纳米颗粒银层的电沉积机理及SERS效应

研究了大面积均匀平整的纳米颗粒银层电沉积的机理, 优化了制备工艺, 探索了其在表面增强拉曼光谱检测中的应用. 结果表明, 该纳米颗粒银层的电沉积随着电极电势的负移, 逐步由连续成核转向瞬时成核机理, 在电流密度为1.0 A/dm², 阴阳极面积比为1∶10, 以及20~30 ℃条件下, 银层具有更强的表面增强效应. XRD测试表明, (111)晶面为银电沉积层的择优取向面; 扫描电子显微镜表征表明, 银的颗粒尺度为6~11 nm. 该电沉积层作为表面增强拉曼光谱的活性基底, 具有灵敏度高及检测限低的特点, 对罗丹明6G 分子的检测限低至1.0×10^-12 mol/L, 同时在大范围内的拉曼增强效果均匀, 展现了良好的应用前景.     

标记免疫双组分的SERS检测研究

以金膜为免疫检测的基底, 采用自组装技术(Self-assembled monolayer, SAM)将ω-巯基十六酸(16-MHA)修饰于金膜后与抗体结合成固相抗体, 在此基础上组装“固相抗体-待测抗原-标记免疫金溶胶”三明治复合体系. 采用不同标记分子苯硫酚(Thiophenol)和4,4'-联吡啶(4,4'-Bipyridine)分别标记不同的免疫金溶胶, 利用表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)谱峰较窄且具有较强的分辨率及高灵敏度的特点, 通过对两种标记分子特征谱峰的判断识别所加入的两种抗原. 通过选择合适的标记分子和一定尺度的免疫溶胶, 标记免疫SERS检测的检测限可达到飞克级(1—100 fg/mL).     

金纳米粒子膜的电化学合成及SERS活性分析

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)-active gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) films were prepared with a one-step electrochemical method. The orthogonal design was used to investigate the experimental conditions influencing the morphologies and the SERS activity of the AuNPs. A condition was found to obtain the optimal SERS activity. The SEM study reveals that the AuNPs films were composed of closely packed AuNPs. The Finite Difference Time Domain(FDTD) simulation result indicates that the coupling between particles plays an important role in the enhancement SERS of AuNPs.     

SERS免疫层析技术在快速检测领域的研究进展

免疫层析技术具有快速、成本低廉、操作简便、可视化分析等优势,已广泛应用于食品安全、环境监测及临床诊断等领域。基于颜色深浅进行结果判读的传统免疫层析技术,存在检测灵敏度低、难以实现定量分析等问题。表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)与免疫层析联合的技术提供了一个强大的分析平台,能够实现对分析物的多重、超灵敏及定量检测。本文从检测原理及类型、标签筛选、分析策略设计等方面简述了SERS免疫层析快速检测技术,归纳了其在致病菌、病毒、农兽药残留、真菌毒素等危害物检测方面的最新研究进展,并且对SERS免疫层析技术的研究方向与发展前景进行了分析和展望。     

SERS活性光纤光谱微探针研究

用真空蒸镀银岛膜和银溶胶自组装膜两种方法对光纤探针进行表面增强拉曼(SERS)活性修饰,构造了圆锥型SERS活性光纤光谱微探针.选取几个有代表性的分子作为检测样品,得到了低浓度样品的SERS光谱,对样品BVPP的检测下限达到10^-9mol/L.比较两种修饰光纤探针的检测结果可知,银溶胶自组装膜修饰更有优势.     

基于拉曼光谱的细菌检测研究进展

细菌是一种与人类生命活动息息相关的微生物,其快速、高灵敏检测对重大传染性疾病的防控至关重要.本文介绍了拉曼光谱用于细菌检测的基本原理,综述了3种拉曼光谱用于细菌检测的主要方式,包括细菌组成成分检测、细菌代谢物检测以及基于拉曼探针标记的检测模式,并对各种拉曼检测方法进行了分析比较.最后,展望了拉曼光谱在细菌检测领域的发展前景,并提出了5条建议.     

TiN-Ag@Ag SERS基底制备及其对腺嘌呤的检测性能与增强机制研究

该文制备了TiN@Ag溶胶、TiN-Ag薄膜、TiN-Ag@Ag溶胶3种复合基底对腺嘌呤进行表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)检测,并对拉曼增强效应进行研究。结果显示,与理论峰位相比,腺嘌呤的SERS图峰位发生偏移,可能是腺嘌呤吸附在增强基底上时分子构型和偶极距发生了改变(理论计算中过多的电子和外部溶剂的参与也会引起峰位偏移)。研究发现TiN-Ag@Ag溶胶基底上腺嘌呤的信号最强,这是因为该基底不仅具有TiN薄膜与Ag纳米颗粒发生共振耦合出现的可使SERS活性明显提高的“热点”,还存在Ag纳米颗粒聚集在Ag纳米棒之间形成的纳米间隙产生的更多“热点”。利用TiN-Ag@Ag溶胶基底对腺嘌呤进行灵敏检测,检出限可达10^-5 mol/L。并通过紫外光电子能谱结合高斯软件中密度泛函理论和时域有限分差法,对各基底的增强机制进行了分析。     

活性氧刺激响应纳米载体

纳米载体一般是由天然高分子或人工合成高分子组成的、纳米级范畴的运输系统,具有减少药物毒性、提高药物的靶向性、增加药物有效性等优点。随着生物医学技术的进步,有研究表明,作为氧化代谢产物的活性氧(ROS)在疾病部位常常伴随着过表达的异常现象。基于此,近年来ROS刺激响应纳米载体获得了关注和发展,以不同响应机制的ROS响应基团为基础,发展了一系列的ROS响应纳米载体,实现了疾病部位ROS刺激下的药物特异性可控释放。该文聚焦于近年来常用于纳米载体的ROS响应基团,依据元素划分为两大类:硫族元素类响应基团(硫醚、缩硫酮、硒化物、二硒化物、碲化物)和其他元素类响应基团(芳香硼酸酯、过氧草酸酯、二茂铁);通过不同的设计理念将其引入纳米载体,根据ROS响应纳米载体的不同响应机制(疏水-亲水相变、断裂),探讨了载体各自的ROS响应情况、体外药物释放情况,以及在活体中的应用情况。     

Au@Ag纳米粒子在农药SERS光谱分析中的应用

随着现代农业的发展,多种农药被广泛应用于农田,果园和温室等场所.由于大多数农药对生态环境、动物和人类健康都有害,因此建立快速、灵敏和实时检测环境与食品中农药含量的技术显得越来越重要.本文论述了用作表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱基底的金核银壳纳米粒子(Au@AgNPs)的制备方法,以及将其用于苹果表面农药百草枯Para...     

电解银表面氧物种转化的原位拉曼光谱表征

 首次采用原位共焦显微激光拉曼光谱研究了经纯氧预处理后电解银表面吸附的不同氧物种在升温过程中相互转化的情况. 结果发现,当温度低于423 K时, Ag-O2物种缓慢转化为超氧物种 Ag［O-O］-; 温度升高至423 K时, Ag［O-O］-物种将随着时间的延长转化为 Ag-O(α) 物种; 继续升高温度, Ag-O(α) 物种首先转化为 Ag-O-O-Ag 物种,再进一步转化为电解银表面最稳定的 Ag-O(γ) 次表层氧物种并保持至973 K以上. 结合实际反应体系,低温下电解银表面吸附的氧物种主要是分子氧,在类似乙烯环氧化反应的条件下这些分子氧将转化成 Ag-O(α) 物种,而在类似甲醇选择氧化制甲醛的反应条件下又转化为在高温下较稳定的 Ag-O(γ) 物种,根据具体的转化细节推测了可能的机理.     

光致活性氧淬灭方法检测生物抗氧化剂动力学模型分析

以TiO2纳米颗粒光催化反应为模型,研究了反应过程中的活性氧( ROS)产生以及活性氧淬灭的反应动力学模型。对苯二甲酸分子与体系中的光催化反应产生的OH·反应,生成具有荧光性质的2-羟基对苯二甲酸( lex=315 nm,lem=425 nm),因此对苯二甲酸作为氧化探针分子与体系中的生物抗氧化剂( AOs)分子竞争与ROS的反应,根据体系的荧光、反应时间以及AOs的浓度建立了AOs淬灭ROS的反应动力学模型。根据此模型推导AOs清除ROS的动力学常数,发现常见的生物抗氧化剂的抗氧化活性大小顺序为：硫辛酸、没食子酸、谷胱甘肽、尿酸、维生素C、维生素E、水溶性维生素E和胆红素。     

In Vivo Electrochemical Biosensors for Reactive Oxygen Species Detection: A Mini-Review

Due to the significance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in numerous physiological processes including pathogen response, apoptosis, and induction of defense genes, various methods have been developed for their quantitative analysis. However, the conventional methods using exogenous tracers lack the capability to conduct real-time in vivo measurements. The electrochemical biosensors have shown their potentials for in vivo applications with the rapid and reagentless detection processes. In this article, electrochemical biosensors that are capable of making in vivo ROS detections are reviewed. The different configurations of these biosensors with corresponding strategies to enhance sensitivity and selectivity are discussed in detail. With further studies to promote the biosensor performance, these devices promise to provide more facile ways for ROS research in life sciences.     

检测活性氧物种的氧杂蒽类光学探针的研究进展

活性氧物种在维持生物体的生理功能方面发挥着重要的作用.高于正常水平的活性氧物种会损伤蛋白质、DNA等生物分子,进而导致疾病.因此,活性氧物种的高选择性、高灵敏度检测研究对疾病的预防、诊断和治疗均具有重要意义.荧光探针因具有分析灵敏度高、样品时空分辨能力强等特点,已在该方面获得了广泛的应用.其中,具有发射波长长,光稳定性好,荧光量子产率高等优点的氧杂蒽类荧光探针已成为检测活性氧物种的研究热点.本论文主要总结了近五年来应用于活性氧物种检测的氧杂蒽类荧光探针的研究进展与成像分析,归纳了不同活性氧物种的识别单元,并展望了此类探针的发展趋势与应用前景.     

用于检测生物体系中线粒体活性氧的荧光探针

In addition to being the energy powerhouse of the cell, mitochondria are an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the process of molecular oxygen metabolism. Mitochondrial ROS are closely associated with normal physiological functions as well as human diseases, and participate in cell signaling, nucleic acid and protein damage, and oxidative stress induction. However, the complicated interplay between mitochondrial ROS and the cellular pathological state has not been fully elucidated. It is expected that research on the mitochondrial ROS undertaking in the molecular pathogenesis of human diseases would benefit from development of efficient tools for the detection of these ROS. In recent years, an increasing number of fluorescent probes for mitochondrial ROS with high sensitivity and selectivity have been developed. Here, we present a review of the recent advances in small molecular fluorescent probes for selective detection of ROS inside the mitochondria. In this review, the design, synthesis, characteristics, and applications of the published fluorescent probes for mitochondrial ROS are discussed in detail.     

Study on Sensitization from Reactive Oxygen Species for Electrochemiluminescence of Luminol in Neutral Medium

In this paper, the sensitization on electrochemiluminescent (ECL) reaction of luminol from reactive oxygen species (ROSs) in neutral medium was studied. The powerful sensitization from ROSs even related with organics and organisms were examined under selected conditions which were suitable for biochemical analysis. The results indicated that whether the enhancers were dissolved in solutions or immobilized on the surface of conventional electrodes, stronger ECL intensity of luminol could be obtained. Enhanced ECL helped to provide groundwork for the detection of biomolecules for which would further enhance or quench the ECL signals. The technique may provide new means in a variety of fields such as clinical diagnostics, immunological analysis and environmental monitoring due to its simplicity and high efficiency.     

Orthogonal Activation of RNA‐Cleaving DNAzymes in Live Cells by Reactive Oxygen Species

RNA‐cleaving DNAzymes are useful tools for intracellular metal‐ion sensing and gene regulation. Incorporating stimuli‐responsive modifications into these DNAzymes enables their activities to be spatiotemporally and chemically controlled for more precise applications. Despite the successful development of many caged DNAzymes for light‐induced activation, DNAzymes that can be intracellularly activated by chemical inputs of biological importance, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), are still scarce. ROS like hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and hypochlorite (HClO) are critical mediators of oxidative stress‐related cell signaling and dysregulation including activation of immune system as well as progression of diseases and aging. Herein, we report ROS‐activable DNAzymes by introducing phenylboronate and phosphorothioate modifications to the Zn²⁺‐dependent 8–17 DNAzyme. These ROS‐activable DNAzymes were orthogonally activated by H₂O₂ and HClO inside live human and mouse cells.     

Fluorescence Evaluation of Scavenging Efficiency of Antioxidants Against Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Cigarette Smoke

Cigarette smoke can cause cellular oxidative stress that contributes to various adverse health effects associated with smoke exposure, partially due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) present in cigarette smoke. Reduction of abundant ROS in the cigarette mainstream smoke (MSS) is of importance for human health. In this work, a simple, rapid, and reliable fluorescence evaluation of scavenging efficiency of antioxidants as potential filter additives against ROS in cigarette smoke is reported. This method was based on the combination of model glass reactor and a fluorescence assay of ROS in cigarette smoke using dihydrorhodamine 6 G (DHR-6 G). The antioxidant was added into a glass reactor attached to cigarette filter, which simplified the preparation of combined filter containing additives. The ROS scavenging efficiency of antioxidants was then determined using spectrofluorimetry by the change in fluorescence intensity of whole smoke-bubbled solutions before and after addition of antioxidants into the glass reactor. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of ROS scavenging efficiency of several potential additives, such as tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), vitamin C, β-carotene, grape seed extract, and Ginkgo biloba extract. Moreover, the relationship between MSS ROS scavenging efficiency and antioxidant activities (DPPH radicals scavenging efficiency and Fe²⁺ reducing power) of these compounds was also investigated.     

活性氧捕获材料的研究进展

生命从呼吸中获得氧气, 氧气再进一步在线粒体中将糖类等氧化得到能量, 提供给生命过程使用. 然而在氧化过程中, 会生成高度活泼的活性氧. 当体内控制失衡的时候, 它的浓度会大大增加, 发生氧化应激, 对机体产生不可逆的破坏, 引起衰老、肿瘤、心血管以及神经性疾病等. 抵抗活性氧的核心物质是抗氧化物, 它的存在使氧化应激受到控制, 从而保护机体免遭伤害. 本文对国内外近年来在活性氧自由基捕获方面的研究进行系统的综述, 通过梳理, 提出研究的金字塔型三级结构. 设计抗氧化物大分子与无机纳米粒子复合的纳米杂化自由基捕获器可以一方面解决无机纳米粒子的毒性问题, 另一方面还可以赋予纳米粒子额外的功能. 期待这篇综述文章能为改性纳米粒子捕捉活性氧提供一些有益思路, 为功能高分子材料与杂化纳米技术在生物医学领域的探索提供借鉴.