Generation and tandem reactions of 1-alkenyl-1,1-heterobimetallics: practical and versatile reagents for organic synthesis

A practical and straightforward method for generation of versatile 1-alkenyl-1,1-heterobimetallic intermediates and their application to construction of functionalized building blocks are disclosed. Beginning with readily available air-stable 1-alkynyl-1-boronate esters, hydroboration with dicyclohexylborane generates 1-alkenyl-1,1-diboro species. In situ transmetallation with dialkylzinc reagents furnishes 1-alkenyl-1,1-heterobimetallic intermediates. Direct treatment with aldehydes followed by workup allows isolation of B(pin)-substituted allylic alcohols in 70-95% yield. The B(pin)-substituted allylic alcohols react with NBS to afford (E)-alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes in 51-77% yield via a semipinacol-type rearrangement. In situ treatment of 1-alkenyl-1,1-heterobimetallic intermediates with aldehydes followed by TBHP oxidation enables the preparation of alpha-hydroxy ketones. Under optimized conditions, addition of 1-alkenyl-1,1-heterobimetallic intermediates to a variety of protected alpha- and beta-hydroxy aldehydes proceeds with good to excellent control over diastereoselectivity to furnish differentially protected dihydroxy ketones. The 1-alkenyl-1,1-heterobimetallic intermediates have also been employed in tandem aldehyde addition/Suzuki cross-coupling reactions to provide densely functionalized allylic alcohols in good to excellent yields.     

On the Mechanism of Intramolecular Cyclization of Dialkyl(2-propynyl)[3-alkenyl(or aryl)-2-propynyl]-ammonium Salts

Given are experimental data indicating that base-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of ammonium salts containing a 2-propynyl-like group together with a 3-alkenyl- or 3-aryl-2-propynyl group follows a concerted mechanism involving the 3-alkenyl- or 3-aryl-2-propynyl moiety as π⁴-fragment.__________Translated from Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, Vol. 41, No. 3, 2005, pp. 369–371.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by E. Chukhadzhyan, Gevorkyan, El. Chukhadzhyan, Kinoyan.     

Synthesis and some transformations of 2-alkenyl-4-alkoxymethylbutanolides

The alkylation of 4-alkoxymethyl-2-ethoxycarbonylbutanolides led to the formation of 2-alkenyl-4-alkoxymethyl-2-ethoxycarbonylbutanolides which at alkaline hydrolysis provided new 2-alkenyl-4-alkoxymethylbutanolides. By oxidation of the latter with a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid 4-alkoxymethyl-2-(2-R-2,3-dihydroxy)propylbutanolides were obtained. The diololactones were shown to suffer under the conditions of the pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement a conversion into previously unknown formyl-and epoxylactones.     

Mercury in organic chemistry. 35. Synthesis of vinylic lactones from vinylmercurials and alkenoic acids via intramolecular π-allylpalladium displacement

The reaction of vinylmercuric chlorides, Li₂PdCl₄ and 3-butenoic or 4-pentenoic acids, followed by refluxing with K₂CO₃, affords high yields of the corresponding γ-alkenyl-γ-butyro- or δ-alkenyl-δ-valerolactones by an intramolecular π-allylpalladium displacement process.     

Synthesis of 1-alkenyl-3,5-dichloro-1,2,4-triazoles and investigation of their nitration by nitric acid

A method for obtaining 1-alkenyl-3,5-dichloro-1,2,4-triazoles by alkylation of 3,5-dichloro-1,2,4-triazole with chloro- and bromoalkenes was developed. The nitration of 1-alkenyl-3,5-dichloro-1,2,4-triazoles takes place at the double bond of the alkenyl radical; the concentration of the HNO₃ and the percentage of nitrogen oxides in it affect the character and yields of the products.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 7, pp. 933–936, July, 1987.     

Bi(OTf)3-Catalyzed Intramolecular Amination of Triazenylaryl Allylic Alcohols: A Stereoselective,High-Yield Synthesis of (E)-3-Alkenyl 2H-indazoles

An efficient Bi(OTf)₃-catalyzed synthesis of 3-alkenyl-2-pyrrolidine-2H-indazoles from triazenylaryl allylic alcohols via the intramolecular direct amination process is reported. Compared with the dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid (DBSA)-catalyzed method, the new method is more efficient and gives greater yields and functionality tolerance. Additionally, the 3-alkenyl-2-pyrrolidine-2H-indazoles can be transformed to a series of new products under different reaction conditions.     

Synthesis of 1-alkyl and 1,3-dialkyl-2-benzimidazolones from 1-alkenyl-2-benzimidazolones using phase-transfer catalysis technique

A general synthetic route to 1-alkyl and 1,3-dialkyl-2-benzimidazolones from 1-alkenyl-2-benzimidazolones using phase-transfer catalysis conditions is described.     

Acid catalyzed intramolecular 2-aza-1,3-diene Diels-Alder cyclization processes

Preparation and acid-catalyzed Diels-Alder cyclizations of a 1-alkenyl-2-aza- 1,3-diene have been explored.     

Synthesis of 3-alkenyl-2-arylchromones and 2,3-dialkenylchromones via acid-catalysed retro-Michael ring opening of 3-acylchroman-4-ones

3-Acylchromones and 3-acylflavones, readily available by acylation of 2′-hydroxydibenzoylmethane with acid anhydrides in the presence of base, undergo efficient conjugate reduction with NaBH₄ in pyridine to give the corresponding chroman-4-ones/flavanones in high yields. The reduction is both regio- and chemoselective. Treatment of the chroman-4-ones with MeSO₃H generates the 3-alkenyl-2-arylchromones by a dehydrative rearrangement initiated by retro-Michael cleavage of the pyranone ring. This reduction-rearrangement sequence can be extended to 2-alkyl-3-alkenoylchromones to generate 3-alkenyl-2-styrylchromones, the first examples of 2,3-dialkenylchromones.     

Dehydration Rearrangements of Derivatives of Methylenedihydrobenzofuran - a New Path to Substituted Benzofurans

When heated with acidic agents derivatives of 3-amino-2-(hydroxydialkylmethyl)methylene-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran undergo rapid dehydration and rearrangement to substituted 2-alkenyl-3-aminobenzofurans.     

Dialkylborane-Catalyzed Hydroboration of Alkynes with 1,3,2-Benzodioxaborole in Tetrahydrofuran

Dialkylborane catalyzed hydroboration of alkynes with an equimolar amount of 1,3,2-benzodioxaborole in tetrahydrofuran efficiently to provide 2-alkenyl-1,3,2-benzodioxaborole under mild reaction conditions.     

Stereodivergent synthesis of chiral 2-alkenylaziridines: palladium(0)-catalyzed 2,3-cis-selective aziridination and base-mediated 2,3-trans-selective aziridination

Whereas treatment of the allylic mesylates of N-protected 2-alkyl-4-amino-(E)-2-alken-1-ols with sodium hydride in DMF yields exclusively the corresponding thermodynamically less stable 2,3-trans-2-alkenyl-3-alkylaziridines, exposure of the methyl carbonates of N-protected 2-alkyl-4-amino-(E)-2-alken-1-ols to a catalytic amount of Pd(PPh(3))(4) in THF or 1,4-dioxane affords predominantly the corresponding thermodynamically more stable 2,3-cis-2-alkenyl-3-alkylaziridines. The kinetically favored trans-selective aziridination would be attributed to the allylic 1,3-strain in aza-anionic intermediates. The conformational analysis of the sterically highly congested 2-alkenylaziridines thus obtained is also presented.     

Reactivity of (2-alkenyl-3-pentene-1,5-diyl)iron complexes: preparation of functionalized vinylcyclopropanes and cycloheptadienes

The reactivity of (2-alkenyl-3-pentene-1,5-diyl)iron complexes toward olefin metathesis, cycloaddition, and mild oxidations (MnO 2 or mCPBA) was examined. Cycloaddition reactions were observed to occur with modest diastereoselectivity (33-63% de). Decomplexation of the (3-pentenediyl) ligand may be accomplished by oxidation with either CAN or alkaline hydrogen peroxide to afford vinylcyclopropanecarboxylates or divinylcyclopropanecarboxylates. Reduction of the latter, followed by Cope rearrangement generates cycloheptadienylmethanols. These studies demonstrate that (2-alkenyl-3-pentene-1,5-diyl)iron complexes can serve as organometallic scaffolds for the preparation of a wide variety of structural motifs containing up to 5 contiguous stereocenters.     

Synthesis of some 3-alkenyl-4-oxo-1-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-1H,4H, -pyrano[2,3-C]pyrazole derivatives

The title compounds were prepared from 3-alkenyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one derivatives and α,β-unsaturated acyl chlorides as potential cardiotonic agents.     

Synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted pyrazines and quinoxalines by Heck cross-coupling reactions of 2,3-dichloropyrazine and 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline. Influence of the temperature on the product distribution

Heck cross-coupling reactions of 2,3-dichloropyrazine provide a convenient approach to 2,3-dialkenyl-, 2-alkenyl-3-alkyl-, and 2,3-dialkylpyrazines depending on the reaction conditions.     

Synthesis of 5-Alkenyl-2′-Deoxyuridines Via Organostannanes

The palladium-catalysed coupling of 3,5 Di-O-p-toluoyl-5-iodo-2′ -deoxyuridine with functionalized and non-functionalized alkenylstannanes gave moderate to good yields of the corresponding 5-alkenyl-2 -deoxyuridines.     

Highly regio- and stereoselective ring-opening reaction of γ-alkenyl-γ-butyrolactones using allylsilanes-trimethyloxonium salt to afford methyl (e)-4,8-alkadienoates

γ-alkenyl-γ-butyrolactones reacted regio- and stereoselectively with allytrimethyl-silanes in the presence of tethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate to afford methyl (E)-4,8-alkadienoates in high yields. Synthetic utility of the present reaction was demonstrated by the synthesis of β-sinensal.     

Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation and Vinylation of 2,3-Dihydrofuran with Hypervalent Iodonium Salts

The palladium-catalyzed arylation and vinylation of 2,3-dihydrofuran with aryl and alkenyl iodonium salts afforded 2-phenyl- or 2-alkenyl-2,5-dihydrofurans at room temperature in an aqueous medium.     

Chelation-assisted electrocyclic reactions of 3-alkenyl-2,2'-bipyridines: an efficient method for the synthesis of 5,6-dihydro-1,10-phenanthroline and 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives

An efficient method for the synthesis of substituted 5,6-dihydro-1,10-phenanthrolines and 1,10-phenanthrolines has been developed by means of the chelation-assisted photochemical electrocyclic reactions of 3-alkenyl-2,2'-bipyridines.     

Direct substitution of 2-benzenesulphonyl cyclic ethers using organozinc reagents

2-Benzenesulphonyl cyclic ethers are converted in good yield at roomtemperature to the 2-aryl-, 2-alkenyl- or 2-alkynyl product by treatment with the corresponding organozinc species.