) has no effect and Cu(II), Cr(VI) and V(V) act as activators. The formation of O(2)(-) during XOD catalysis of oxidation of either xanthine or NADH has also been studied. All the metal ions considered act as inhibitors with respect to O(2)(-) production when the reducing substrate is xanthine, but only a few of them when the substrate is NADH, the others showing no effect whatsoever whether or not they activate NADH oxidation in the course of the same reaction. Vanadium (V) has an anomalous effect: it inhibits xanthine oxidation but considerably increases NADH oxidation, and thus appears to modify the catalytic properties of the enzyme. This behaviour appears promising as the basis for a kinetic method for determination of V(V).     

Chromatographic separation by a new chelating resin containing β-hydroxydithiocinnamic acid

Summary The distribution coefficients of Ag(I), Au(III), Cd(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Hg(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Pt(IV), and Zn(II) on a new chelating resin containing -hydroxydithiocinnamic acid at various acidity were studied. In the strongly acidic region, the resin shows high affinity for Ag(I), Hg(II), Au(III) and Pt(IV) and high resistance against air oxidation. The effect of diverse foreign ligands on the sorption of metal ions and the possibility of application to speciation studies with this resin were also considered. Some quantitative separations of Cd-Cu-Pb, Cu-Au and Au-Pt with this resin column were described. Detection of the chromatography system was carried out via post column derivatisation of the column effluent with PAR at 520 nm or direct UV detection of the chloride complexes at 215 nm.     

Analytical applications of m- and p-phenylene-di(1-tetrazoline-5-thione) Gravimetric determination of ruthenium(lll) in presence of large amounts of rhodium (III)

A simple and rapid method is described for the gravimetric determination of ruthenium(III) with two new isomeric reagents, m-and p-phenylene-di(1-tetrazoline-5-thione). Solutions containing milligram amounts of ruthenium(III)on treatment with the acetone or alcohol solutions of the reagents at pH 5.5-7.0 give a quantitative yield of an intensely green insoluble 1:1 complex which can be easily filtered off and dried at 110-115 degrees . Amounts of ruthenium down to 0.5 mg can be determined with fairly good accuracy and precision. Even large amounts of rhodium do not cause any interference. The following cations interfere: Pd(II), Pt(IV), Au(III), Ir(IV), Bi, Fe(III), Cu(II), Hg(I), Hg(II), Pb, Cd, T1(I) and Ag.     

Complexes of Ag(I), Hg(I) and Hg(II) with multidentate pyrazolyl-pyridine ligands: From mononuclear complexes to coordination polymers via helicates, a mesocate, a cage and a catenate

The coordination chemistry of a series of di- and tri-nucleating ligands with Ag(I), Hg(I) and Hg(II) has been investigated. Most of the ligands contain two or three N,N'-bidentate chelating pyrazolyl-pyridine units pendant from a central aromatic spacer; one contains three binding sites (2 + 3 + 2-dentate) in a linear sequence. A series of thirteen complexes has been structurally characterised displaying a wide range of structural types. Bis-bidentate bridging ligands react with Ag(I) to give complexes in which Ag(I) is four-coordinate from two bidentate donors, but the complexes can take the form of one-dimensional coordination polymers, or dinuclear complexes (mesocate or helicate). A tris-bidentate triangular ligand forms a complicated two-dimensional coordination network with Ag(I) in which Ag...Ag contacts, as well as metal-ligand coordination bonds, play a significant role. Three dinuclear Hg(I) complexes were isolated which contain an {Hg2}2+ metal-metal bonded core bound to a single bis-bidentate ligand which can span both metal ions. Also characterised were a series of Hg(II) complexes comprising a simple mononuclear four-coordinate Hg(II) complex, a tetrahedral Hg(II)4 cage which incorporates a counter-ion in its central cavity, a trinuclear double helicate, and a trinuclear catenated structure in which two long ligands have spontaneously formed interlocked metallomacrocyclic rings thanks to cyclometallation of two of the Hg(II) centres.     

A chelating resin containing bis(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amine: synthesis and metal-ion uptake properties suitable for analytical application

A new stable chelating resin was synthesized by incorporating the bis(2-benzimidazolyl methyl)amine into Merrifield polymer through CN covalent bond and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and thermal study. The sorption capacity of the newly formed resin for Ag(I), Cu(II), Fe(III), Hg(II) and Pb(II) as a function of pH have been studied. The resin exhibits no affinity for alkali or alkaline earth metals. In column operation it has been observed that Ag(I) in trace quantities can be separated from different complex matrices and Hg(II) can be removed from the river water spiked with Hg(II) at usual pH of natural waters.     

Synthesis and characterisation of morin-functionalised silica gel for the enrichment of some precious metal ions

Silica gel was firstly functionalised with aminopropyltrimethoxysilane obtaining the aminopropylsilica gel (APSG). The APSG was reacted subsequently with morin yielding morin-bonded silica gel (morin-APSG). The structure was investigated and confirmed by elemental and thermogravimetric analyses, IR and (13)C NMR spectral studies. Morin-APSG was found to be highly stable in common organic solvents, acidic medium (<2molL(-1) HCl, HNO(3)) or alkaline medium up to pH 8. The separation and preconcentration of Ag(I), Au(III), Pd(II), Pt(II) and Rh(III) from aqueous medium using morin-APSG was studied. The optimum pH values for the separation of Ag(I), Au(III), Pd(II), Pt(II) and Rh(III) on the sorbent are 5.7, 2.2, 3.7, 3.7 and 6.8, giving rise to separation efficiencies of 43.9, 85.9, 97.7, 60.9 and 91.0%, respectively, where the activity was found to be >90% in the presence of acetate ion. The ion sorption capacity of morin-APSG towards Cu(II) at pH 5.5 was found to be 0.249mmolg(-1) where the sorption capacities of Ag(I) and Pd(II) were 0.087 and 0.121mmolg(-1) and 0.222 and 0.241mmolg(-1) at pH 2.2 and 5.7, respectively. This indicates a 1:1 and 1:2 morin/metal ratios at pH 2.2 and 5.7, respectively. Complete elution of the sorbed metal ions was carried out using 10mL (0.5molL(-1) HCl+0.01molL(-1) thiourea) in case of Au(III), Pd(II), Pt(II) and Rh(III) and 10mL 0.5molL(-1) HNO(3) in case of Ag(I). Morin-APSG was successfully employed in the separation and preconcentration of the investigated precious metal ions from some spiking water samples yielding 100-folds concentration factor. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) and the T-test (|t|(1)) were calculated.     

以硫醚为主链的螯合树脂研究Ⅰ.4-氨基安替吡啉树脂和乙基原磺酸基树脂的合成及吸附性能

聚环硫氯丙烷或环硫氯丙烷与环氧氯丙烷共聚物，在少量二乙烯三胺存在下制得交联预聚物，将交联预聚物与4－氨基安替吡啉（4AAP）或乙基原磺酸钾（PEA）反应，制得四种侧链带氨基安替吡啉，乙基原碘酸基的新型螯合树脂。它们对贵金属具有优良的吸附性能和高的吸附选择性。并通过X－射线光电子能谱初步探讨了树脂对金属离子的螯合作用。     

Selective separation of silver(I) and mercury(II) ions in natural water samples using alumina modified thiouracil derivatives as new solid phase extractors

A simple and reliable solid-phase extraction (SPE) method has been developed to synthesise two new sorbents: 6-propyl-2-thiouracil and 5,6-diamino-2-thiouracil physically loaded onto alumina surface, phases I and II, respectively. The synthesis of these new phases has been confirmed by IR-spectroscopy. The surface concentrations of the organic moieties were determined to be 0.182 and 0.562 mmol g^?1 for phases I and II, respectively. The evaluation of the selectivity and metal uptake properties incorporated in these two alumina phases were also studied and discussed for 10 different metal ions: Ca(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Pb(II) and Ag(I) under different controlling factors. The data obtained clearly indicated that the new SP-extractors have the highest affinity for retention of Hg(II) ions. Selective separation of Hg(II) from Ag(I) as one of the most interfering ion, in addition to the other eight coexisting metal ions under investigation, was achieved successfully using the new sorbents at pH = 9.0 under static conditions. Therefore, Hg(II) exhibits major retention percentage (100.0%) using phase I or II. However, Ag(I) exhibits minor retention percentage equal to 1.33% using phase I and 0.67% using phase II. On the other hand, the retention percentage of the other eight metal ions ranged (0.0–3.08%) using phase I and (0.0–1.54%) using phase II at the same pH. The new phases were applied for separation and determination of trace amounts of Hg(II) and Ag(I) spiked natural water samples using cold vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy with no matrix interference. The high recovery values of Hg(II) and Ag(I) obtained using phases I and II were ranged 98.9 ± 0.1–99.2 ± 0.05% along with a good precision (RSD% 0.01–0.502%, N = 3) demonstrate the accuracy and validity of the new sorbents for separation and determination of Hg(II) and Ag(I).     

Synthesis and characterization of norfloxacin-transition metal complexes (group 11, IB): spectroscopic, thermal, kinetic measurements and biological activity

The investigation of the new structures of Ag(I), Cu(II) and Au(III) complexes, [Ag(2)(Nor)(2)](NO(3))(2), [Cu(Nor)(2)(H(2)O)(2)]SO(4).5H(2)O and [Au(Nor)(2) (H(2)O)(2)]Cl(3) (where, Nor=norfloxacin) was done during the reaction of silver(I), copper(II) and gold(III) ions with norfloxacin drug ligand. Elemental analysis of CHN, infrared, electronic, (1)H NMR and mass spectra, as well as thermo gravimetric analysis (TG and DTG) and conductivity measurements have been used to characterize the isolated complexes. The powder XRD studies confirm the amorphous nature of the complexes. The norfloxacin ligand is coordinated to Ag(I) and Au(III) ions as a neutral monodentate chelating through the N atom of piperidyl ring, but the copper(II) complex is coordinated through the carbonyl oxygen atom (quinolone group) and the oxygen atom of the carboxylic group. The norfloxacin and their metal complexes have been biologically tested, which resulted in norfloxacin complexes showing moderate activity against the gram positive and gram negative bacteria as well as against fungi.     

Histidine as the functional group for a chelating ion exchanger

In the chelating ion exchanger synthesized, the amino group of histidine is attached chemically via the azide method to the carboxyl group of Amberlite IRC-50. A flow system based on a spectrophotometric detector, with 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol as reagent, is described for fast assays of eluted cations. The pH dependence of the metal extraction is reported for Ag(I), Au(III), Cu(II), Fe(III), Hg(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) ions. The resin exhibits no affinity for the alkali or alkaline earth metals. The uptake of traces of the specified elements from synthetic samples by a short (90 mm) column of the histidine-containing resin was in the range 94–100% and the retained metals were readily eluted by means of 2 M hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid. In column operation, mercury was quantitatively recovered even in the presence of large excesses of various ligands. The recoveries of the trace metals were good at the usual pH of natural waters.     

Distribution coefficients and cation-exchange behaviour of some ammines and aquo complexes of metallic elements in ammonium nitrate solution

Comparative cation-exchange distribution coefficients of ammines and aquo complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II), Cd, Zn, Ag, Co(II)/(III), Hg(II), Pd(II), Au(III) and Pt(II) were determined in 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 M ammonium nitrate solution. The values for mercury(II) in ammonium chloride and of the ammine of copper(II) in ammonium citrate and ammonium sulphosalicylate solutions were also measured. The ion-exchange behaviour of the ammines is discussed and some possible separations are demonstrated by the experimental elution curves for the ion pairs Mg-Ni(II), Ca-Zn, Yb-Cd and Fe(III)-Cu(II).