碘(钅翁)盐在有机合成中的应用

本文就三价有机碘鎓盐,包括二芳基、芳基全氟烷基、芳基烯基、芳基炔基和芳基烯丙基碘鎓盐以及碘叶立德在有机合成上有用的反应进行综述。这些反应包括C-,O-,N-和S-基化,全氟烷基、烯基、炔基、烯丙基和亚烷基转移反应等。     

立体角在结构化学中的应用

使用立体角概念,说明由一种或几种多面体组合,达到三维无隙结构充分必要条件。本文给出常见正多面体、常见阿基米德半正多面体顶角的立体角以及二面角,并结合结构化学实例分析阐述。在空间中须满足各立体角之和等于4π(sr),故通过简单的加和,即可判断无隙堆积的可能性,得知每个点的共用情况,进而推导出空间结构。运用这种方法,可以对一些尚不存在的结构进行大胆的预测。     

过氧杂多酸(盐)在催化有机反应中的应用

含活性氧的过氧杂多酸(盐)是由杂多酸(盐)与过量H2O2反应而生成的,其具有高效的催化活性,可以用于催化氧化不同的物质,是一类性能优异的绿色催化剂,其在有机合成中有十分广阔的发展前景。本文介绍了过氧杂多酸(盐)的结构、性质和催化作用,并综述了近年来其在催化有机反应中的研究进展。     

梳形抗盐聚合物在聚合物驱油中的应用

三次采油技术已成为我国提高原油采收率的主要措施之一。研制新型高效驱油用聚合物是降低成本,提高采油量的关键。目前国内外研制的新型高效驱油用聚合物主要为两性聚合物、耐温耐盐单体共聚物、疏水缔合聚合物、复合(或多元组合)型聚合物、共混聚合物和梳形聚合物等。     

Photoshop在绘制化学结构图形中的应用

探讨了利用Photoshop 7.0绘制化学结构图形,并以此作为多媒体课件素材的方法。     

手性季鏻盐相转移催化剂在不对称反应中的应用

手性相转移催化是不对称催化领域的重要分支之一,扮演着越来越重要的角色。本论文综述了几类新型手性季鏻盐催化剂的设计合成,及其在催化不对称Henry反应、不对称氢磷酰化反应、不对称烷基化反应、不对称Michael加成反应、不对称Mannich反应、不对称aldol反应、不对称质子化反应及不对称胺化反应中的催化活性和对映选择性,重点介绍了不同催化剂和反应底物之间立体效应和电子效应的影响,并对手性季鏻盐催化剂的发展进行了展望。     

1,4-吡啶硫内鎓盐在有机合成中的研究与应用

1,4-吡啶硫内鎓盐是一类重要的氮硫杂合成子,其中的吡啶片段既可以作为离去基团,也可以作为亲电反应位点参与反应,构建多种类型的氮硫杂骨架.因此,近年来1,4-吡啶硫内鎓盐在含氮、含硫杂环化合物的合成应用中受到了极大的关注.基于此,系统综述了1,4-吡啶硫内鎓盐在两种反应模式([3+m]和[5+m]环合反应)下构建氮硫杂环的研究进展,总结了其在环合反应及杂环化学中的应用,并对该领域的研究前景进行了展望.     

核酸适配体功能化纳米复合材料用于靶向凝血酶的心血管疾病治疗

制备了一种核酸适配体功能化磁球/金纳米棒复合材料,该复合材料可以实现凝血酶活性的可逆调控。凝血酶与其一对核酸适配体基于邻近表面杂交技术可构建成闭环结构,这种闭环结构会使核酸适配体与凝血酶的结合作用增强,从而大大增强抑制效果;金纳米棒具有局部表面等离子体共振效应,在近红外光刺激下周围环境温度升高破坏了闭环结构并伴随着凝血酶的活性的恢复。利用监测散射变化和扫描电子显微镜等手段表征了酶活性的变化。人血清凝血时间的测定证明这种抑制与恢复方法具有非常好的临床应用前景。此外,模拟透析实验显示该方法还可应用于急性肾功能衰竭等疾病的血液滤过治疗的抗凝和解毒中。     

Synthesis of a New Cyclophane Host and Crystal Structures of Its Compounds with Neutral Guests

A new cyclophane host molecule 3 is prepared by connecting the oxygenatoms of two,-di(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-diisopropylbenzene units withtwo trimethylene spacers. Solid-state structures are determined forcompounds of 3 with dichloromethane and p-xylene guests. The crystals of thetwo host-guest compounds are isomorphous.     

心脑血管疾病与微量元素研究进展

心脑血管疾病发病日益增多的原因之一是机体缺乏人体必需微量元素,目前报道硒、锗、锌、钴、铜、锰、铬、钼、钒、镍等与心脑血管疾病有密切关系。用微量元素调控防治心脑血管疾病,目前是国内外研究的新课题,其目的是降低心脑血管疾病的死亡率和发病率,促进人类健康长寿。     

The Pharmacological Potential of Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonists for Treating Parkinson’s Disease

The adenosine A_2A receptor subtype is recognized as a non-dopaminergic pharmacological target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, notably Parkinson’s disease (PD). The selective A_2A receptor antagonist istradefylline is approved in the US and Japan as an adjunctive treatment to levodopa/decarboxylase inhibitors in adults with PD experiencing OFF episodes or a wearing-off phenomenon; however, the full potential of this drug class remains to be explored. In this article, we review the pharmacology of adenosine A_2A receptor antagonists from the perspective of the treatment of both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD and their potential for disease modification.     

不同晶型纳米CdS的合成及其光催化活性

以醋酸镉为镉源,硫脲为硫源,采用配合物热分解法,通过改变硫脲/醋酸镉的摩尔配比,合成了具有不同晶型的纳米CdS．当n（S）／n（Cd）=0．5—3时,合成的CdS相分别为立方相（n（S）／n（Cd）=0．5）,立方相和六方相的混相（n（S）／n（Cd）=1．0～1．5）,六方相（n（S）／n（Cd）≥2）．通过XRD,TEM,UV—Vis光谱,IR光谱等对CdS的相组成,形貌,粒径,吸光性能,表面结构等进行了表征．光催化降解罗丹明B的活性结果表明,不同CdS相组成的活性顺序为立方相〉六方相〉混相（立方＋六方）,其中立方CdS相由于有较强的吸附作用、光吸收性能和较小的粒径（10～13nm）,对罗丹明B具有最好的光催化降解活性．     

Role of Gut Microbiota,Probiotics and Prebiotics in the Cardiovascular Diseases

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in identifying and applying new, naturally occurring molecules that promote health. Probiotics are defined as “live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits on the host”. Quite a few fermented products serve as the source of probiotic strains, with many factors influencing the effectiveness of probiotics, including interactions of probiotic bacteria with the host’s microbiome. Prebiotics contain no microorganisms, only substances which stimulate their growth. Prebiotics can be obtained from various sources, including breast milk, soybeans, and raw oats, however, the most popular prebiotics are the oligosaccharides contained in plants. Recent research increasingly claims that probiotics and prebiotics alleviate many disorders related to the immune system, cancer metastasis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. However, little is known about the role of these supplements as important dietary components in preventing or treating cardiovascular disease. Still, some reports and clinical studies were conducted, offering new ways of treatment. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss the roles of gut microbiota, probiotics, and prebiotics interventions in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.     

不同晶相结构二氧化锰催化完全氧化乙醇

采用水热合成法制备了α-MnO₂、β-MnO₂、γ-MnO₂和δ-MnO₂催化剂, 运用N₂吸脱附实验、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)等方法对催化剂进行了表征, 并将催化剂用于催化完全氧化乙醇反应中, 考察了不同晶型MnO₂催化剂催化氧化乙醇活性的差异, 探讨了催化剂晶型结构与催化氧化活性的关联. 结果表明, 不同晶型的MnO₂催化剂催化氧化乙醇活性差异显著, 活性顺序为α-MnO₂>δ-MnO₂>γ-MnO₂>β-MnO₂. 系列表征结果显示, 晶体结晶度和比表面积不是影响不同晶型MnO₂催化剂活性的主要原因, α-MnO₂催化剂具有的较高晶格氧浓度和较高的可还原性是其具有良好催化氧化乙醇活性的关键因素.     

Circulating Ligands of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and the Soluble Form of the Receptor Modulate Cardiovascular Cell Apoptosis in Diabetes

We determined whether plasma concentrations of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and the soluble (s) form of RAGE (sRAGE) in healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) modulate vascular remodeling. Healthy individuals and patients with T2D were divided into two age groups: young = <35 years old or middle-aged (36–64 years old) and stratified based on normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired (IGT), and T2D. Plasma titers of sRAGE, the RAGE ligands, AGEs, S100B, S100A1, S100A6, and the apoptotic marker Fas ligand Fas(L) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The apoptotic potential of the above RAGE ligands and sRAGE were assessed in cultured adult rat aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMC). In NGT individuals, aging increased the circulating levels of AGEs and S100B and decreased sRAGE, S100A1 and S100A6. Middle-aged patients with T2D presented higher levels of circulating S100B, AGEs and FasL, but lower levels of sRAGE, S100A1 and S100A6 than individuals with NGT or IGT. Treatment of ASMC with either AGEs or S100B at concentrations detected in T2D patients increased markers of inflammation and apoptosis. Responses attenuated by concomitant administration of sRAGE. In middle-aged patients with T2D, lower circulating plasma levels of sRAGE may limit decoy and exogenous trapping of deleterious pro-apoptotic/pro-inflammatory RAGE ligands AGEs and S100B, increasing the risk for diabetic complications.     

盐酸刻蚀的不同形貌空心结构二氧化锰的电化学行为

以液相湿法和水热法合成的碳酸锰为前驱体,通过盐酸的选择性刻蚀分别合成立方体和纺锤体MnO₂分级空心结构。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对其结构和形貌进行了表征。采用循环伏安、恒流充放电技术和交流阻抗对其电化学性能进行了测试。结果表明,碳酸锰前躯体粒径分布集中,简易快速（3min）的合成技术所形成的空心结构有利于电解液的渗透,以及电子和离子的传输与交换。在电流密度为0.5A·g^-1时,分级空心立方体MnO₂电极比电容为115F·g^-1,并表现出良好的循环稳定性和可逆性。     

盐酸刻蚀的不同形貌空心结构二氧化锰的电化学行为

以液相湿法和水热法合成的碳酸锰为前驱体,通过盐酸的选择性刻蚀分别合成立方体和纺锤体MnO2分级空心结构。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对其结构和形貌进行了表征。采用循环伏安、恒流充放电技术和交流阻抗对其电化学性能进行了测试。结果表明,碳酸锰前躯体粒径分布集中,简易快速(3 min)的合成技术所形成的空心结构有利于电解液的渗透,以及电子和离子的传输与交换。在电流密度为0.5 A·g-1时,分级空心立方体MnO2电极比电容为115 F·g-1,并表现出良好的循环稳定性和可逆性。