Synthesis of new functionalized 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes by aminomethylation of the Guareschi imides

The aminomethylation of 4,4-dialkyl-2,6-dioxopiperidine-3,5-dicarbonitriles (Guareschi imides) was studied for the first time. When the Guareschi imides were treated with primary aliphatic amines and an excess of formaldehyde, 2,4-dioxo-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-1,5-dicarbonitriles were obtained in varying yields (15–67%). The structure of 9,9-dimethyl-7-(2-methylpropyl)-2,4-dioxo-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-1,5-dicarbonitrile was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis.     

Structure of 3,7-Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Complexes as the Basis of Creating New Metallocyclic Supramolecular Ensembles

The molecular and crystal structure of the complex of cupric bromide with 1,5-diphenyl-3,7-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ones was studied. The geometry of the complexes of bispydines with cupric halides was shown to depend on the substituent at the nitrogen atom.     

Complexation properties of 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes

The electrochemical behavior of some 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes and their complexes with copper(II) chloride was investigated. The composition and stability of complexes are discussed.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 456–458, March, 1995.     

One-step synthesis of substituted 3,5-dinitropiperidines and 1,5-dinitro-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes from 1,3-dinitropropanes

1,5-Dinitro-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives were synthesized in up to 83%yields by the Mannich reaction of 1,3-dinitropropanes with excess formaldehyde and primary amines. In some cases, for instance, when 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dinitropropane and benzylamine or monoethanolamine are used, the reaction occurs with low yields or stops at the step of formation of 3,5-dinitropiperidines. The influence of the structure of the starting compounds and reaction conditions on the yields of 1,5-dinitro-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes and 3,5-dinitropiperidines was studied.__________Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 405–411, February, 2005.     

Conformational behavior of 3-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes: 1. Study of molecular dynamics in 3-methoxy-7α-phenyl-1,5-dimethyl-3-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane

3-Methoxy-7α-phenyl-1,5-dimethyl-3-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane 5 in solution at room temperature exists in the double chair conformation, as shown by NMR studies. Increasing the temperature leads to an increase in the population of the chair–boat conformation. At decreased temperature hindered rotation around the B---O bond is observed for 5. Dissolving 5 in deuteropyridine leads to the reversible formation of complex 6, which exists in the chair–boat conformation. The chair–boat conformation is also the most stable one for chelate compound 7 with a tetracoordinated boron atom.     

1,5-Diphosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan

1,5-Diphosphabicyclo [3.3.1]nonane 1,5-Diphosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane 8 has been obtained by free-radical cyclization of CH₂?CHCH₂(H)PCH₂P(H)CH₂CH?CH₂ 6 and 1-allyl-1,3-diphosphorinane 7 . For the synthesis of 6 and 7 the chlorophosphine Cl₂PCH₂PCl₂ 1 is used as a starting material, which can be converted into Me₂N(Cl)PCH₂P(Cl)NMe₂ 3 by reaction with (Me₂N)₂PCH₂P(NMe₂)₂ 2 . Treatment of 3 with two equivalents of allyl lithium and cleavage of the PN bonds in CH₂?CHCH₂(Me₂N)PCH₂P(NMe₂)CH₂CH?CH₂ 4 with diluted HCl affords CH₂?CHCH₂(H)(O)PCH₂P(O)(H)CH₂CH?CH₂ 5 . Phenylsilane is used for the first time as a reducing agent to obtain a secundary phosphine like 6 from the secundary phosphine oxide ( 5 ). Prolonged heating increases the yield of the byproduct 7 in the mixture of 6 and 7 . Reactions of the trivalent phosphorus in 8 with CS₂, CH₃I, POCl₃, NO, sulfur, and KSeCN, respectively, delivers the corresponding derivatives 9–17 . The compounds decribed are characterized by ¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P, ⁷⁷Se n.m.r., i.r., and m.s. data.     

The gas-phase conformation of 3,7-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane

The gas-phase conformation of the title compound (1) is discussed in reference to its photoelectron spectrum. The experimental lone-pair/lone-pair splitting (0.51 eV), when compared with that of similar diamines and with the results of three sets of MO calculations (MINDO/3, MNDO and STO-3G), leads to the conclusion that 1 exists in the chair-chair conformation. A remarkable sensitivity of the calculations to slight changes in the geometry is noted, and it is suggested that calculations of this type must include geometry-optimization. The question of through-space vs through-bond inteaction of the nitrogen lone pairs was explored by performing MNDO calculations in which the N-N resonance integrals were set to zero. These calculations indicate that in the chair-chair conformation the N-N interaction is mainly through-space. The ¹³CNMR and Ni(acac)₂-induced ¹³C shifts of 1 are discussed.     

Conformational effects of 1,5,9-substitution in symmetric bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane analogues

The high-level ab initio calculations on several derivatives of bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, 1-aza- and 1,5-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]-nonanes show the ‘double chair’ (CC) conformer as optimal for all of them, dominating over the ‘boat–chair’ (BC) form. Conformational effects of several substitution types involving positions 1, 5 and 9 are quantified, and their values are found rather transferable.     

Synthesis and structure of new 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives

Aminomethylation of triethylammonium 4-aryl-3,5-dicyano-6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-2-olates and their sulfur and selenium analogs, as well as the structure of formed products, were studied in details. The reaction is of general character and leads to the formation of 7-substituted 9-aryl-2,4-dioxo-, 9-aryl-4-oxo-2-thioxo-, 9-aryl-4-oxo-2-selenoxo-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives or their salts. The structures of ethyl 9-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-cyano-7-(4-methylphenyl)-2-oxo-4-thioxo-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-1-carboxylate (as a complex with N-methylmorpholine) and triethylammonium salt of 7-benzyl-4-oxo-2-selenoxo-9-(2-thienyl)-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-1,5-dicarbonitrile were studied by X-ray crystallography.     

A Double <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mannich</Emphasis>-type Reaction in the 1,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-thiolate Series: A Convenient Approach to Functionalized 3,7-Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Derivatives

Summary. The reaction of N-methylmorpholinium 5-alkoxy-carbonyl-4-aryl-3-cyano-2-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-2-thiolates with primary amines and formaldehyde under mild conditions afforded 7-substituted alkyl 9-aryl-5-cyano-2-oxo-4-thioxo-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-1-carboxylates in fair to good yields (52–74%). Third author was Deceased on February 26, 2007     

Spatial Structure of Isomers of 3,7-Dialkoxyalkyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ols

The spatial structure of 3,7-dialkoxyalkyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ols has been investigated with the aid of ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. It was shown that the secondary alcohols studied exist in solution predominantly in a chair-boat conformation which proved to be energetically more favorable than a chair-chair conformation due to the formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond (IMHB) between the unshared pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom and the hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group.     

Facile synthesis of benzo-fused 2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives via a domino Knoevenagel condensation/hetero-Diels-Alder reaction sequence

A facile two-step synthesis of a series of benzo-fused 2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives is described, featuring a domino Knoevenagel condensation/intramolecular hetero-Diels-Alder reaction sequence.     

Experimental and theoretical studies on the transannular cyclizations of 3,7-dimethylenebicyclo[3.3.1]nonane with polyfluoroalkyl radicals

Radical cyclizations of 3,7-dimethylenebicyclo[3.3.1]nonane with CF₃I, n-C₃F₇I, ICF₂COOEt and ICF₂PO(OEt)₂ selectively led to corresponding 3,7-noradamantanes, which were used for preparation of various polyfluoroalkyl substituted noradamantyl amines and carboxylates. DFT computations revealed that chemoselectivity of the radical cyclizations is realized due to the high electrophilicity of the CF₃ radical, as well as due to efficient trapping of intermediate noradamantylmethyl radicals by perfluoroiodoalkane.     

Unusual rearrangement of spiro β-lactams to 1,4-diazabicyclo[4,4,0]decanes and 1,4-diazabicyclo[4,3,0]nonanes. Synthesis of conformationally restricted σ-receptor ligands

Synthesis of 1,4-diazabicyclo[4,4,0]decanes and 1,4-diazabicyclo[4,3,0]nonanes was achieved by using 4-formyl spiro β-lactams as easily available starting materials. Furthermore, the application of this protocol to the preparation of conformationally restricted σ-receptor ligands was also performed. Theoretical calculations were carried out on a model reaction, in order to give some understanding of the reaction mechanism.     

Synthesis,crystal and molecular structure of 3,7-ditosyl-1,5-diphenyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane

3,7-Ditosyl-1,5-diphenyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane has been found to adopt a chair–chair conformation in the crystalline state in contrast to 3,7-ditosyl-1,5-diphenyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one, which had been previously found to exist in a chair-boat conformation.     

5-Hydroxy-1-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan

5-Hydroxy-1-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane A new approach to 1-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane compounds involves free-radical cyclization of 4-trimethylsilyloxy-4-phosphinomethyl-hepta-1.6-diene synthesized by the reaction of 2.2-diallyl-oxirane with KPH₂ followed by trimethylsilylation. Trimethylsilyl groups are easily cleaved in boiling methanol forming 5-hydroxy-1-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes. Silylated and desilylated bicyclic compounds are characterized by n.m.r. and i.r. data.