PHOSPHORESCENCE LIFETIME STUDIES OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SERUM ALBUMINS AND SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE

Binding of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) in aqueous solutions at room temperature induces significant changes in the phosphorescence lifetime of tryptophan (Trp) residues. A steep rise of the phosphorescence lifetime from 1.9 ms to 10.0 ms for BSA and from 1.9 ms to 5.5 ms for HSA is observed when the total SDS concentration increased from 0.0 mM to 0.22 mM at 1 mg/mL protein concentration. As the total SDS concentrationis further inccreased to 2.2 mM, a slower increase in the phosphorescence lifetime is observed, from 10.0 ms to 19.5 ms for BSA and from 5.5 ms to 7.2 ms for HSA. It appears that the phosphorescence lifetime modifications are mainly due to an increase of protein matrix rigidity around Trp residues. The observed differences (between HSA and BSA) allow us to distinguish the contribution of the two Trp residues to the BSA phosphorescence.     

重氮树脂与十二烷基硫酸钠相互作用研究

重氮树脂与十二烷基硫酸钠相互作用研究罗杨磊曹维孝（北京大学化学与分子工程学院北京１００８７１）关键词重氮树脂，十二烷基硫酸钠，负性ＰＳ版随着化学与生命科学领域的发展，大分子与小分子在溶液的相互作用越来越受到关注．表面活性剂因其具有自组装能力，...     

DESTABILIZATION OF OIL-IN-WATER EMULSION WITH INORGANIC ELECTROLYTES IN THE ABSENCE AND IN THE PRESENCE OF SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE

ABSTRACT

The coagulation concentrations of Na⁺, Ba²⁺, and La³⁺ in the absence of SDS were analyzed in terms of the DLVO theory. The Hamaker constant obtained was larger by one order of magnitude than that available in the literature on the basis of the Lifshitz theory. An explanation of this discrepancy was given by taking into account the hydrophobic interaction between oil droplets in aqueous media. Coagulation of decane particles with Na in the presence of SDS (1 × 10^?3M) was interpreted qualitatively in terms of the DLVO theory in which the adsorbed layer effect was taken into account. The critical adsorption density of SDS at which no coalescence of aml1sion takes place was found to be 3.3 × 10^?10mol cm^?2. Electrokinetic adsorption densities of SDS were found to be smaller than those obtained from the interfacial tension vs. concentration data.     

芘为荧光探针研究SDS/H2O二元体系的热相变

以芘作为荧光探针, 对十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)40 g%的水溶液在-20 ℃～30 ℃温区的相变进行了研究。该二元体系的主要相变是凝聚胶-液晶的转变, 测定其相变温度为20 ℃。自由水形成的冰层在0 ℃融化, 由此导致在化冰前后体系呈现出不同的凝聚胶相。在-17 ℃退火处理, 体系出现了新的凝聚胶相。以上出现的各相均可由I_E/I_M值清楚地表征, 从而首次证实了这种探针方法为一种成功的膜模拟体系相变的研究手段。     

IDENTIFICATION OF TRYPTIC CHROMOPEPTIDES OF PHYTOCHROME ON SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE GELS: IMPLICATIONS FOR STRUCTURE

Abstract— After electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels, bleached chromopeptides of phytochrome can have their blue color restored by soaking the gels in 20% trichloroacetic acid. The blue bands have a broad absorption maximum between 630 and 655 nm, characteristic of denatured phytochrome. The restored color retains most of its intensity for up to 2 h, but gradually bleaches again until it disappears completely within 24 h. This visualization method is used to identify the number and sizes of phytochrome chromopeptides produced by limited tryptic digestion. The results reveal some structural requirements for photoreversibility and are consistent with a model of phytochrome structure that predicts a high degree of symmetry within the native subunit.     

KINETICS OF FLUORESCENCE FADING OF ACRIDINE ORANGE-HEPARIN COMPLEXES IN SOLUTION

Abstract— The irreversible photochemical fading of fluorescence of acridine orange-heparin complexes indicates that fading involves the reaction of a "reactive" excited bound dye dimer with one in the ground state. A kinetic parameter, r ", is derived, which has a constant value over a considerable range of conditions, and which is directly related to rate constants for photophysical and photochemical processes. This parameter appears to be characteristic for heparin and may serve to identify it in the presence of other glycosaminoglycans.     

十二烷基硫酸钠油水体系液膜振荡及其与无机酸的影响

十二烷基硫酸钠油水体系液膜振荡及其与无机酸的影响吴英（贵州农学院基础部贵阳５５００２５）关键词十二烷基硫酸钠，液膜，电势振荡，无机酸本文研究了蔗糖（ａｑ）／１．１０邻菲啉十硝基乙烷／十二烷基硫酸钠（ａｑ）十乙醇液膜振荡体系，获得有规律的界面电势振荡曲...     

吖啶橙催化荧光光度法测定痕量亚硝酸根

在盐酸介质中,亚硝酸根催化溴酸钾氧化吖啶橙,使得吖啶橙在激发波长为492 nm,发射波长为538 nm处的荧光强度明显下降,从而建立了催化荧光光度法测定痕量亚硝酸根的方法,线性范围为2.0×10-6~60×10-6g.L-1,检出限为1.62×10-6g.L-1。相对标准偏差小于5%,回收率在96%~105%之间。方法用于水中痕量亚硝酸根的测定。     

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SUB-MICELLAR SPECIES IN MIXED SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS I: MIXTURES OF SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE AND AN ALKYL POLYETHOXY SULFATE

The formation of micelles and the composition and concentration of sub-micellar components of surfactant solutions was studied for sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), alkyl polyethoxy (average of 7 EO) sulfate (AEOS 7EO) and mixtures of these two anionic surfactants both above and below the critical micelle concentrations (c.m.c). Radiolabeled surfactant was added to the solutions to follow the concentration and identity of the components. To separate micelles from sub-micellar components, an Amicon microfiltration apparatus containing either a 2, 5, or 30 thousand molecular weight cut off membrane was used. Results using a hydrophobic fluorescent probe demonstrated minimal disruption of the micelles during separation. Separations for single surfactants showed breaks in the concentration curves at the c.m.c. The observed sub-micellar composition and concentration were evidence of non-ideal behavior. Concentration dependence and surfactant selectivity in micellization (the “micro c.m.c.”phenomena) is described. This previously undocumented behavior reveals that the compositions of micelles and the sub-micellar phase for mixed surfactant systems do not reflect the composition of the original solution mixture.     

INFLUENCE OF 1,3-BUTYLENEGLYCOL ON THE FORMATION OF MICROEMULSIONS OAV IN THE SYSTEM WITH WATER,SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE AND PENTANOL

The influence that 1,3-butyleneglycol incorporated as polar cosolvent in the aqueous phase determine on the O/ W micromulsion region of the classical system water/ sodium dodecyl sulfate/ pentanol/ heptane, has been studied. Phase diagrams corresponding to aqueous phases made of water/ butyleneglycol in ratios 907sol; 10 and 75/ 25 are compared with the typical system with water.The resulting increase on the OAV microemulsion region for the systems including the glycol, provides a security margin to prepare such compositions with respect to the narrow channel of solubility described for the conventional system. Although the presence of butyleneglycol lead to a shift in the optimal ratio between the aqueous phase and SDS from the 85/ 15 described for the typical system to higher proportions in surfactant, the simplicity of preparation of such O/W microemulsions could compensate the higher amount of SDS required     

RESOLUTION OF SPECTRAL AND LIFETIME HETEROGENEITY OF TRYPTOPHAN FLUORESCENCE IN BACTERIORHODOPSIN

Abstract— The picosecond time-resolved fluorescence decay of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) was analyzed by the maximum entropy method. Results showed five distributions of lifetimes indicating at least five decay components. A wavelength-dependent study of emission decay of BR was carried out in the wavelength region from 310 to 390 nm. The decay at each wavelength was resolvable into four decay components by the discrete exponential analysis. The three short lifetime components (100 ± 20 ps, 400 ± 50 ps and 1.0 ± 0.1 ns) were independent of wavelength, whereas the longest lifetime component was wavelength dependent (varying from 4.1 ns at 310 nm to 5.7 ns at 390 nm). These results are inconsistent with the existing model of associating the fluorescence of bacteriorhodopsin with two or four lifetime components. An attempt is made to associate the five decay components with the emitting tryptophans of BR.     

可见吸收光谱线型参数分析法测定十二烷基硫酸钠临界胶束浓度

于浓度相同的结晶紫（CV）溶液中,加入不同浓度的十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）组成一系列含有相同浓度CV和不同浓度SDS的混合溶液。在可见光区内对每一混合溶液测定其吸收值时,可见随SDS浓度的逐步递增,在CV-单聚体吸收峰的吸收值逐渐减少;而在CV-二聚体吸收峰的吸收值逐渐增加,且随CV-二聚体浓度增加而出现的CV-二聚体与CV-单聚体的吸收光谱线相互严重重叠,光谱形状也发生渐变。运用分光光度计所配备的Origin 7．5软件中储存的高斯多峰拟合法,可自动进行重叠光谱的解析和各光谱参数（包括y0,A1,A2,ω1,ω2,xc1及xc2）的拟合计算。文中还证示,每一参数与SDS浓度之间有明显的相关性,在两者之间所作的曲线上可找到明显的转折点,与转折点相对应的、在横坐标上的SDS浓度值即为SDS的临界胶束浓度（CMC）值。文中首次报道了用吸收光谱的半峰宽对SDS浓度作图所得曲线上的转折点求得SDS的CMC值。     

4-乙烯基吡啶 - 苯乙烯共聚物正离子与十二基烷基硫酸钠相互作用研究

４ 乙烯基吡啶 苯乙烯共聚物正离子与十二基烷基硫酸钠相互作用研究郑晓亮曹维孝（北京大学化学与分子工程学院北京１００８７１）关键词４ 乙烯基吡啶 苯乙烯共聚物正离子，十二烷基硫酸钠，疏水相互作用，胶束交联水溶性聚合体尤其是聚电解质与表面活性剂相互...     

FLUORESCENCE LIFETIME AND QUANTUM YIELD OF PHENYLALANINE AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS. TEMPERATURE AND CONCENTRATION EFFECTS

Abstract— –The influence of concentration and temperature on the fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime (measured by a monophoton technique) of phenylalanine is studied in neutral aqueous solutions (8 × 10^-4-10^-1 M ) over the temperature range 0–70°C. The rate constants for emission, internal conversion and intersystem crossing are evaluated and show that both non radiative processes contribute efficiently to the deactivation of the singlet state. Evidence for excited dimer formation at high concentration is presented. The binding energy of excimers was found to be 0.19 e V.     

十二烷基硫酸钠对多壁碳纳米管/聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯复合材料性能的影响

用十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)作为一种改性剂处理多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT),SDS处理后的MWCNT命名为SCNT,并采用微型挤出机和微型注塑机分别制备了MWCNT/PET和SCNT/PET复合材料.从材料的微观结构,导电性能,结晶性能和机械性能等角度,研究了SDS对MWCNT/PET复合材料性能的影响.结果表明,SDS处...     

A FLASH PHOTOLYSIS STUDY OF THE TRIPLET STATE OF ACRIDINE ORANGE IN BASIC SOLVENTS

Abstract— Photochemical reactions of acridine orange (AO) in basic aqueous and ethanolic solutions were studied using the flash photolysis technique. The absorption spectrum of AO was determined in detail (230–900 nm) and extinction coefficients were obtained. The decay of the triplet state is the result of a first order process, a triplet-triplet annihilation process and a quenching by the dye in the ground state. The main part of the triplet decays to the ground state; however the observation of semi-reduced AO shows that the decay is partly due to chemical reactions.
An efficient reversible reaction is observed on flashing aqueous solutions of AO containing tetramethyl- p -phenylenediamine: semi-reduced AO is formed in high yield by reaction between the triplet dye and the diamine. In addition, irreversible reactions of AO occur; these are shown to be due to the triplet state by the method of triplet energy transfer.     

PHASE BEHAVIOR OF DILUTE SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE-HEXANOL-BRINE SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT

Dilute aqueous “solutions” of anionic surfactants injected during enhanced oil recovery processes usually contain liquid crystalline material. Phase behavior has been studied in a model system containing sodium chloride brine with surfactant, alcohol, and salt contents maintained below 6, 10, and 3 weight percent respectively. Pseudoternary phase diagrams at constant salinities are used to represent the results. Some interpretation of the results is given in terms of micellar shape transformations produced by changes in the relative hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of surfactant-alcohol mixtures.     

FLUORESCENCE LIFETIME STUDY OF THE DENATURATION OF RIBONUCLEASE-A

Abstract. Fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime measurements of the tyrosine residues in ribonuclease-A (RNase) were used to study the conformational changes involved in the denaturation of the enzyme. Measurements were done on RNase and on selectively acetylated RNase in the native, the partly denatured (reductive cleavage of S-S bridges or treatment with 8 M urea) and in the fully denatured state. The data were interpreted to mean that the opening of the S-S bridges causes large parts of the enzyme chain to unfold while leaving a hydrophobic region; including one of the tyrosine residues, intact. The biological activity of RNase is destroyed by this unfolding. Urea apparently does penetrate the protein coil but does not greatly affect the RNase structure since some of its biological activity is still retained. The opening of the S-S bridges in the presence of urea destroys the native conformation (and biological activity) completely leaving the protein in the form of an uncoiled polypeptide chain. It is suggested which parts of the protein structure might be affected by partial denaturation.     

PHOTOOXIDATIVE DAMAGE TO LYSOSOMES OF CULTURED MACROPHAGES BY ACRIDINE ORANGE

Cultured cells accumulate acridine orange (AO), which is a weak basic dye and a photosensitizer, in lysosomes and other acidic compartments. During exposure to blue light, AO-loaded macrophages show decreasing red granular fluorescence and increasing green diffuse fluorescence. This is hypothesized to represent peroxidative damage to lysosomal membranes resulting in an impaired proton gradient with deprotonation of the AO to its uncharged form and subsequent leakage of the dye. Further damage to the lysosomal membranes will result in release of lytic enzymes from the lysosomal compartment into the cytosol, leading to degeneration and finally cell death. The survival of AO-loaded and light-exposed macrophages is controllable by varying the exposure times to blue light. Inhibition of lysosomal proteases by E-64 results in increased cell survival after AO and blue light-mediated damage, indicating a role of proteolytic enzymes in this type of damage. Morphological analysis shows 'rounding up' with formation of retraction fibrils and pronounced plasma membrane blebbing. The formation of autophagic vacuoles is an early and pronounced event. After protease inhibition, however, all these phenomena are inhibitable to a considerable degree. We have thus directed photooxidative damage selectively to lysosomal membranes and their contents. This technique will allow further detailed studies of the role of lysosomes in degeneration-regeneration processes.     

PRIMARY PHOTOCHEMICAL PROCESSES OF CATIONIC ACRIDINE ORANGE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION STUDIED BY FLASH PHOTOLYSIS

Abstract— A transformation system in Escherichia coli was employed to verify the extent of the lesions caused by ultraviolet (UV) and ionizing radiations. DNA inactivated at 280 nm could be reactivated to some extent by exposing the transforming DNA solutions at 240 nm. This reactivation has been tested using more than one strain of E. coli as recipient. Transforming DNA inactivated by ionizing radiations (⁹⁰Sr beta rays and ⁶⁰Co gamma rays) was not reactivable. Low doses of beta rays, however, reactivated the DNA inactivated by 280 nm UV to a slight but significant extent.