高超声速飞行器前缘流固耦合计算方法研究

对高超声速流场和结构温度场进行了耦合计算分析, 同时基于准静态假设对结构应力进行了分析. 流场部分采用基于非定常Navier-Stokes (N-S)方程的有限体积法, 湍流模型采用SST k-ω 模型, 固体部分采用基于非稳态热传导方程的有限元法, 同时基于准静态假设对固体结构的应力应变进行了分析. 在流固交界面处, 高速流体从固体结构得到温度边界条件, 固体结构从高速流体得到热流边界条件, 从而实现了流场和固体温度场的紧耦合计算.通过与超声速无限长圆管绕流试验结果进行对比, 验证了该方法的可靠性. 同时对二维圆管结构在气动加热过程中的温度、应力等的变化进行了比较详细的分析. 研究结果表明: 随着气动加热时间的推进, 由于圆管结构的高温区在不断扩大, 导致了结构的热变形在不断地增大; 圆管最小变形区出现在θ为60°处; 同时研究发现在计算时间内圆管热变形对外部流场的影响可以忽略不计.     

不规则形状热结构计算中的任意坐标变换和代数网格生成技术

航天器可重复使用防热结构通常需要采用数值模拟,进行外流场和结构热响应的耦合计算。本文针对前缘类热结构的差分计算中,关于不规则（不能用初等函数表示）区域的热响应计算,应用流场计算的思路,探讨了任意坐标变换和代数网格的生成。给出了有关控制方程、边界条件的处理方法,为进一步耦合计算提供了有关基础。     

数值模拟二维槽道内Oldroyd—B流体的流动

提出了一种求解Ｏｌｄｒｏｙｄ－Ｂ流体流动的数值方法。该方法采用有限体积离散，在求解连续方程时引进了Ｃｈｏｒｉｎ的人工可压缩性；求解本构方程时考虑了迎风处理的技巧；离散后的方程采用Ｇａｕｓｓ－Ｓｅｉｄｅｌ线松弛迭代求解全流场。     

射流抛光多相紊流流场的数值模拟

 理论分析了射流抛光的紊动冲击射流特点,构建了射流抛光的垂直冲击射流模型和斜冲击射流模型。根据射流抛光冲击射流的特点,比较各种流体模型后,采用RNG k-e 模型应用于射流抛光模型的计算。利用计算流体力学理论的二阶迎风格式对抛光模型方程离散,用SIMPLEC数值计算方法对射流抛光过程的紊动冲击射流和离散相磨粒分布进行数值模拟,得到了射流抛光过程的连续流场和离散相磨粒与水溶液的耦合流场,同时计算出了抛光液射流在工件壁面上的压力、速度、紊动强度、剪切力分布和磨粒体积质量分布,分析了垂直射流抛光模型和斜冲击射流抛光模型紊流流场的特点。     

贴体坐标系下模型加力室的大涡模拟

本文利用贴体网格对带V形槽稳定器模型加力燃烧室素流化学反应流流动进行大涡模拟的研究。采用区域法生成模型加力燃烧室的二维贴体网格,并采用多区域耦合法进行区域之间的数据传递,求解加力室整体流场。采用k方程亚网格尺度模型和亚网格EBU燃烧模型分别估算其亚网格紊流粘性和化学反应速率,用热通量辐射模型估算辐射通量,并用交错网格下SIMPLE算法和混合差分格式求解离散方程,壁面函数处理固壁边界条件。计算结果显示了稳定器后面的回流区气流结构,所得的热态流场模拟结果与实验比较吻合,表明采用贴体网格对模型加力燃烧室进行大涡模拟能真实反映流体流动及燃烧过程。     

基于CFD/CSD的舵面控制气动弹性数值模拟方法

在动态网格上通过耦合求解流动控制方程和结构动力学方程, 发展了一种舵面控制下飞行器运动响应过程中气动弹性数值模拟研究方法.流动控制方程采用N-S方程, 结构动力学采用线性模态叠加方法, 其中流动控制方程空间离散采用基于非结构网格的有限体积方法, 对流通量采用计算HLLC格式, 非定常时间离散采用基于LU-SGS的双时间步长方法.模拟中, 气动运动和结构变形在双时间步长方法推进过程中采用改进松耦合方法, 气动网格与结构网格之间信息交换采用无限平板样条法实现, 飞行器的运动和变形采用基于重叠网格和Delaunay图映射变形网格相结合的方法进行处理.采用多个考核算例对发展的数值方法进行考核验证, 结果表明该方法可以高效精确模拟舵面开环控制下飞行器运动响应过程中的气动弹性特性.      

管内流速对充液壳输入能量流的影响

分析一弹性薄壁充液圆柱壳，从Fugge壳体方程和均匀流场中的声波方程出发，利用边界条件；推导出声振耦合系统的频散方程。用傅氏变换求得在周向简谐力作用下输入能量流的表达式，并用沿复波数域的纯实轴进行数值积分的方法求得其结果，管内流体流速对结果的影响也进行了讨论与分析。     

风沙运动问题的SPH-FVM耦合方法数值模拟研究

针对离散颗粒模型和欧拉-欧拉双流体模型在求解气粒两相流动问题中存在的不足,提出了一种新方法——SPH-FVM耦合方法,并应用于风沙运动过程的数值模拟计算.新方法基于拟流体模型,采用光滑粒子流体动力学方法(SPH)对离散颗粒相进行求解,追踪单颗粒运动轨迹,采用有限体积法(FVM)求解连续气体相,捕捉流场特性,两相间通过曳力、压力梯度、体积分数等参量进行耦合,建立了两种不同坐标系下方法间的耦合框架.对SPH粒子所承载的物质属性进行了重定义,改造成了适用于离散颗粒相求解的光滑离散颗粒流体动力学模型(SDPH),阐述了SPH粒子与离散相中颗粒之间的关系,推导得到了拟流体SPH离散方程组.模拟了风沙运动中沙粒跃移过程和自由来流风速作用下沙粒的运动过程以及沙丘在风力作用下缓慢向前蠕移的过程,分析了颗粒的运动轨迹,流场中沙粒水平速度分布规律以及气体速度场在沙粒反作用下的变化情况等,与实验结果相符合,结果表明该方法不仅精度较高,而且计算量较小,适于求解风沙运动问题乃至其他气粒两相流动问题.     

基于有限体积方法的复合材料固化过程模拟

传热与固化过程的耦合作用在复合材料成型工艺中具有重要影响。本文基于非结构化网格有限体积法提出一种解决结构形式复杂的复合材料成型过程中各向异性非稳态导热与固化反应动力学耦合问题的算法。各向异性复合材料的导热控制方程空间项采用非结构化网格有限体积法离散,时间项采用欧拉隐格式求解。固化动力学方程采用了欧拉显格式计算,并通过固化反应速率计算出能量方程的热源,同时根据温度分布及其变化更新固化反应速率,实现导热与固化反应的双向耦合。最后,通过文献中的几个经典算例验证了本文方法的正确性和可靠性,同时也表明本文方法可以处理复杂结构形式的复合材料成型过程的传热与化学反应的耦合模拟问题。     

完全耦合层边界条件在圆柱绕流DNS中的应用

数值模拟圆柱绕流问题是计算流体力学和计算气动声学中的一个经典问题,要准确模拟这一类问题,远场无反射边界条件是一个关键环节。本文采用适用于主控方程为Navier-Stokes方程的完全耦合层无反射边界条件对低雷诺数条件下圆柱绕流进行直接数值模拟,研究了计算域大小的选取对数值结果的影响。数值模拟研究表明:(1)由完全耦合层边界条件产生的相对反射误差很小;(2)如果仅是为了获得圆柱附近的流场和声场信息,采用完全耦合层边界条件可以选用较小的计算域;(3)适当增加计算域的上下边界宽度,可以很大程度地减小右边界的宽度,从而在保证精度的情况下减小计算量。     

超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊仿真分析及实验

为解决传统的搅拌摩擦焊工艺存在的轴向压力过大、搅拌头易磨损、焊接表面存在缺陷等问题,设计了一种集搅拌头与夹心式纵扭超声振动换能器为一体的超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊工具头。对超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊工具头进行了模态分析与谐响应分析,确保换能器结构满足要求。应用仿真软件对超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊进行了流体场、温度场和声场仿真分析,验证了在搅拌摩擦焊过程中加入纵扭超声振动能够增强材料的软化率,提高焊接材料的塑性流动。搭建实验平台,进行了6061铝合金的超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊焊接实验。结果表明,纵扭超声的引入能够提高焊接过程中材料流动性,减小搅拌头的前进阻力和轴向压力,改善焊接表面质量。在焊头转速900 r/min、焊接速度1.4 mm/s、轴向压力2.6 kN、超声功率100 W时,焊接效果最好,能较好地应在铝合金、镁合金等焊接熔点比较低的轻金属焊接之中。     

Longitudinal vibration and stability analysis of carbon nanotubes conveying viscous fluid

Nowadays, carbon nanotubes (CNT) play an important role in practical applications in fluidic devices. To this end, researchers have studied various aspects of vibration analysis of a behavior of CNT conveying fluid. In this paper, based on nonlocal elasticity theory, single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is simulated. To investigate and analyze the effect of internal fluid flow on the longitudinal vibration and stability of SWCNT, the equation of motion for longitudinal vibration is obtained by using Navier-Stokes equations. In the governing equation of motion, the interaction of fluid-structure, dynamic and fluid flow velocity along the axial coordinate of the nanotube and the nano-scale effect of the structure are considered. To solve the nonlocal longitudinal vibration equation, the approximate Galerkin method is employed and appropriate simply supported boundary conditions are applied. The results show that the axial vibrations of the nanotubesstrongly depend on the small-size effect. In addition, the fluid flowing in nanotube causes a decrease in the natural frequency of the system. It is obvious that the system natural frequencies reach zero at lower critical flow velocities as the wave number increases. Moreover, the critical flow velocity decreases as the nonlocal parameter increases.     

Investigation of a hybrid approach combining experimental tests and numerical simulations to study vortex-induced vibration in a circular cylinder

In this study, a hybrid approach based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to investigate the aerodynamic forces associated with vortex-induced vibration (VIV) in a circular cylinder. The circular cylinder and the flow field were considered as two substructures of a system. Circular cylinder motion was produced in a wind tunnel test of the VIV prior to the numerical simulation; this motion was used as a known cylinder boundary condition and applied to the flow field. The flow field with the known moving boundary condition was then numerically simulated by the ANSYS CFX code. The transient aerodynamic coefficients of the circular cylinder with predetermined motion were obtained from the numerical simulation. To verify the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed hybrid approach and to calculate cylinder vibrations, the transient aerodynamic coefficients were applied to a single degree of freedom (SDOF) model of the circular cylinder. The oscillation responses of the circular cylinder from the calculated (SDOF model) and experimental results were compared, and the results indicate that the hybrid approach accurately simulated the transient aerodynamic coefficients of the circular cylinder. For further comparison, a nonlinear aerodynamic coefficient model based on a nonlinear least square technique was applied to the SDOF model. The nonlinear aerodynamic model can predict well the amplitude and lock-in region of the VIV of the circular cylinder model.     

超声振动对光学玻璃加工的锯切力特征研究

超声振动辅助方法已在各种硬脆性材料的加工工艺中得以应用,其优异的加工能力和效果已得到广泛证明。本研究中通过采集有无超声振动条件下锯切光学玻璃的平均锯切力以及单颗金刚石磨粒划擦实验下的力信号,对不同工艺条件下的平均锯切力、单颗磨粒受力特征进行分析。同时通过扫描电镜观察对应力信号下工件与工具加工后表面形貌,进一步通过超声振动下材料去除机理解释超声振动对锯切力影响。结果表明：与传统锯切工艺相比,超声振动辅助使得单颗磨粒划擦过程中的受力降低引起平均锯切力的降低;超声振动改变普通锯切下材料的去除方式;同时可使工具保持良好的锯切状态,降低光学玻璃材料的锯切力比,改善其可加工性。     

超声振动对于激光烧蚀铝表面温度场仿真分析

针对超声振动对于激光烧蚀铝表面温度场的影响,建立了三维数值模型,利用ANSYS软件对超声振动辅助激光烧蚀金属铝的温度场进行了数值模拟。通过对比不同激光扫描速度、超声振动频率下激光相邻两个光斑温度场随时间的变化,发现相邻光斑的温度、尺寸以及位置均发生改变。数值研究表明,随着激光扫描速度的增加,激光扫描到相同位置的最大温度降低,而且凹坑的深度逐渐变浅;由于超声振动引起的介质分子位移,当超声振动频率为15 kHz时,凹坑温度发生了明显的下降且凹坑位置在振动方向发生了错位,这有利于产生新的激光作用轨迹。     

Autoresonant control of nonlinear mode in ultrasonic transducer for machining applications

Experiments conducted in several countries have shown that the improvement of machining quality can be promoted through conversion of the cutting process into one involving controllable high-frequency vibration at the cutting zone. This is achieved through the generation and maintenance of ultrasonic vibration of the cutting tool to alter the fracture process of work-piece material cutting to one in which loading of the materials at the tool tip is incremental, repetitive and controlled. It was shown that excitation of the high-frequency vibro-impact mode of the tool-workpiece interaction is the most effective way of ultrasonic influence on the dynamic characteristics of machining. The exploitation of this nonlinear mode needs a new method of adaptive control for excitation and stabilisation of ultrasonic vibration known as autoresonance. An approach has been developed to design an autoresonant ultrasonic cutting unit as an oscillating system with an intelligent electronic feedback controlling self-excitation in the entire mechatronic system. The feedback produces the exciting force by means of transformation and amplification of the motion signal. This allows realisation for robust control of fine resonant tuning to bring the nonlinear high Q-factor systems into technological application. The autoresonant control provides the possibility of self-tuning and self-adaptation mechanisms for the system to keep the nonlinear resonant mode of oscillation under unpredictable variation of load, structure and parameters. This allows simple regulation of intensity of the process whilst keeping maximum efficiency at all times. An autoresonant system with supervisory computer control was developed, tested and used for the control of the piezoelectric transducer during ultrasonically assisted cutting. The system has been developed as combined analog-digital, where analog devices process the control signal, and parameters of the devices are controlled digitally by computer. The system was applied for advanced machining of aviation materials.     

Effects of high power ultrasonic vibration on the cold compaction of titanium

Titanium has widely been used in chemical and aerospace industries. In order to overcome the drawbacks of cold compaction of titanium, the process was assisted by an ultrasonic vibration system. For this purpose, a uniaxial ultrasonic assisted cold powder compaction system was designed and fabricated. The process variables were powder size, compaction pressure and initial powder compact thickness. Density, friction force, ejection force and spring back of the fabricated samples were measured and studied. The density was observed to improve under the action of ultrasonic vibration. Fine size powders showed better results of consolidation while using ultrasonic vibration. Under the ultrasonic action, it is thought that the friction forces between the die walls and the particles and those friction forces among the powder particles are reduced. Spring back and ejection force didn’t considerably change when using ultrasonic vibration.     

A differentially interpolated direct forcing immersed boundary method for predicting incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in time-varying complex geometries

A dispersion-relation-preserving dual-compact scheme developed in Cartesian grids is applied together with the immersed boundary method to solve the flow equations in irregular and time-varying domains. The artificial momentum forcing term applied at certain points in cells containing fluid and solid allows an imposition of velocity condition to account for the motion of solid body. We develop in this study a differential-based interpolation scheme which can be easily extended to three-dimensional simulation. The results simulated from the proposed immersed boundary method agree well with other numerical and experimental results for the chosen benchmark problems. The accuracy and fidelity of the IB flow solver developed to predict flows with irregular boundaries are therefore demonstrated.     

A New Method for Analysis of the Fluid Interaction with a Deformable Membrane

The lattice Boltzmann cellular automaton method has been successfully extended for analysis of fluid interactions with a deformable membrane or web. The hydrodynamic forces on the solid web are obtained through computation of the fluid flow stress at the moving boundary using the lattice Boltzmann method. Analysis of solid boundary deformation or vibration due to hydrodynamic force is based on Newtonian dynamics and a molecular dynamic type approach.     

基于浸入边界-多松弛时间格子玻尔兹曼通量求解法的流固耦合算法研究

针对流固耦合问题,发展了基于浸入边界-多松弛时间格子玻尔兹曼通量求解法(immersed boundary method multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann flux solver,IB-MRT-LBFS)的弱耦合算法.依据多尺度Chapman-Enskog展开,建立不可压宏观方程状态变量和通量与格子玻尔兹曼方程中粒子密度分布函数之间的关系;采用强制浸入边界法处理流固界面使固壁表面满足无滑移边界条件,根据修正的速度求解动量方程力源项;结构运动方程采用四阶龙格-库塔法求解.格子模型与浸入边界法的引入使流固耦合计算可以在笛卡尔网格下进行,无需生成贴体网格及运用动网格技术,简化了计算过程.数值模拟了单圆柱横向涡激振动、单圆柱及串列双圆柱双自由度涡激振动问题.结果表明,IB-MRT-LBFS能够准确预测圆柱涡激振动的锁定区间、振动响应、受力情况以及捕捉尾流场结构形态,验证了该算法在求解流固耦合问题的有效性和可行性.