硅基聚合物前驱体转化陶瓷微观结构研究进展

聚合物前驱体转化法使得陶瓷材料的制备实现了可分子设计和可聚合物工艺加工,在陶瓷基复合材料、陶瓷纤维、功能涂层、特种胶粘剂等方面具有重要应用价值.不同于传统粉末烧结工艺,该方法涉及有机聚合物至无机陶瓷的转化过程,因此,聚合物前驱体的分子结构以及陶瓷化工艺对所制备陶瓷材料的微观结构和功能特性具有直接影响.本文综述了基于聚合...     

激光烧结制备尼龙12/累托石纳米复合材料

将有机累托石与尼龙12粉末混合,采用激光烧结(SLS)技术制备了尼龙12累托石纳米复合材料,这是一种使纳米复合材料的制备与材料的成型同时进行的方法.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对复合材料的结构进行了表征,并对其力学性能及热性能进行了研究.结果表明,尼龙12分子在激光烧结过程中插入到累托石层间,形成的复合材料在拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度等力学性能及热稳定性能方面均优于尼龙12烧结试样.     

镧和铈改性对氧化铝性质的影响

 以拟薄水铝石为前驱物，采用溶胶法制备了γ－Al2O3，在制备 初期添加硝酸镧或硝酸铈对氧化铝进行改性，并使用红外光谱、氮物理 吸附和X射线衍射等方法对样品进行了表征．实验表明，稀土添加物覆 盖了部分氧化铝的表面羟基．在1000℃下对样品烧结行为的考察发现， 添加镧或铈化合物都能提高γ－Al2O3的抗烧结性能和高温稳定性，镧 改性样品的效果略优于铈改性样品．烧结动力学研究发现，制备的氧化 铝的烧结机理为体相扩散，加入稀土有效地阻止了氧化铝颗粒内的体相 扩散．用微反装置测定了改性样品的反应性能，发现铈改性样品有一定 的裂化性能和脱氢性能，而镧改性样品几乎无催化活性．     

Y2O3, La2O3, Sm2O3对氧化铝瓷烧结及力学性能的影响

研究了3种稀土氧化物对氧化铝陶瓷烧结性能和力学性能的影响.结果表明 含Y2O3,La2O3,Sm2O3的添加剂促进了氧化铝瓷的烧结,提高了氧化铝瓷的力学性能.Y2O3和Sm2O3掺量为0.50%,La2O3掺量为0.75%时氧化铝瓷在1600或1620 ℃保温2 h烧结,相对密度达98.9%以上,强度超过439 MPa,断裂韧性达5.15 MPa·m1/2以上.微观结构分析表明,Y2O3,La2O3,Sm2O3抑止氧化铝晶粒生长,细化晶粒,使晶粒尺寸较均匀形成致密化结构.     

热压烧结制备Al2O3/TiCN-0.2%Y2O3复合材料

采用热压烧结的方法制备Al2O3/TiCN-0.2%Y2O3复合陶瓷的结果, 较详细地介绍了试样成分、热压温度对试样抗弯强度、断裂韧性、维氏硬度等力学性能的影响. 结果表明 在热压温度低于1650 ℃时, 各项力学性能随着热压温度的提高而提高, 当热压温度为1650 ℃、压力为35 Mpa, 保温时间为30 min时, 其抗弯强度、断裂韧性及硬度分别达到它们的最大值1015 Mpa, 6.89 Mpa·m1/2和20.82 Mpa. 当热压温度高于1650 ℃时, 导致 TiCN分解作用加强导致密度下降, 同时温度过高导致晶粒长大使力学性能下降. 显微结构分析表明 由于稀土Y2O3的加入, 生成少量的YAG相, 抑制了Al2O3和TiCN晶粒长大, 有助于提高含Y2O3的Al2O3/TiCN复合材料的断裂韧性. TiCN颗粒弥散在Al2O3晶界处, 其晶粒尺寸在1 μm左右, 分布均匀, 相互交织, 抑制了晶粒生长, 从而起到增韧补强作用, 有利于材料力学性能的提高. 从压痕裂纹尖端扩展情况的扫描电镜照片可以看出 基体与增强相多个晶粒构成裂纹桥联行为, 并可能形成裂纹偏转、分支与桥联的共存区, 主要起作用的是稀土强化TiCN颗粒弥散增韧机制, 将复合材料的断裂韧性从5.94提高到6.89 Mpa·m1/2.     

稀土对MoSi2力学性能和抗氧化性能的影响

采用自蔓延和真空烧结方法制备了掺杂0．9％La2O3的MoSi2基复合材料，利用热重分析法，SEM和X射线考察了La2O3颗粒对MoSi2力学性能、抗氧化特性以及循环氧化后力学性能的影响。结果表明，与纯MoSi2相比，RE／MoSi2材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别提高了46％和78％；稀土对MoSi2材料的强韧化机制主要是细晶强化、弥散强化和细晶韧化。RE／MoSi2的氧化增重是纯MoSi2的2．5倍，稀土使MoSiz材料的抗氧化性能降低。由于纯MoSi2材料氧化后的晶粒长大，其抗弯强度比氧化前降低了17％。稀土对MoSi2氧化时的晶粒长大倾向有抑制作用，使得RE／MoSi2材料的抗弯强度基本不变。     

高性能可回收环氧树脂及其复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用戊二酸酐为固化剂,乙酰丙酮锌为催化剂制备了一种综合性能优异的高性能可回收环氧树脂.系统研究了固化剂及催化剂含量对树脂结构、热学及动态性能的影响,实现了树脂组成的优化设计.基于酯交换反应的热可逆性,制备的vitrimer树脂通过物理热压方法可实现良好回收,力学强度保持率可达80%.采用RTM工艺制备的碳纤维织物增强vitrimer树脂复合材料表现出与传统热固性树脂基复合材料相当的力学性能,并且通过醇类溶剂热降解树脂的方法,可实现复合材料中碳纤维的高效无损回收,回收率近100%.     

锂瓷石粉或硼砂增强陶瓷化硅橡胶复合材料的制备与性能

以硅橡胶为基体、锂瓷石粉和硼砂为烧结助剂,采用机械共混法,制备了具有陶瓷化防火功能的硅橡胶复合材料。通过力学测试、热重分析(TG)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了该材料的结构、力学性能和烧结性能,研究了锂瓷石粉和硼砂对陶瓷硅橡胶复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:通过在体系中添加锂瓷石粉和硼砂,提高了硅橡胶复合材料的力学性能,降低了陶瓷化硅橡胶复合材料的起始分解温度,加快了烧结反应进程。当锂瓷石粉与硅橡胶的质量比为5∶100时,硅橡胶复合材料的综合力学性能最好,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率,撕裂强度分别提高了15.6%、34.8%、2.3%,添加锂瓷石粉的陶瓷复合材料经过烧结,能够形成均匀的陶瓷化整体结构,比添加硼砂的陶瓷化硅橡胶复合材料具有更好的烧结性能。     

Sm2O3掺杂金属陶瓷惰性阳极的制备及性能研究

采用氧化铝-金属复合材料,适量掺杂稀土金属氧化物（Sm2O3）,制备一种新型铝电解用氧化铝基金属陶瓷惰性阳极,并对添加稀土氧化物的材料综合性能进行了研究.结果表明： 添加稀土氧化物的试样晶粒生长完整,致密度高,耐高温和抗冰晶石熔盐腐蚀性能良好,年平均腐蚀速率为12.27 mm; 导电性能稳定、良好,其电导率随温度的升高而增大,具有半导体的导电性质,850 ℃时测得添加稀土氧化物的试样电导率为63 S·cm^-1.     

成型方式对不同木塑复合体系的性能影响研究

以木粉为填充材料,以PE(聚乙烯)、PP(聚丙烯)为塑料基体,分别采用混炼-模压工艺和挤出-注塑工艺制备木塑复合材料,对比研究不同复合材料的力学性能、热性能以及流变性。结果表明,混炼-模压工艺制备的PE基复合材料综合性能较优,而挤出-注塑工艺制备的PP基复合材料综合性能较优,且在PE塑料系列中,HDPE(高密度聚乙烯)基复合材料综合力学性能最好,LLDPE(线性低密度聚乙烯)基复合材料的冲击韧性最好,但其综合力学性能较差。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.