动态键型凝胶自修复行为的Monte Carlo模拟

根据动态键型自修复凝胶的结构特征构建了凝胶断面的格气(Lattice-gas)模型,并利用Monte Carlo模拟方法对其自修复过程进行研究.基于格气模型与Ising模型的等价性指出动态键型凝胶的自修复行为在本质上是一个相变过程,并根据自修复过程中的比热变化进行证明,进而确定临界联结分数.模拟了不同条件下凝胶的自修复行为,重点考察了联结强度、合作效应及断面间距对自修复行为的影响.     

基于动态建构化学的自愈合水凝胶及其在生物医学领域的应用展望

自愈合水凝胶与传统水凝胶相比,经受力破坏后仍可恢复其结构和功能,具有自我修复损伤的特点,是近年来备受关注的一种智能软材料.动态建构化学概念的引入,极大地促进了多响应性动态自愈合水凝胶的发展.本文综述了近年来基于动态建构化学合成自愈合水凝胶的方法,包括多重氢键作用、疏水相互作用、亚胺键、酰腙键等,并分析探讨了影响凝胶自愈合性能的因素及其在生物医学领域的潜在应用,还对其未来的发展进行了展望.     

离聚物型自修复高分子材料的研究进展

自修复是指材料在受到损伤后可自行修复,并在一定程度上恢复其力学性能的特性,对提高材料的使用寿命及安全性具有重要意义。离聚物中的离子基团在一定条件下由于静电相互作用及与主链的不相容性而相互聚集,形成动态可逆的物理交联点,从而赋予了离聚物材料在无外加修复剂的条件下即可实现自修复的特性。本文系统评述了离聚物型高分子材料的自修复过程与机理、常用的离聚物体系、激发离聚物自修复行为的方式及影响离聚物自修复特性的因素。     

自愈合凝胶:结构、性能及展望

作为一种高分子智能材料,自愈合凝胶在解决软材料损伤修复以及凝胶-生物体组织之间的界面接口问题,实现软材料智能化、高效化和环境友好化具有重要意义.近年来利用动态建构化学的基本原理,通过动态非共价键、可逆动态共价键相互作用,设计了一系列具有良好自愈合性能的新型凝胶材料.本文以物理型和化学型动态自愈合凝胶为例,综述了自愈合凝胶的分子设计思路、性能,并分析了影响自愈合性能因素,并对其未来的发展进行了展望.     

π-共轭三苯基苯衍生物的合成及其胶凝性能

合成了一系列三单脂肪链具有盘状结构的三苯基苯衍生物并研究了其在有机溶剂中自组装行为. 结果表明, 该系列衍生物在多种低极性有机溶剂中可以形成稳定的凝胶, 利用小角X射线衍射实验和扫描电子显微镜技术观察到干凝胶的分子排列具有层状结构, 形成纤维状和片层状聚集, 紫外-可见吸收光谱和红外光谱结果表明分子间氢键和π-π共轭堆积效应是形成自组装凝胶的主要驱动力. 在形成凝胶过程中, 凝胶剂分子在溶液中通过盘状中心的π-π共轭堆积效应和酰胺键的分子间氢键作用自组装成层状结构, 层状结构进一步组装形成纤维状和片层状聚集体, 最终形成三维网状结构阻碍溶剂流动形成凝胶.     

含双硫键的自修复交联聚氨酯弹性体的合成与性能

采用预聚法,以多官能度聚醚多元醇和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为原料,β-巯基乙醇为封端剂制备多官能度巯基封端聚氨酯低聚物,利用Na I/H2O2将巯基氧化为双硫键,获得含双硫键的交联型聚氨酯。通过FTIR研究了产物的化学结构及组成,采用拉伸测试和对比试验等测试方法对自修复条件、自修复效率以及双硫键和氢键在自修复过程中的作用进行了分析。结果表明,制得的含脂肪族双硫键的交联聚氨酯可以在室温下实现高效自修复,而且不需要额外的催化剂和外界刺激条件。用刀片将试样切成两半后对接紧密在自然光线下放置48h后拉伸强度可恢复到原来的95%,断裂伸长率恢复到原来的100%。其中,聚氨酯的氨基甲酸酯键之间形成的氢键提供30%左右的自修复效率。     

P(AA-DAC)两性聚电解质水凝胶的合成及性质

以丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)为单体, 采用水溶液聚合法制备了P(AA-DAC)聚电解质水凝胶. 采用红外光谱和核磁共振等方法对其结构进行了表征. 研究了不同组成比的聚电解质水凝胶在去离子水、不同pH值溶液以及不同离子强度盐溶液中的溶胀行为. 研究结果表明, 摩尔比为1∶1的聚电解质水凝胶表现出典型的两性聚电解质凝胶的溶胀行为. 离子强度对其溶胀行为有着显著影响, 在溶液离子强度较高时, 凝胶网络的溶胀主要受溶剂向凝胶内部扩散所控制, 满足Fick型扩散规律n≤0.5, 随着溶液离子强度的增加, 凝胶网络平衡含水量增加, 扩散系数增大.     

基于横向分子间氢键的棒-线型分子自组装研究进展

棒-线(Rod-Coil)型分子的合成及其自组装行为研究是当前超分子材料研究领域的重要研究方向. 与传统的柔性(Coil-Coil)型嵌段聚合物和Rod-Coil型嵌段聚合物相比, Rod-Coil型分子表现出不同的相行为、自组织特性和微结构, 可以自组装形成多种纳米结构. 研究结果显示, 横向分子间氢键是Rod-Coil型分子自组装形成液晶相和(或)有机凝胶等自组装体的主要驱动力. 主要介绍目前文献报道的横向分子间氢键驱动下的Rod-Coil型分子自组装.     

基于氢键自修复的交联型聚酰胺胺化学凝胶的制备与性能研究

通过试管倒立法和流变学测试对交联型聚酰胺胺凝胶的形成进行了判定。实验结果表明,直观的试管倒立法对聚酰胺胺凝胶形成的判定是有效的。通过对影响凝胶形成的各因素分析发现,在R=1.25、反应温度50℃、甲醇溶剂中制备的凝胶在单体质量浓度大于22%时能够形成凝胶,且符合IPN凝胶的制备要求。通过对聚酰胺胺(PAMAM)、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)和N-氨乙基哌嗪(AEPZ)的红外分析可以看出,本文中MBA与AEPZ可以发生交联反应,生成PAMAM,同时对加入LiBr的PAMAM和未加入LiBr的PAMAM红外分析表明,交联聚酰胺胺中含有丰富的氢键相互作用,为材料的自修复提供了可能。通过对PAMAM-1(单体质量浓度22%)、PAMAM-2(单体质量浓度27%)和PAMAM-3(单体质量浓度32%)的平衡溶胀率测试可以看出,PAMAM-1具有最大的溶胀率。通过对三者的动态模量测试,PAMAM-1、PAMAM-2和PAMAM-3的G′分别为5000Pa、15000Pa和24000Pa,说明凝胶具有良好的弹性。以PAMAM-3为例表征了材料的自修复过程,表明制备的交联型聚酰胺胺能够通过氢键及物理的相互作用对材料进行修复,在药物缓释等方面有潜在应用。     

无机固体化合物中常见的氢键类型、结构和强度

分析了无机固体化合物中常见的氢键给体和受体、常见的氢键类型、常见的氢键结构以及影响氢键强度的各种因素。氢键的强度与氢键给体和受体有关,也和氢键的结构排列有关。此外,氢键给体X-H中X原子和受体原子Y的配位以及其他结构效应(如协同、合作、反合作或竞争效应)及晶体的堆积都会影响氢键的强度。     

Highly stretchable,self-adhesive,and self-healable double network hydrogel based on alginate/polyacrylamide with tunable mechanical properties

A number of synthetic hydrogels suffer from low mechanical strength. Despite of the recent advances in the fabrication of tough hydrogels, it is still a great challenge to simultaneously construct high stretchability, and self-adhesive and self-healing capability in a hydrogel. Herein, a new type of double network hydrogel was prepared based on irreversible cross-linking of polyacrylamide chains and Schiff-base reversible cross-linking between glycidyl methacrylate-grafted ethylenediamine and oxidized sodium alginate (OSA). The combination of both cross-linkings and their synergistic effect provided a novel hydrogel with high strength, stretchable, rapid self-healing, and self-adhesiveness to different material. Besides, the hydrogels with diverse OSA content could maintain their original shapes after loading–unloading tensile test. The resulting hydrogel has a great potential in various fields for supporting and load-bearing substance.     

Mussel-inspired chemistry in producing mechanically robust and bioactive hydrogels as skin dressings

The development of hydrogels as skin dressings demonstrates a great potential in real life applications. To achieve this, the hydrogel has to conquer its natural poor mechanical strength, and to prolong its lifetime, antifatigue and self-healing properties originating from dynamic interactions are also required. As skin dressings, the hydrogel needs to maintain its ductility while pursuing the above mentioned properties. In this work, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate is used to produce skin dressings by reinforcing poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate/alginate double network hydrogels with a crosslinker from mussel-inspired chemistry, which is 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine. This crosslinking methodology significantly improved mechanical strength of the hydrogel, with 11,200% increase in compressive failure strength; it endowed the hydrogel with outstanding antifatigue and training strengthening properties that makes its mechanical strength increasing in a 50 cycles compressive test; the hydrogel showed excellent self-healing properties that in rheological characterization; it also displayed enhanced storage modulus after withstanding a shear strain up to 1100%; meanwhile, the hydrogel exhibited extreme ductility with an elastic modulus of only 10.90–16.53 kPa. 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine also renders the hydrogel its inherent antioxidant activity, conductivity, and bioadhesiveness. Together with the highly transparent appearance, the hydrogels possess a great potential and practibility in the fields of skin dressings.     

Rheological study on rapid recovery of hydrogel based on oligomeric electrolyte

The hydrogel consisting of an oligomeric electrolyte, poly[pyridinium-1,4-diyl-iminocarbonyl-1,4-phenylenemethylene chloride] ( 1-Cl) underwent self-healing at temperatures lower than its gelation temperature after destruction of the gel network in a shear flow. The self-healing mechanism was investigated by rheological measurements on three different kinds of gels including a low-molecular weight organogelator and a polymeric hydrogelator. Although all of the three gels exhibited thermo-reversible hysteresis loops in the shear moduli, only 1-Cl hydrogel recovered its mechanical properties after vigorous agitation. It is conjectured that the self-healing is due to formation of network structure via a chlorine ion mediated hydrogen bond for which the activation energy is on the order of 10 kJ/mol.     

氧化石墨烯/聚合物复合水凝胶的研究进展

氧化石墨烯是一种具有单原子厚度的二维材料, 具有优异的力学性能和良好的水分散性, 其表面有大量的含氧官能团. 将氧化石墨烯引入水凝胶体系中可以提高水凝胶的机械性能, 丰富其刺激响应的类型. 目前, 氧化石墨烯水凝胶在高强度、 吸附、 自愈合及智能材料等很多领域均有出色的表现. 氧化石墨烯水凝胶的研究已有10年的历史. 本文总结了氧化石墨烯水凝胶的制备方法, 归纳了智能氧化石墨烯水凝胶在光热响应、 pH响应和自愈合3个方面的响应机理和研究进展, 并综合评述了其在高强度水凝胶、 生物医学、 智能材料和污水处理等方面的应用前景.     

Cell-Encapsulating Hydrogel Puzzle: Polyrotaxane-Based Self-Healing Hydrogels

Slide-ring hydrogels using polyrotaxanes have been developed as highly tough soft materials. However, they have never been used as biomaterials because of the lack of biocompatibility. Meanwhile, self-healing hydrogels are expected to improve fatigue resistance and extend the period of use. However, owing to the lack of high mechanical strength, they are limited in their use as biomaterials. Here we first developed a biocompatible self-healing/slide-ring hydrogel using glycol chitosan and a water-soluble polyrotaxane. We obtained excellent mechanical toughness and biocompatibility to promote the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) encapsulated in the hydrogel. Owing to the rapid self-healing property, the cell-encapsulating gels adjusted arbitrarily, maintaining good cell proliferation function. Therefore, slide-ring hydrogels enable the use of biomaterials for soft-tissue engineering.     

A fast on-demand preparation of injectable self-healing nanocomposite hydrogels for efficient osteoinduction

Injectable hydrogels have been considered as promising materials for bone regeneration,but their osteoinduction and mechanical performance are yet to be improved.In this study,a novel biocompatible injectable and self-healing nano hybrid hydrogel was on-demand prepared via a fast(within 30 s) and easy gelation approach by reversible Schiff base formed between-CH=O of oxidized sodium alginate(OSA) and-NH_2 of glycol chitosan(GCS) mixed with calcium phosphate nanoparticles(CaP NPs).Its raw materials can be ready in large quantities by a simple synthesis process.The mechanical strength,degradation and swelling behavior of the hydrogel can be readily controlled by simply controlling the molar ratio of-CH=O and-NH_2.This hydrogel exhibits pH responsiveness,good degradability and biocompatibility.The hydrogel used as the matrix for mesenchymal stem cells can significantly induce the proliferation,differentiation and osteoinduction in vitro.These results showed this novel hydrogel is an ideal candidate for applications in bone tissue regeneration and drug delivery.     

Strong,Self-Healable,and Recyclable Visible-Light-Responsive Hydrogel Actuators

The most pressing challenges for light-driven hydrogel actuators include reliance on UV light, slow response, poor mechanical properties, and limited functionalities. Now, a supramolecular design strategy is used to address these issues. Key is the use of a benzylimine-functionalized anthracene group, which red-shifts the absorption into the visible region and also stabilizes the supramolecular network through π–π interactions. Acid–ether hydrogen bonds are incorporated for energy dissipation under mechanical deformation and maintaining hydrophilicity of the network. This double-crosslinked supramolecular hydrogel developed via a simple synthesis exhibits a unique combination of high strength, rapid self-healing, and fast visible-light-driven shape morphing both in the wet and dry state. As all of the interactions are dynamic, the design enables the structures to be recycled and reprogrammed into different 3D objects.     

Multi-bond network hydrogels with robust mechanical and self-healable properties

Multi-bond network(MBN) which contains a single network with hierarchical cross-links is a suggested way to fabricate robust hydrogels. In order to reveal the roles of different cross-links with hierarchical bond energy in the MBN, here we fabricate poly(acrylic acid) physical hydrogels with dual bond network composed of ionic cross-links between carboxylFe3+ interactions and hydrogen bonds, and compare these dually cross-linked hydrogels with singly and ternarily cross-linked hydrogels. Simple models are employed to predict the tensile property, and the results confirm that the multi-bond network with hierarchical distribution in the bond energy of cross-links endows hydrogel with effective energy-dissipating mechanism. Moreover, the dually cross-linked MBN gels exhibit excellent mechanical properties(tensile strength up to 500 k Pa, elongation at break ~ 2400%) and complete self-healing after being kept at 50 °C for 48 h. The factors on promoting self-healing are deeply explored and the dynamic multi-bonds are regarded to trigger the self-healing along with the mutual diffusion of long polymer chains and ferric ions.     

Chitosan-based self-healing hydrogel for bioapplications

A chitosan-based biocompatible self-healing hydrogel has been facilely prepared and used for bioapplications.     

强韧型自愈合水凝胶的研究进展

水凝胶作为一种由大量水和与众不同的三维网状结构构成的智能软材料,已经广泛应用于许多领域,如药物输送、软骨修复、废物处理及电子设备等。然而,水凝胶不良的机械性能及自愈合性极大地限制了它们的潜在应用。目前已报道的韧性水凝胶通常不具有或只有很弱的自修复性,而自修复水凝胶通常机械性能非常弱。因此,研发具有高效自修复性能和优异机械性能的水凝胶材料,无论是从学术角度还是工业角度都是非常重要的。本文总结了近些年来强韧型自愈合水凝胶的最新研究进展,从其制备方法、性能等方面进行了简要介绍,并对未来的发展前景进行了展望。