稀土纳米晶用于近红外区活体成像和传感研究进展

稀土纳米晶具有丰富的激发和发射波长,良好的化学和光稳定性、大Stokes位移等特点.近年来,稀土纳米晶在生物活体成像与传感领域的应用研究取得了迅速进展.通过纳米尺度的材料设计与合成,可以对稀土纳米晶的荧光效率、波长、寿命等光学性质,以及生物相容性、靶向性、响应性等生化性质进行精细调控,使其更好地适应于活体深组织的成像与分析.先概述活体荧光成像的技术特点与要求,然后介绍稀土纳米晶的一般组成、光学性质和荧光机理,随后详细讨论对稀土纳米晶光学和生化性质进行调控的方法,着重展示这些材料的设计和修饰在生物成像与传感领域的一些最新应用.通过总结最近的研究成果,期望能够为下一步的研究提供一些参考思路,以推进基于稀土纳米晶的生物成像与传感技术的临床转化和应用.     

铋基纳米颗粒用于生物传感和生物成像的研究进展

铋(Bismuth, Bi)作为一种生物相容性好且价格低廉的金属,被用于设计合成多种具有独特结构、组成和物理化学性质的纳米材料。铋基纳米颗粒具有高X射线衰减系数和近红外吸收、出色的光热转换效率和长循环半衰期等特性,在药物递送、光热和放射治疗、多模式成像、生物传感和组织工程等领域有广泛的应用前景。本文重点综述了铋基纳米颗粒在生物传感和生物成像中的应用进展,讨论了铋基纳米材料在上述领域面临的机遇和挑战。     

高保真纳米耀斑在生物传感中的应用

传统的纳米耀斑是基于金纳米颗粒（Au NPs）通过金-硫（Au-S）键共价组装功能核酸而成,广泛应用于DNA可编程组装、生物传感、成像和治疗等领域。然而,在细胞环境中,生物硫醇和其他化学物质的干扰是一个长期存在的问题,阻碍了其实际应用。针对此问题,通过升级纳米耀斑实现细胞内的高保真荧光成像,避免生物硫醇和其他化学物质的干扰以获得高保真信号,对细胞内高精度成像具有重要意义。本文对高保真纳米耀斑相关研究进行了归纳整理,系统概述了高保真纳米耀斑的设计原理及其在生物传感中的应用,最后展望了该策略在细胞成像方面的优势及应用前景。     

手性纳米材料: 生物成像、 生物传感与治疗

手性无机纳米结构不仅形貌和结构可调控、 易于表面功能化修饰, 而且光学性质独特, 在生物领域的应用上展现了很大的优异性. 本文综述了近年来手性纳米技术在生物医学领域的研究进展, 重点介绍了手性金属和手性半导体纳米结构的合成策略、 圆二色效应、 光手性机制及在生物成像、 生物传感、 肿瘤以及神经退行性疾病等医学领域的应用. 手性纳米材料的研究丰富了生物化学的纳米技术手段, 促进了肿瘤等重大疾病诊断与治疗技术的进步, 推动了手性在生命科学中的发展, 鼓励了研究者对这一新兴领域的持续探索与挑战.     

DNA分子介导的无机纳米自组装结构与生物传感检测

由DNA分子介导构建的无机纳米自组装结构,不仅在结构上能够可控调节、易于进行表面功能化修饰,而且其光学性质独特,在生物传感、生物成像、细胞原位分析的应用方面展现出了很大的优势。近年来,利用无机纳米材料在光、电、磁等方面特殊的功能特性,构建了一系列可用于原位分析活细胞内重要靶标物质的无机纳米自组装结构,丰富了分析化学的技术手段,推动了癌症等重大疾病早期诊断和治疗技术的进步,促进了生命科学的发展。本文对近年来DNA介导的无机纳米自组装结构用于生物领域的相关工作进展进行了总结,讨论了其面临的挑战,对其发展前景进行了展望,以期为生命、医学、生物学等领域的进一步发展提供参考。     

荧光金属纳米簇的合成及其在生物医学中的应用研究进展

金属纳米簇作为一种新型的荧光纳米材料,展现出良好的生物相容性和优良的物化性质,近年来受到各个领域的关注,尤其在生物医学领域得到了广泛的应用。该文在介绍多种金属纳米簇的合成方法和光学性质的基础上,综述了金属纳米簇在生物传感、生物成像和肿瘤治疗等领域的应用研究进展,并对其面临的挑战和应用前景进行了展望。     

聚合物纳米光诊疗剂的制备与应用新进展

共轭聚合物纳米颗粒是由π-共轭有机聚合物组成的尺寸在1~100nm范围内的新型有机纳米材料。与传统的有机小分子、半导体量子点和无机纳米材料相比,聚合物纳米颗粒具有光学性质特殊、结构多样、表面易修饰和生物相容性好等优点,因而被广泛应用于生物成像、传感与检测、载药和治疗等领域。本文主要围绕聚合物纳米颗粒的制备方法、性质结构和生物相容性等方面,重点介绍了聚合物纳米颗粒作为光诊疗剂在荧光成像、光声成像,以及光动力和光热治疗领域的研究进展,并对聚合物纳米颗粒的发展前景和未来面临的挑战进行了探讨。     

生物传感型核壳纳米颗粒的制备与应用

近年来纳米材料在各领域已受到人们越来越广泛的关注,尤其是核壳型纳米颗粒的制备技术在不断更新发展,在生物传感器方面有着巨大的应用前景.本文重点介绍了生物传感型核壳颗粒的工作原理、制备方法及其在电化学生物传感器、光学生物传感器以及压电晶体生物传感器上的最新应用进展.     

荧光纳米颗粒的化学与生物传感

荧光纳米颗粒,比如量子点、染料包被的纳米颗粒、稀土纳米颗粒等,在过去的几十年里得到广泛的研究和应用,这主要因为它们具有特殊的化学与光电子性质,比如较强的发光强度、较高的稳定性、较大的Stocks位移以及灵活的加工制作性能等.将荧光纳米颗粒引入分析化学将为荧光分析检测提供新的平台.我们立足国内的研究,重点介绍荧光纳米颗粒的化学与生物传感应用,包括对pH值、离子、有机化合物、生物小分子、核酸、蛋白、病毒、细菌等的分析检测.另外,也介绍了荧光纳米颗粒的体外、体内的成像应用.对纳米颗粒应用于分析检测的优势以及信号传导模式也进行了讨论.     

基于功能纳米材料的灵敏生物传感策略

21世纪的第一个十年被称为＂传感的十载＂.功能纳米材料为灵敏的生物传感器件（包括光学和电生物传感）的制备提供了优秀的平台.这方面的大多数工作主要聚焦于不同纳米材料的生物功能化,例如金属纳米粒子、半导体纳米粒子和碳纳米粒子,功能化方式包括物理吸附、静电结合、特异性识别或共价键合.这些生物功能化纳米材料可以用作催化剂、电导体、光发射剂、载体或示踪剂,以获取被放大的检测信号、稳定的识别探针或生物传感界面.设计的信号放大策略已经极大地促进了不同领域中稳定、特异、具有选择性和灵敏的生物传感器的发展.本文介绍了基于功能纳米材料的一些生物传感新原理和检测新策略,也讨论了纳米材料的生物功能化方法和生物传感在蛋白质的免疫分析、DNA检测、糖分析和细胞传感中的应用.     

Rational design and biomedical applications of DNA-functionalized upconversion nanoparticles

In this review, we mainly introduced recent progress of DNA-functionalized upconversion materials, providing an overview of the design and applications in biosensing, bioimaging and disease therapy. The challenges and future perspectives are also discussed, aiming to promote their applications in materials science and biomedicine.     

核酸适配体功能化的稀土上转换纳米材料在生物检测中的应用

稀土上转换纳米材料可以吸收近红外光并发射出可见光或紫外光,在生物传感领域得到了广泛研究。核酸适配体能高特异性和高亲和性地与靶标物结合,被广泛应用于生物传感、疾病诊断等领域。将稀土上转换纳米材料与核酸适配体结合构建的检测体系,可实现对目标物灵敏、高选择性的检测。本文介绍了近几年核酸适配体功能化的稀土上转换纳米材料在生物小分子、蛋白质、核酸、病原微生物、细胞等方面的应用,并展望了其在分析检测领域的发展前景。     

荧光蛋白结构改造及其生物传感应用

荧光蛋白自发现以来, 因其具有基因编码、 可以自主发出稳健荧光的特点, 在生命科学领域中发挥着重要作用. 随着对荧光蛋白的结构和功能有了更清晰的认识, 在蛋白质工程技术和有机合成迅速发展的基础上, 科研工作者可以对荧光蛋白的结构进行设计改造和模拟, 赋予其新的性质和功能, 扩宽其在生物传感、 生物成像等生命领域的应用. 本文以绿色荧光蛋白的结构改造为主线, 从局部结构改变、 桶状结构重构和表面重构等不同层面阐述了荧光蛋白结构改造的方法以及荧光蛋白模拟物的研究进展, 并介绍了这些荧光蛋白及其模拟物在生物领域的代表性应用.     

Upconversion nanomaterials: a platform for biosensing,theranostic and photoregulation

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are a kind of unique optical material, that are able to emit ultraviolet (UV), visible or near infrared (NIR) luminescence upon NIR light excitation. Because of their excellent physic-chemical characters including enormous anti-Stokes spectral shift, high resistance to photobleaching, fairly long luminescent lifetime, excellent chemical stability, sharp emission band, and deep tissue penetration depth, UCNPs have become a useful tool in bioimaging, biosensing, as well as cancer therapy. In particularly, the emissions light from UCNPs can activate photosensitive molecules, which has the potential to realize the regulation of cell behaviors, including cell growth, adhesion and differentiation. This review consequently introduces the principle and achievements of UCNPs in biomedical field to the general readers for promoting both fundamental research and bio-applications of UCNPs. After the brief introduction of the physical mechanism of upconversion luminescence (UCL), we introduce several strategies to enhance the emissions brightness in detail, then discuss various biomedical applications of UCNPs.     

Highly Fluorescent Semiconducting Polymer Dots for Biology and Medicine

In recent years, semiconducting polymer nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention because of their outstanding characteristics as fluorescent probes. These nanoparticles, which primarily consist of π‐conjugated polymers and are called polymer dots (Pdots) when they exhibit small particle size and high brightness, have demonstrated utility in a wide range of applications such as fluorescence imaging and biosensing. In this review, we summarize recent findings of the photophysical properties of Pdots which speak to the merits of these entities as fluorescent labels. This review also highlights the surface functionalization and biomolecular conjugation of Pdots, and their applications in cellular labeling, in vivo imaging, single‐particle tracking, biosensing, and drug delivery. We discuss the relationship between the physical properties and performance, and evaluate the merits and limitations of the Pdot probes for certain imaging tasks and fluorescence assays. We also tackle the current challenges of Pdots and share our perspective on the future directions of the field.     

过渡金属掺杂磁性纳米粒子在生物医学领域中的研究进展

在过去50多年中,磁性纳米粒子(MNPs)由于其可协调的磁性、非侵入性、易操控性和良好的生物相容性等优点得到了广泛的关注.从具有复合结构或不同形状的MNPs的合成方法到与MNPs相关的大量表征技术,其应用领域也与我们的生活紧密相关.然而,MNPs的复杂磁行为受到多种参量的影响,包括粒径、成分、形状和结构等.基于此,通过...     

Recent progress in gold nanoparticle-based biosensing and cellular imaging

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been extensively used in optical biosensing and bioimaging due to the unique optical properties. Biological applications including biosensing and cellular imaging based on optical properties of AuNPs will be reviewed in the paper. The content will focus on detection principles, advantages and challenges of these approaches as well as recent advances in this field.     

DNA Nanotechnology on Live Cell Membranes

Recent developments in DNA nanotechnology have brought various nanoscale structures,devices and functional systems for different applications.As biological barriers with significant functions,cell membranes proide direct interfaces for studying cellular environment and states.So far,DNA nanotechnology engineered on live cell membranes has advanced our fundamental understandings of DNA nanomaterials and facilitated the designs of novel sensing,imaging and therapeutic platforms.In this review,we highlighted strategies and outcomes of using DNA nanotechnology on cell membranes towards various biomedical applications,including biosensing,imaging,cellular function regulations and targeted cancer therapy.Furthermore,we also discussed the challenges and opportunities of DNA nanotechnology on cell membranes towards broader applications.     

Construction of Smart Stimuli-Responsive DNA Nanostructures for Biomedical Applications

DNA nanostructures have recently attracted increasing interest in biological and biomedical applications by virtue of their unique properties, such as structural programmability, multi-functionality, stimuli-responsive behaviors, and excellent biocompatibility. In particular, the intelligent responsiveness of smart DNA nanostructures to specific stimuli has facilitated their extensive development in the field of high-performance biosensing and controllable drug delivery. This minireview begins with different self-assembly strategies for the construction of various DNA nanostructures, followed by the introduction of a variety of stimuli-responsive functional DNA nanostructures for assembling metastable soft materials and for facilitating amplified biosensing. The recent achievements of smart DNA nanostructures for controllable drug delivery are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and possible developments of this promising research are discussed in the fields of intelligent nanomedicine.     

Upconversion nanophosphors for small-animal imaging

Rare-earth upconversion nanophosphors (UCNPs), when excited by continuous-wave near-infrared light, exhibit a unique narrow photoluminescence with higher energy. Such special upconversion luminescence makes UCNPs promising as bioimaging probes with attractive features, such as no auto-fluorescence from biological samples and a large penetration depth. As a result, UCNPs have emerged as novel imaging agents for small animals. In this critical review, recent reports regarding the synthesis of water-soluble UCNPs and their surface modification and bioconjugation chemistry are summarized. The applications of UCNPs for small-animal imaging, including tumor-targeted imaging, lymphatic imaging, vascular imaging and cell tracking are reviewed in detail. The exploration of UCNPs as multifunctional nanoscale carriers for integrated imaging and therapy is also presented. The biodistribution and toxicology of UCNPs are further described. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in the development of UCNP-based nanoplatforms for small-animal imaging (276 references).