Determination of bakkenolide A in rat plasma using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study

A sensitive rapid analytical method was established and validated to determine the bakkenolide A (BA) in rat plasma. This method was further applied to assess the pharmacokinetics of BA in rats receiving a single dose of BA. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode was used in the method, and costundide was used as internal standard. A simple protein precipitation based on methanol was employed. The combination of a simple sample cleanup and short chromatographic running time (2.4?min) increased the throughput of the method substantially. The method was validated over the range of 1-1000?ng/mL with a correlation coefficient?>?0.99. The lower limit of quantification was 1?ng/mL for BA in plasma. Intra- and inter-day accuracies for BA were 93-112% and 103-104%, respectively, and the inter-day precision was less than 15%. After a single oral dose of 20?mg/kg of BA, the mean peak plasma concentration (C(max) ) of BA was 234.7?±?161?ng/mL at 0.25?h. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC(0-24 h) ) was 535.8?±?223.7?h·ng/mL, and the elimination half-life (T(1/2) ) was 5.0?±?0.36?h. In case of intravenous administration of BA at a dosage of 2?mg/kg, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC(0-24 h) ) was 342?±?98 h?ng/mL, and the elimination half-life (T(1/2) ) was 5.8?±?0.7?h. Based on the results, the oral bioavailability of BA in rats at 20?mg/kg is 15.7%. Copyright ? 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development and Validation of a Spectrofluorimetric Method for the Determination of Erlotinib in Spiked Human Plasma

A rapid and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was developed and validated for the determination of erlotinib (ETB), a potent anticancer drug, in spiked human plasma without any derivatization. The described method was validated and the analytical parameters of linearity, accuracy, precision (intra- and inter-day), limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) were evaluated. The relation between the fluorescence intensity and concentration was found to be linear (r² 0.9998) over the range 125 to 1000?ng/mL with the detection limit of 15?ng/mL. A simple liquid-liquid extraction method was followed in order to extract the drug from spiked plasma. The mean absolute recoveries of ETB were 85.59?% (±0.57), 86.91?% (±1.77) and 89.31?% (±3.01) at spiked plasma ETB concentration of 5000, 3750 and 2500?ng/mL, respectively. The spectrofluorimetric method presented here is a rapid, simple, specific, and reproducible method and can be used to characterize the plasma pharmacokinetics of ETB.     

地球化学样品中铌、钽的ICP-MS检测技术研究与应用

为给铌、钽资源勘查和开发提供分析测试技术支撑,基于地球化学样品中铌、钽的特殊化学性质,应用电感耦合等离子体质谱技术（ICP-MS）,对地球化学样品中铌、钽的检测方法进行了深入研究。结果表明：样品溶液制备和仪器测定参数对检测效果有重要影响,特别是前者,因此优化样品溶液制备的重要参数是检测技术的关键所在,试验选定条件是：试样重量为50 mg;氢氟酸用量为15 mL;样品溶液中硝酸、酒石酸浓度分别为2%和1.5%;溶液有效测定期限≤1 d。优化并确立的检测方法经国家一级地球化学标准物质验证,其准确度、精密度均达到行业标准的要求。方法检出限分别为Nb：1.05 μg·g-1和Ta：0.13 μg·g-1。实验研究证明：应用特定的样品溶液制备流程,并结合ICP-MS技术适用于地球化学样品中铌、钽的准确快速检测,尤其是样品量较大且铌、钽含量较低的地球化学勘查样品。     

A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approach to study "glucosinoloma" in broccoli sprouts

Glucosinolates are an important class of secondary plant metabolites, possessing health-promoting properties. Young broccoli plants are a very good source of glucosinolates with concentrations several times greater than in mature plants. The aim of our study was to develop a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry qualitative and quantitative method for the measure of glucosinolates in broccoli sprouts. The described method provides high sensitivity and specificity, allowing a rapid and simultaneous determination of 14 glucosinolates. The proposed method has been validated for eight glucosinolates: glucobrassicin, glucoraphanin, glucoiberin, glucoerucin, progoitrin, gluconapin, sinigrin and glucocheirolin. The linear range was 1-150 μg ml(-1) , the intra-day and inter-day precision values are within 6% and 8% at the lower limit of quantification, while the overall recovery of the eight glucosinolates was 99?±?9%. This validated method was used successfully for analysis of glucosinolates content of broccoli sprouts grown in different conditions. Copyright ? 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Aliskiren in Tablets and Spiked Human Plasma through Derivatization with Dansyl Chloride

A simple and sensitive method has been developed and validated for the determination of aliskiren (ALS) in its dosage forms and spiked plasma. The method was based on the reaction of the drug with dansyl chloride in the presence of bicarbonate solution of pH 10.5 to give a highly fluorescent derivative which was measured at 501 nm with excitition at 378 nm in dichloromethane. Different experimental parameters affecting the development of the method and stability were carefully studied and optimized. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration ranges of 100–700 and 50–150 ng/mL for standard solution and plasma, respectively. The limits of detection were 27.52 ng/mL in standard solution, 4.91 ng/mL in plasma. The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis the drug in the commercial tablets and spiked plasma samples. The mean recovery of ALS from tablets and plasma was 100.10 and 97.81%, respectively. A proposal of the reaction pathway was presented.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法进样技术研究

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)是近年发展起来的新型痕量元素分析技术,可以用于检出限为pg/ml级的痕量元素及天然同位素分析,同位素比分析及常规同位素稀释质谱分析等。所有这些应用都显示出ICP-MS在痕量元素分析领域中具有无与伦比的优点。ICP-MS进样技术一直是人们所关注的     

Analytical investigations about the presence of prednisolone in cow urine

Since 2008, the analyses carried out in the Lombardia region as part of National Residue Control Plans have evidenced unexpected frequent detection of the corticosteroid prednisolone (PRED) in cow urine samples taken to the slaughterhouse. Considering the scarce plausibility of these high frequent findings, analytical investigations were started to ascertain the real presence of this corticosteroid. The applied confirmatory method involved liquid-chromatography low-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (triple quadrupole) as instrumental technique, and it was validated in compliance with the requirements of the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. However, recently some criticism regarding Commission Decision 2002/657/EC identification criteria has been pointed out, experimentally demonstrating false positive results (wrong identification) although these criteria have been strictly observed. Therefore, considering the serious implications (i.e. the possibility that PRED could be considered endogenous in particular animal conditions), studies were carried out to investigate the reliability of PRED identification through the change of the chromatographic conditions (mobile phases, gradient and analytical column) of the confirmatory procedure routinely applied. Further confirmation came from the application of high-resolution mass spectrometry technique (MS(2) and MS(3) experiments) to analyze incurred cow urines samples. All the obtained results confirmed definitively the real presence of this corticosteroid excluding false-positive findings in routine analysis. In addition, other experiments demonstrated that high-resolution mass spectrometers (Time of Flight and Orbitrap technologies) could be successfully applied to routine determination of steroid residues in biological fluids at very low concentrations (< 1?μg?L(-1) ). Copyright ? 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

吹扫捕集气相色谱法分析化妆品中挥发性化合物

建立了同时测定化妆品中7种挥发性化合物的吹扫捕集气相色谱法（PT-GC）,该方法最大的优点就是不用任何有机溶剂对样品萃取和浓缩,减少了对环境的污染,具有灵敏度高、检出限低、定量准确、操作简便等特点。结果表明：此方法有较好的重复性,相对标准偏差在6%以下;检出限为0.3056-7.1373ng/mL;7种物质的回收率在80.87%—107.15%之间。     

反相高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定新型咀嚼胶片剂中右美沙芬的血浆浓度

建立反相高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定口服新型咀嚼胶片剂后血浆中右美沙芬浓度的方法。采用Hanbon C18（4.6mm×250mm,5μm）色谱柱,以乙腈-水-磷酸-三乙胺（35∶65∶0.14∶0.10,V/V/V/V）为流动相,在流速0.6mL.min-1,进样量50μL,柱温30℃,荧光激发波长（Ex）和发射波长（Em）分别为280nm和320nm条件下,测定咀嚼胶片剂中右美沙芬的兔血药浓度。药物与杂质分离效果良好、线性范围为1—1000ng.mL-1,相关系数为0.9996。方法回收率和提取回收率分别为110.0%和83.9%。当S/N=3时,右美沙芬最低检出浓度可达1ng.mL-1。本方法准确、灵敏,可满足血药浓度检测和研究药代动力学行为的需要。     

Determination of Trace Elements in High‐Purity Palladium by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Using an Internal Standard Method

Method validation of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses for trace impurities in high‐purity materials is often limited not only by the lack of suitable reference materials with the same matrix composition but also by the lack of a significant number of certified trace element concentrations in the available reference materials. This paper demonstrates a new and simple method for the direct determination of 44 trace elements in high‐purity palladium using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and an internal standard method. Sc and In were employed as internal standards to effectively eliminate nonspectral interferences from the Pd matrix. The detection limits of the 44 trace impurities were from 0.00078 to 0.46 µg/mL and the relative standard deviations (n=6) were below 3.5%. The method was further validated using a palladium standard material (Aldrich palladium standard material, CAS no. 7440053). The analytical results are in good agreement with the certified values.     

Development of a portable analyzer using solid-phase microextraction coupled with thermal desorption digitally-controlled plasma optical emission spectrometry for the determination of mercury volatile compounds released from sediments

Novel multi-species analyzer based on thermal desorption and digitally-controlled plasma optical emission spectrometry followed by solid-phase microextraction has been developed for determining various organometallics in sediment samples. A helium plasma source operating at 10?kHz and an integrated small-sized spectrometer with a charge-coupled device detector is installed for cost-effective atomic emission measurement and signal acquisition. Moreover, the analyzer size of a portable device is achieved, while the system is capable of absorbing large amounts of measurement data. Specifically, the analyzer has been applied for the speciation of mercury species in sediments. Method detection limits for MeHg and Hg²⁺ are 35.4 and 9.6?ng L^?1. Thus, sediments containing above 0.2 µg kg^?1 of mercury can be analyzed with precision 1–3.5% of RSD. The developed methods are validated by the analysis of estuarine sediment certified reference material ERM CC580, GBW 07405 Chinese soil. [AQ1]     

微波消解ICP—MS测定有机肥中的砷、铅、镉、镍和铬

建立了一种基于电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定有机肥中砷、铅、镉、镍和铬等元素的方法。探究了湿法消解和微波消解两种样品前处理方法对有机肥中重金属元素的提取效果。结果表明：微波消解法提取效率较高,方法与国标GB／T23349相比,两种方法测定的结果不存在显著性差异;采用国家水系沉积物标准物GBW07311、GBW07312及土壤标准物GBW07401、GBW07404对方法的准确性和可靠性进行评价,其测定数据与标准值相吻合。方法对砷、铅、镉、镍、铬的检出限分别为0．06、0．009、0．04、0．01、0．02μg／L,加标回收率在95．88％-106．07％之间,精密度（RSD）均小于5％。该方法可快速、准确测定有机肥料中砷、铅、镉、镍和铬含量,为有机肥料中上述元素的检测提供了快速稳定的方法。     

X射线荧光微区分析结合电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行保健食品中元素含量的测定

X射线荧光光谱微区分析法既有X射线荧光光谱法快速、简便、无损检测等特点,又可对保健食品表面的元素分布进行检测,电感耦合等离子体质谱法具有检出限低、线性范围宽、多元素同时测定等优点,旨在建立一种X射线荧光光谱微区分析法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法联合测定保健食品中元素种类、分布及含量的方法.利用X射线荧光光谱微区分析技术对一...     

松香中杂质元素的质谱分析

建立测定松香中16个杂质元素含量的分析方法。松香经乙醇溶解稀释后直接采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定。高浓度乙醇对等离子体所产生的负载以及有机碳不完全燃烧可能会在采样锥和截取锥孔沉积导致信号逐渐降低,通过优化等离子体的射频功率、载气流量以及样品提升量等仪器的操作条件,增加了等离子体中心通道的温度,提高等离子体的电离效率。采用在等离子体中加入低浓度氧气使有机碳充分燃烧,消除了积碳现象,维持了质谱分析信号的稳定。通过仪器调谐和同位素的选择有效地降低了氧化物和双电荷质谱干扰,避开了大量同量异位素干扰以及多原子离子干扰,利用碰撞/反应池(CRC)技术,分别选用氦碰撞模式和氢反应模式,消除了其余质谱干扰,选择内标元素补偿了样品与标准之间的粘度差异来匹配不同基体。结果表明,该方法的检出限在0.002～0.035 μg·g-1之间,实际样品的加标回收率为94.00%～106.00%,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤3.34%。方法采用乙醇溶解松香后直接测定,无需专用的样品前处理设备,具有操作简单、分析速度快、灵敏准确等优点,为松香中杂质元素的质量评价提供了一种新的分析方法。     

高纯钼粉中超痕量杂质的质谱分析

建立高纯钼粉中超痕量杂质测定的分析方法。采用电感耦合等离子体串联质谱(ICP-MS/MS)的MS/MS模式,选择H₂为反应气,利用H₂原位质量法测定Si和Ca;选择O₂为反应气,利用O₂原位质量法测定Cd,利用O₂质量转移法测定P,As,Se,Ta,Sn,Sb,Ba和W;选择NH₃/He作为反应气,利用原位质量法测定Na,Mg,Al,K和V,利用质量转移法测定Ti,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn;采用单四极杆(SQ)无气模式测定Pb,Bi,Th和U。与传统的带碰撞/反应池(CRC)电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)相比,各元素的背景等效浓度(BEC)和检出限更低,消除质谱干扰更加彻底。在优化的工作条件下,28种元素的线性相关系数(R2)≥0.999 7,线性关系良好,检出限为0.04～50.1 ng·L-1,加标回收率为92.2%～107.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤4.3%,表明所建立的分析方法具有极好的准确性和精密度。实际样品的分析结果显示,方法可用于纯度为5N(≥99.999%)高纯钼粉中28个杂质元素的测定。     

A novel method for quantification of ethanol and methanol in distilled alcoholic beverages using Raman spectroscopy

In this study, direct quantification of ethanol and methanol in distilled alcoholic beverages using Raman spectroscopy was performed. Raman spectra of varying ethanol–methanol mixtures were obtained, baseline corrections were made, and the data were normalized using Raman scattering intensity of an internal standard (acetonitrile, 921 cm^–1). Then, calibration graphs were produced for ethanol and methanol concentrations in the ranges of 0–7 M and 0–10 M, respectively. Accurate R² values of the calibration graphs proved the notable linear correlations (0.998 for ethanol and 0.998 for methanol). The method was validated based on linearity, sensitivity, intraday and interday repeatability, and recovery tests. The limit of detection and limit of quantification values of the validated method were determined for ethanol concentration as 1.2 and 3.7 mM, and for methanol concentration as 3.4 and 10.3 mM, respectively. The ability of the developed method to detect ethanol and methanol concentrations in real samples was also investigated. The results of the developed method were compared with the experimental results from traditional method and high correlation value (R² = 0.926) was obtained. Besides being sensitive and cheap, the developed method is rapid with the analysis time of less than 30 s. Furthermore, it eliminates labor‐consuming operations, chromatographic separation, and measurement error due to the high number of experiment steps in the standard method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

竹炭分离富集铋及氢化物发生原子荧光和等离子体质谱法测定

以竹炭为固相萃取材料,建立了顺序注射在线微填充柱固相萃取分离富集痕量铋的方法,吸附在微填充柱上的铋(络合物)可用稀硝酸溶液(2.5 mol·L-1)洗脱回收.洗脱液与硼氢化钠溶液混合进行氢化物发生(HG)反应,氢化物经气液分离后与原子荧光(AFS)联用,或直接将洗脱液引入电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS),实现了对生...     

A reliable method by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to quantify and confirm simultaneously the presence of solvent metabolites in workers' urine

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was used for the biological monitoring of workers occupationally exposed to solvents. The method was developed using a triple quadrupole to investigate the relevant urinary metabolites of styrene, namely mandelic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid. The method provides quantitative and qualitative data to give additional assurance about the nature of the contaminant analyzed in workers' urine. A full scan and a product ion scan were acquired within the chromatographic peak acquired in MRM. For the two metabolites, the repeatability was 96%, the precision ≥97%, and the accuracy ≥93?±?3%. The quantitative performances were not influenced by the inclusion of simultaneous full scan acquisition as compared to a usual quantitative approach. Footprints of each substance of interest were obtained at each injection, and full scan data can be interrogated for the presence of interferences and other contaminants. The method developed has been submitted to random real samples from both non-occupationally and occupationally exposed workers. The urines of non-occupationally exposed workers were all free of mandelic acid, phenylglyoxylic acid and putative interferences showing the high selectivity of the method. However, the urines of occupationally exposed workers were robustly quantified. The levels of mandelic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid ranged between 0.2 and 9?mM, and the footprints of each metabolite and structural information were acquired in parallel with the quantitative results, thus providing unquestionable data about the nature of the contaminant and the levels reported. The combination of qualitative information acquired simultaneously with quantitative results provides the structural information needed in case of questions, without any harmful effect on the robustness and throughput of the quantitative analysis.     

Quantitation of melatonin and n-acetylserotonin in human plasma by nanoflow LC-MS/MS and electrospray LC-MS/MS

Melatonin (MEL) and its chemical precursor N-acetylserotonin (NAS) are believed to be potential biomarkers for sleep-related disorders. Measurement of these compounds, however, has proven to be difficult due to their low circulating levels, especially that of NAS. Few methods offer the sensitivity, specificity and dynamic range needed to monitor MEL and its precursors and metabolites in small blood samples, such as those obtained from pediatric patients. In support of our ongoing study to determine the safety, tolerability and PK dosing strategies for MEL in treating insomnia in children with autism spectrum disorder, two highly sensitive LC-MS/MS assays were developed for the quantitation of MEL and precursor NAS at pg/mL levels in small volumes of human plasma. A validated electrospray ionization (ESI) method was used to quantitate high levels of MEL in PK studies, and a validated nanospray (nESI) method was developed for quantitation of MEL and NAS at endogenous levels. In both assays, plasma samples were processed by centrifugal membrane dialysis after addition of stable isotopic internal standards, and the components were separated by either conventional LC using a Waters SymmetryShield RP18 column (2.1?×?100 mm, 3.5?μm) or on a polyimide-coated, fused-silica capillary self-packed with 17?cm AquaC18 (3?μm, 125??). Quantitation was done using the SRM transitions m/z 233?→?174 and m/z 219?→?160 for MEL and NAS, respectively. The analytical response ratio versus concentration curves were linear for MEL (nanoflow LC: 11.7-1165 pg/mL, LC: 1165-116,500 pg/mL) and for NAS (nanoflow LC: 11.0-1095 pg/mL).     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物血浆中罗匹尼罗的浓度

建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定动物血浆中罗匹尼罗浓度的方法。血浆经乙酸乙酯萃取后,以HPLC分离,电喷雾离子化(ESI~+)串联质谱检测。以甲醇-乙腈-0.1‰冰醋酸(36:9:55)为流动相,流速为0.2mL·min~(-1),采用Ultimate XB-C 18柱(150mm×2.1mm,3μm)分离,在三级四极杆串联质谱中经电喷雾电离源(ESI)离子化,以多反应监测(MRM)方式进行检测。盐酸罗匹尼罗、盐酸苯海拉明(内标)的扫描离子对m/Z分别为261→114和m/Z 256→167。LC-MS/MS测定血浆中罗匹尼罗线性范围为0.02—400ng·mL~(-1),范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9998);以3个浓度水平的质量控制样品求得各浓度水平日内、日间精密度(RSD)均小于15.2%。在非临床药代动力学研究中,应用此法测定了受试兔子血浆中罗匹尼罗的浓度。该法灵敏、快速、准确,操作简便,样品处理方便,线性范围宽,该方法检测快速、专一、灵敏,可满足罗匹尼罗临床前药代动力学研究和临床药动学研究的要求。