Synthesis of DPIE [2-(1,2-Diphenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine] Derivatives and Their Regulatory Effects on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production in IL-1β-Stimulated Primary Human Oral Cells

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) has diverse physiological functions and plays important roles in health and disease. In this report, we focus on its function in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-8, which are implicated in several autoimmune diseases and host defense against infection. IL-1β activity is markedly dependent on the binding affinity toward IL-1 receptors (IL-1Rs). Several studies have been conducted to identify suitable small molecules that can modulate the interactions between 1L-1β and 1L-1R1. Based on our previous report, where DPIE [2-(1,2-Diphenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine] exhibited such modulatory activity, three types of DPIE derivatives were synthesized by introducing various substituents at the 1, 2, and 3 positions of the indole group in DPIE. To predict a possible binding pose in complex with IL-1R1, a docking simulation was performed. The effect of the chemicals was determined in human gingival fibroblasts (GFs) following IL-1β induction. The DPIE derivatives affected different aspects of cytokine production. Further, a group of the derivatives enabled synergistic pro-inflammatory cytokine production, while another group caused diminished cytokine production compared to DPIE stimulation. Some groups displayed no significant difference after stimulation. These findings indicate that the modification of the indole site could modulate IL-1β:IL1R1 binding affinity to reduce or enhance pro-inflammatory cytokine production.     

Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion-induced liver injury by inhibiting NF-��B activation

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is an important event in the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). The aim of this study is to determine the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on liver injury induced by intestinal I/R in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) a control, sham-operated group (sham group); (2) an intestinal I/R group subjected to 1 h intestinal ischemia and 2 h reperfusion (I/R group); (3) a group treated with 20 mg/kg ginsenoside Rb1 before reperfusion (Rb1-20 group); and (4) a group treated with 40 mg/kg ginsenoside Rb1 before reperfusion (Rb1-40 group). Liver and intestinal histology was observed. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level in serum and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in intestinal tissues were measured. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNF-α, MDA level and immunohistochemical expression of NF-κB and intracellular adhesion molecale-1 (ICAM-1) in liver tissues was assayed. In addition, a western blot analysis of liver NF-κB expression was performed. Results indicated intestinal I/R induced intestinal and liver injury, which was characterized by increase of AST and ALT in serum, MDA level in intestine, MPO, TNF-α and MDA level and ICAM-1 and NF-κB expression in the liver tissues. Ginsenoside Rb1 (20, 40 mg/kg) ameliorated liver injury, decreased MPO, TNF-α and MDA level, NF-κB and ICAM-1 expression in liver tissues. In conclusion, ginsenoside Rb1 ablated liver injury induced by intestinal I/R by inhibiting NF-κB activation.     

Chemoselective hydrosilations. I. Synthesis and photopolymerization of 1-propenyl ether functionalized siloxanes

The synthesis of 1-propenyl ether-functionalized siloxanes (PFS) has been achieved by the controlled, rhodium-catalyzed, chemoselective hydrosilation of 1-allyloxy-4(1-propen-oxy) butane with various H-functional siloxanes. It was shown that the hydrosilation pro-ceeds exclusively at the allyl ether group of 1-allyloxy-4(1-propenoxy) butane without par-ticipation at the 1-propenyl ether group. The photoinduced cationic polymerization of these monomers was studied using various analytical techniques and found to take place very rapidly. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

以1-甲基-1-甲氧基乙基为保护基的一锅法合成5-芳香二酮-1H-四氮唑

报道了5-芳香二酮-1H-四氮唑(2)的一锅合成法,并且首次报道了1-甲基-1-甲氧基乙基作为四氮唑氮原子的保护基团,保护与脱保护反应条件温和,操作简便,收率高,为该类化合物的合成提供了一条捷径.采用该方法共合成6个未见文献报道的5-芳香二酮-1H-四氮唑类新化合物,以用于药理活性筛选.     

高压芒刺静电场对小鼠LFA-1和ICAM-1表达的影响

采用不同电压高压芒刺静电场对小鼠进行全身辐射,荧光免疫流式细胞术检测蛋白表达量的变化.通过时程/量效研究不同电压高压芒刺静电场对细胞表面分子LFA-1和ICAM-1的影响.剂量效应结果表明,LFA-1和ICAM-1在10～20 kV之间处理组的表达量明显高于对照组（P＜0.01）;在30 kV以上电压表达量明显降低（P＜0.05）;时间进程研究结果表明,处理后2 h开始实验组表达量与对照组相比差异显著,一直持续到24 h.不同电压高压芒刺静电场可引起ICAM-1和LFA-1不同的生物效应,二者的相互作用在免疫调节反应中发挥重要功能.     

电子和空间位阻效应促进铱配合物催化1-丁醇经Guerbet反应选择制备2-乙基己醇

2-乙基己醇是一种增塑剂醇,可用于合成增塑剂、表面活性剂和溶剂等诸多化工领域.目前工业上2-乙基己醇的合成是以化石资源丙烯为原料,与氢气和一氧化碳通过氢甲酰化反应制备1-丁醛,后者经羟醛缩合和催化加氢反应生成2-乙基己醇.由生物质发酵产生的1-丁醇为原料,只需要经Guerbet反应可一步直接生成2-乙基己醇.比较而言,Guerbet反应路线步骤更少,且1-丁醇原位脱氢产生的氢为氢源,无需额外氢,因此比化石资源丙烯路线对环境友好.目前,文献报道的非均相催化1-丁醇Guerbet反应条件苛刻(如温度>170 oC),副产物多(如烯烃、醚和高碳醇等),且均相催化剂的活性低.本文报道了一类Cp*Ir(Cp*为1,2,3,4,5-五甲基环戊二烯基)配合物用于该Guerbet反应.当Cp*Ir配合物的配体上修饰给电子基N,N-二甲基氨基和邻羟基时,Cp*Ir配合物的催化活性增强,催化剂的转化数最高达到了14047.当氢氧化钾和Cp*Ir配合物(配体上修饰了N,N-二甲基氨基和邻羟基官能团)在1-丁醇中的浓度分别为1.7 mol％和0.04 wt％时,在130 oC反应48 h,产物2-乙基己醇收率为23.9％,选择性为89.5％.核磁(NMR)研究结果表明,Cp*Ir配合物配体上的邻羟基与氢氧化钾反应脱除质子,生成了羰基结构配体配位的Cp*Ir配合物,继续催化1-丁醇脱氢反应.机理研究表明,中间产物2-乙基己醛α-碳上乙基的位阻效应和2-乙基己烯醛本身的共轭效应抑制了其继续发生羟醛反应,从而提高了目标产物的选择性.     

Synthesis and Electron-Beam Polymerization of 1-Propenyl Ether Functional Siloxanes

Abstract

A novel synthesis of 1-propenyl ether functionalized siloxanes has been achieved by the controlled, rhodium-catalyzed, chemoselective hydrosilation of 1-allyloxy-4(1-propenoxy)butane (APB) with various H-functional siloxanes. Chemoselective hydrosilation using a variety of Si—H functional siloxanes proceeds exclusively at the allyl ether group of the APB without participation at the 1-propenyl ether group. The electron-beam-induced cationic polymerization of these monomers in the presence of a diaryliodonium salt was studied and found to take place very rapidly and at very low radiation doses.     

A practical, two-step synthesis of 1-alkyl-4-aminopyrazoles

A novel synthesis of N1 alkyl-substituted pyrazoles with a free amino group at the C4 position is described. Commercially available 4-nitropyrazole was found to readily undergo Mitsunobu reactions with primary and secondary alcohols. Subsequent reduction of the nitro group via hydrogenation affords 1-alkyl-4-aminopyrazoles, which are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceutically active compounds.     

Thermal oxidation of poly(1-trimethylsilylprop-1-yne) studied by IR spectroscopy

Thermal oxidation of poly(1-trimethylsilylprop-1-yne) was studied by IR spectroscopy in the 20—245 °C temperature interval. In the 20—160 °C temperature range, the reaction proceeds predominantly at the C—Me group as revealed by the decrease in the intensity of the bands of the methyl group bound to the C atom and the appearance of the bands of the hydroperoxide and methylene groups. The decomposition of hydroperoxides produces aldehydes and ethers. At 160—200 °C, oxidation occurs via two routes: at the C—Me and C=C groups, while the Me₃Si group remains unchanged. At 230—240 °C, the rate of the reaction occurring at the C=C bond is higher than the rates of the processes involving the MeC and Me₃Si groups. The relative content of the structural units was calculated for the samples oxidized at different temperatures. Plausible mechanisms of thermal oxidation of poly(1-trimethylsilylprop-1-yne) were considered on the basis of the data obtained.     

Vitamin K1 distribution following intravenous vitamin K1–fat emulsion administration in rats

This study investigated vitamin K₁ (VK₁) distribution following intravenous vitamin K₁–fat emulsion (VK₁–FE) administration and compared it with that after VK₁ injection. Rats were intravenously injected with VK₁–FE or VK₁. The organ and tissue VK₁ concentrations were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography method at 0.5, 2 and 4 h to determine distribution, equilibrium and elimination phases, respectively. In the VK₁–FE group, the plasma, heart and spleen VK₁ concentrations decreased over time. However, other organs like liver, lung, kidney, muscle and testis, reached peak VK₁ concentrations at 2 h. In the VK₁ injection group, the liver VK₁ concentrations were significantly higher than those in other organs at the three time points. However, VK₁ concentrations in the other organs peaked at 2 h. In addition, in VK₁–FE group, the heart, spleen and lung VK₁ concentrations were significantly higher than those in the VK₁ injection group at the three time points, and the liver VK₁ concentration was significantly higher than that in the VK₁ injection group at 4 h. The VK₁ amount was greatest in the liver compared with the other organs. Thus, the liver is the primary organ for VK₁ distribution. The distribution of VK₁ is more rapid when injected as VK₁–FE than as VK₁. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

影响喹诺酮C—4位构效关系的若干因素

喹诺酮类药物是两类重要抗生素之一，此类化合物的结构见图１。虽然喹诺酮不同位置的结构修饰已涌现出许多广谱、高效、低毒性的化疗药物，如诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星等［１］。但对Ｃ－４位的修饰却未能成功：Ｃ－４位酮基被硫酮基、亚胺基取代均使活性消失［２］；...     

Longitudinal Bone Growth Stimulating Effect of Allium macrostemon in Adolescent Female Rats

Allium macrostemon (AM) may affect bone growth by regulating bone formation and resorption. To examine the effect of AM on bone growth, 48 rats were divided into four administration groups in which either distilled water, AM (100 and 300 mg/kg), or recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH; 20 μg/kg) was administered for 10 days. On day 9, all animals were intraperitoneally injected with tetracycline hydrochloride (20 mg/kg), and 48 h after the injection, the rats were sacrificed. Their tibial sections were photographed to measure bone growth. Antigen-specific immunohistochemistry was performed to detect insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). The food intake of the AM 100 mg/kg group was higher; however, the food intake of the AM 300 mg/kg group was less than that of the control group. The rhGH and AM 100 mg/kg groups showed greater rates of bone growth (359.0 ± 23.7 and 373.1 ± 28.0 μm/day, respectively) compared with the control group. IGF-1 and BMP-2 in the AM and rhGH groups were highly expressed. Indigestion at higher doses of AM led to nonsignificant bone growth in spite of increased IGF-1 and BMP-2 expression. Therefore, a suitable amount of AM could increase bone growth.     

螯形主体分子的设计、包结性能及其在细辛挥发油 有效成分选择分离中的应用

设计了两种新的具有螯形骨架的主体分子反式-1,2-二苯基-1,2-苊二醇(1)和顺式-1,2-二(1'-萘基)-1,2-苊二醇(2),主体(1),(2)可与许多有机小分子化合物形成配位包合物。用IR和粉末XRD表征了主体分子(1)和(2)的包结物,用^1NMR测定了包结物的主客体分子摩尔比：(1)·DMF(1:2),(1)·DMSO(1:2),(1)·THF(1:2),(1)·二氧六环(1:1),(1)·吡啶(1:1),(2)·DMF(1:1)和(2)·DMSO(1:1)。单晶X射线衍射分析了包结物的晶体结构,(1)·DMF：空间群Pnaa,a=0.9377(1)nm,b=1.4351(1)nm,c=4.0463(3)nm;(1)·DMSO：空间群Pbcn,a=1.6278(1)nm,b=1.0751(1)nm,c=1.4980(1)nm;(2)·DMF：P2~1/n,a=0.9796(1)nm,b=1.2377(1)nm,c=2.2344(3)nm,β=93.02(1)°;游离主体(1)：空间群P1,a=1.0461(1)nm,b=1.1213(1)nm,c=1.5496(1)nm,α=81.74(1)°,β=75.71(1)°,γ=89.00(1)°;分析了主体分子的刚性和柔韧性对包结性能的影响。并研究了主体分子(1)选择分离细辛挥发油,将顺甲基异丁香酚从挥发油中分离出来。     

(S)-3-苯基-2-氨基丙硫醇盐酸盐的合成

以L 苯丙氨酸为原料经还原反应得到氨基醇,用Boc基团进行氨基保护后得到(S) 3 苯基 2 叔丁氧羰基氨基 1 丙醇,甲磺酰化后与硫代乙酸钾在DMF中反应得到(S) 3 苯基 2 叔丁氧羰基氨基 1 丙硫醇乙酸酯,再分别脱除乙酰基,氨基保护基后得到(S) 3 苯基 2 氨基丙硫醇盐酸盐.并用元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振等手段对中间体和目标化合物进行了表征.     

Synthesis and Molecular Structure of 1-Acetyl-1-（4-iodophenyl）-3-cyclohexylurea

1INTRODUCTION N-acyl urea is an important class of compounds because of their various bioactivities,and they can be used as pesticides[1]and pharmaceuticals[2].On the other hand,many natural products bearing N-acylurea functionality also exhibit the inter…     

1-[4-(1,2,4-三唑-5-硫酮)]-3-对甲氧基苯甲酰基硫脲镍配合物的晶体结构

采用缓慢蒸发法培养出化合物1-[4-(1,2,4-三唑-5-硫酮)]-3-对甲氧基苯甲酰基硫脲镍配合物晶体,并通过X-射线单晶衍射法测定了晶体结构,它为P2/n空间群的单斜晶体,晶胞参数为α=1.2577(2)nm,b=0.88790(17)nm,c=1.2628(2)nm,V=1.3304(4)nm3,R1=0.0291和wR2=0.0694.     

Total synthesis of the aminopropyl functionalized ganglioside GM1

GM1 is a common ganglioside pentasaccharide present on mammalian cell surface.It has been shown to play important roles in cellular communications and initiation of β-amyloid aggregation.In order to synthesize GM1,an efficient synthetic route was developed via a [3+2] strategy.The GM3 trisaccharide acceptor bearing an azido propyl group at the reducing end was prepared using the traditional acetamide protected sialyl thioglycosyl donor,which gave better stereoselectivity than sialyl donors protected with trichloroacetamide or oxazolidinone.The glycosylation of the axial 4-hydroxyl group of GM3 by the disaccharide donor was found to be highly dependent on donor protective groups.Donor bearing the more rigid benzylidene group gave low glycosylation yield.Replacing the benzylidene with acetates led to productive coupling and formation of the fully protected GM1 pentasaccharide.Deprotection of the pentasaccharide produced GM1 functionalized with the aminopropyl side chain,which will be a valuable probe for biological studies.     

SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF STANNOLE DIANION

Reduction of 1-t-butyl-1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylstannole by lithium gave the stannole dianion. Reduction of the bi(1,1-stannole) having a t-butyl group on the tin by lithium also gave the stannole dianion, the formation of which was evidenced by spectral analysis and chemical trapping reaction.     

Crystal Structure of 1,1-Dichloro-4-formyl-3-methyl-1a-phenyl-1a,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1H-azirino〔1,2-a〕〔1,5〕benzodiazepine(C_(18)H_(16)Cl_2N_2O)

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Molecular structure of 1-phenyl-1-fluoro-5-methylquasisilatrane (2-phenyl-2-fluoro-1,3-dioxa-6-aza-6-methyl-2-silacyclooctane)

The crystal and molecular structure of 1-phenyl-1-fluoro-5-methylquasisilatrane PhFSi(OCH₂CH₂)₂NMe was investigated by X-ray diffraction at 100 K. The coordination polyhedron of the silicon atom in the molecule is a slightly distorted trigonal bipyramid containing fluorine and nitrogen atoms in the axial positions and two endocyclic oxygen atoms and the carbon atom of the phenyl group at three vertices of the equatorial plane.