运动声源多普勒畸变信号自适应校正方法EI北大核心CSCD

提出了一种自适应多普勒畸变校正方法,以声源移动速度v、初始时刻麦克风与声源横向距离x两个运动学参数为优化变量,以最大化重采样信号的频域统计指标为优化目标,通过参数寻优进行v和x的估计,通过幅值还原和时域插值拟合进行畸变校正。仿真分析结果表明,频谱峭度、频谱偏度、频谱脉冲因子和频谱峰值因子4种统计指标均能准确识别运动学参数,且频谱峭度的抗噪能力最好,临界信噪比达到-3.1 dB。实验分析结果表明,列车故障轴承多普勒畸变声音信号校正后,包络谱故障频率成分及其倍频成分清晰准确,说明多普勒畸变得到有效校正。该方法可基于信号本身实现多普勒畸变信号时频结构的全面校正。     

基于时域多普勒修正的运动声全息识别方法

由于运动声源测量信号中多普勒效应的存在,一般声全息方法无法直接使用,而阵列信号波束成形处理方法无法进行定量分析.本方法建立了基于测量面、辐射面和全息面的运动学几何关系,提出了声源与测量信号之间的非线性时间映射方法,基于运动声源的声源特征函数,构造了消除多普勒效应的全息面时域声压分布.全息重建得到运动声源表面有效声压分布,实现了对主要声源处声压幅值的定量估计.实际运动声源的测量实验结果证明了该方法的有效性.     

基于Hilbert变换的水下多源声信号频率的相干探测

为实现水下中低频声信号的探测识别,通过研究水下多声源相干探测信号的特征,理论上给出了相干探测信号频谱混叠情况下的特征表达式,并提出了一种基于Hilbert变换的信号解调处理方法,实现了水下多声源相干探测信号频谱混叠情况下各声源发声频率的解调.该方法将探测信号经过滤波平滑处理之后进行Hilbert变换,得到信号的解析形式,然后对解析信号模值的平方进行二次滤波平滑等处理,分离混叠在一起的频带,将得到的信号进行频谱分析,根据频移值计算得到水下各个声源的发声频率.在光学暗室下搭建激光相干探测系统,对2~6kHz的水下声信号进行实验,实验结果表明,该方法可以有效分离探测信号中混叠在一起的信号频带,并准确提取各水下声信号的发声频率,频率提取重复性不大于2.5Hz.     

运动声源识别的动态波叠加方法研究

为更好地识别运动声源并解决声源识别中的虚假声源问题,基于运动声源短时信号的Doppler频移特性, 建立运动声场的短时波叠加关系, 利用波束形成方法对声源点进行预估, 基于预估建立起多运动声源的动态叠加方程, 进一步通过波叠加方程的求解进行声源的计算, 从而创建一种可以用于运动声源识别的动态波叠加方法. 该方法可以有效识别运动声源, 将波叠加方法扩展到了运动声源测量领域, 并在不增加传声器数量以及改变阵列形式的条件下有效抑制运动声源重建中的旁瓣效应, 解决运动声源识别中的虚假声源问题. 仿真及实际运动声源的测量试验结果证明了该方法的有效性.     

数控传声器阵列反卷积法对飞机噪音的应用与实验研究

本文主要讨论传声器阵列反卷积法对于飞机发动机噪音测量的实际应用及反卷积法对于飞机过顶测噪的数值模拟。传统"波束成型法"的成像是点源与点分布函数卷积的结果,只有在满足瑞利限制的前提下可以分辨多个相距较近的声源。本文介绍了一种简称反卷积法的传声器阵列新方法,它是将原有的Beamforming结果作为已知条件,从中提取有用的声源信息,去除掉旁瓣的干扰,使得处理出来的声源幅值与位置更加准确。观察运动声源会产生多普勒效应,特别是在频域中处理声信号时会使发声源产生频率偏移,因此在反卷积法使用前引入平均多普勒频移因子,它使得运用反卷积法在频域中预测飞机进场噪音成为可能。     

用差频方法演示可闻声多普勒效应

可闻声多普勒效应的传统演示方法,是让观察者直接听运动声源发出的声音,从而鉴别音调或频率的变化。我们感到这种演示方法存在如下两个问题:第一、要让现察者能听到音调有明显的变化,就要求声源的运动速度较高,而在通常实验条件下,这一要求并不容易达到。当运动速度不高时,多普勒频移量很小,一般人耳要分辨微小的频移是比较困难的,因而演示效果不明显;第二,当声源运动发生多普勒频移的同时,观察者所听到的声强也在发生变化,这对鉴别多普勒频移效应又增加了困难。为了克服上述困难,我们采用了差频方     

多普勒频移环境中水声通信伪随机码快速捕获方法

伪随机码应用于水声通信时，需解决接收信号在多普勒频移情况下的快速捕获问题。本文在全数字通讯系统的框架内，提出了基带信号相关检测的数字下移频算法，显著减小了计算量，并针对数字处理的灵活性，提出了多普勒频移的概率搜索策略，根据多普勒频移的分布概率来对其进行搜索，进一步减小多普勒频移搜索的计算量。     

航空变焦距镜头非线性畸变快速校正方法EI北大核心CSCD

针对航空变焦距镜头的非线性畸变随焦距变化而变化的问题,提出一种地面离线标定和机上在线校正相结合的快速校正方法。利用单参数除式模型校正镜头畸变,根据模板图像中共线点的投影不变性,采用变步长优化搜索方法求解出若干离散焦距下镜头的畸变系数和畸变中心坐标,分析了畸变参数随焦距变化的规律,建立了畸变参数与焦距之间的经验公式。在飞行实验中,将实际工作焦距值代入经验公式得到相应畸变参数对实景图像进行自动校正。对模板图像与实景图像的校正结果表明,该方法能有效校正变焦距镜头的非线性畸变,对3幅不同焦距下的720 pixel×576 pixel模板图像校正平均均方差约为2.68 pixel,平均校正时间约为4.82 s。该方法具有效率高,便于自动化实现和工程应用的优点。     

某型振动轮噪声数值模拟及优化分析

空中声源的辐射噪声谱包括宽带连续谱和窄带线谱,线谱能量高于连续谱。与水下声源相比,空中声源的运动速度普遍较高,线谱多普勒频移明显,可用于进行水下对空中声源的运动参数估计。首先通过时频分析提取接收信号的瞬时频率,而后利用非线性最小二乘法将瞬时频率提取值与预测值相拟合,进而估计声源的运动参数(声源的运动速度、静止频率、与接收器最小水平距离及经过最近点时刻)。仿真与实验均能较为准确地估计出声源运动参数,同时在实验中实现了水下对空中运动声源的测距和定位,测距误差小于15.8%。在满足一定信噪比和保证足够多普勒信息的情况下,该参数估计方法具有很好的适用性。     

基于双声光移频器的外差式激光多普勒测振计

分析了单声光移频器构成的外差式激光多普勒测振计中声光移频器驱动信号的频率稳定性和信号功率对待测振动信号的影响.为了降低声光移频器驱动信号频率漂移的影响,提出双声光移频器构成的外差式激光多普勒测振计,并基于直接数字频率合成技术,以相位噪音低、初始相位可控的芯片AD9912为核心器件,完成了声光移频器驱动信号生成及处理模块的设计.开展了双声光移频器组成的外差式激光多普勒测振计的振动测量实验,结果表明,驱动信号生成装置可以驱动声光移频器正常工作,且测振计的本底噪音在0~10kHz频带范围内呈现平坦分布,0~1kHz频段内噪音得到明显抑制,较单声光移频器构成的外差式激光多普勒测振计有显著改善.     

A time domain correction method for Doppler-distortion signal from acoustic moving source

Doppler effect widely exists in the signal from the moving acoustic source. In order to solve such problems as frequency shift and frequency band expansion, a time domain cor- rection method is presented in this paper. First, the discrete time vector for interpolation and the amplitude restoration formula is derived based on the moving relationship and the Morse acoustic theory, then the amplitude weights are corrected and the distortion signal is interpolated. Every point of the discrete signal is operated separately in time domain. Compared with the existing frequency domain methods, this method does not need to know the characteristic frequency beforehand and would not be influenced by the blending of the frequency band. Hence, this method can be employed to correct multiple frequency signals and it is also a simple and effective Doppler effect reduction method.     

基于谱线频率特征的调谐二极管激光吸收光谱参数分析

调谐激光二极管吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术因其高分辨率、高灵敏度和快速测量等优点在工业生产、环境污染监测等方面受到广泛应用。波长调制光谱（wavelength modulation spectrum, WMS）的二次谐波信号经常用作气体浓度反演的检测信号。TDLAS检测性能与系统参数,如锁相放大器的时间常数、扫描幅度、扫描频率、调制幅度、调制频率等的选取紧密相关,实际测量中各参数的选择多以谱线形态特征为依据,参数之间的关联性未能得到较好体现。由于信号的采样与处理均在频域对谱线产生作用,各参数之间的作用相互关联。然而很少有研究参数对谱线频域的影响,针对此问题,在一定的理论基础上通过实验分别观察各调制参数对二次谐波信号的影响。通过保持其他参数不变,只改变一个参数的方法,得出各个参数对信号线型、频率特征及噪声引入的影响规律,继而分析并验证了多参数联合变化对谱线频带的决定作用。与基于时域特征的传统方法相比,基于谱线频率特征分析一方面具有与谱线信号采集检测处理机理相近的优点,另一方面可以直观得到各参数对主频带的影响和不同频率信号的衰减趋势。总结出基于频率特征的各参数的基本选取方法,以谱线频带和截止频率相互关系为判定标准,截止频率的大小由锁相放大器时间常数决定。通过设置合适的时间常数和扫描参数使信号频带与截止频率相近但不相交,使谱线频带内频率分量不产生衰减,频带外噪声得到最大抑制;再根据锁相放大器的性能和信号信噪比来确定调制参数,使谱线主频幅度最大;最后根据系统需求确定采样率。单周期采样点不变时,低扫描频率时检测精度相对提高但耗时较长;反之,扫描频率提高,速度变快但检测精度下降。通过联合影响规律调整关联参数,减小硬件限制对参数最优值选取造成的影响。可在考虑系统检测需求与硬件条件限制的前提下,通过参数选择得到最优二次谐波信号,为此技术的实际应用提供了参数优化的实验依据与参考方法。     

FREQUENCY DOMAIN ARX MODEL AND MULTI-HARMONIC FRF ESTIMATORS FOR NON-LINEAR DYNAMIC SYSTEMS

Non-linear dynamic systems respond at frequencies other than the excitation frequency; however, standard frequency response function estimators for linear systems do not accommodate this harmonic distortion. A new multi-harmonic frequency response function estimator that utilizes discrete frequency models for non-linear systems is introduced here. The multi-harmonic estimator relates the frequency response at each frequency to the input and output spectra within a given frequency band in the same way that autoregressive exogenous input models relate inputs and outputs at particular samples in the time domain. Overdetermined, least-mean-squares calculations are used to minimize model error throughout a frequency band rather than at a single frequency as in the corresponding linear estimators. The resulting multi-harmonic frequency response function models are non-parametric (e.g., vary with amplitude) when linear functions are used and parametric when non-linear functions are used. A new sensitive indicator for experimentally characterizing non-linearity is introduced.     

Cyclic statistics in rolling bearing diagnosis

Mechanical signals with amplitude modulated are characterized by periodic time-varying ensemble statistics and can be considered as cyclostationary. In this paper, the second order cyclic statistics, i.e. cyclic autocorrelation and cyclic spectrum, are introduced. A method of demodulation based on cyclic autocorrelation is derived from a signal model. The modulators and carrier are exhibited, respectively, in low- and high-frequency band of cyclic frequency domain. The three-dimensional spectral correlation figure, which represents cyclic frequency, frequency and spectral correlation strength simultaneously, is developed to express the demodulation results clearly. The method is tested by simulation signal and applied to diagnose rolling bearing faults. It obtained more information than other conventional methods, such as the frequency domain and the envelop detection. Furthermore, its effect is demonstrated by comparing with the wavelet envelope demodulation.     

Causal correlation functions and Fourier transforms: Application in calculating pressure induced shifts

By adopting a concept from signal processing, instead of starting from the correlation functions which are even, one considers the causal correlation functions whose Fourier transforms become complex. Their real and imaginary parts multiplied by 2 are the Fourier transforms of the original correlations and the subsequent Hilbert transforms, respectively. Thus, by taking this step one can complete the two previously needed transforms. However, to obviate performing the Cauchy principal integrations required in the Hilbert transforms is the greatest advantage. Meanwhile, because the causal correlations are well-bounded within the time domain and band limited in the frequency domain, one can replace their Fourier transforms by the discrete Fourier transforms and the latter can be carried out with the FFT algorithm. This replacement is justified by sampling theory because the Fourier transforms can be derived from the discrete Fourier transforms with the Nyquis rate without any distortions. We apply this method in calculating pressure induced shifts of H₂O lines and obtain more reliable values. By comparing the calculated shifts with those in HITRAN 2008 and by screening both of them with the pair identity and the smooth variation rules, one can conclude many of shift values in HITRAN are not correct.     

Estimation of ultrasound attenuation and dispersion using short time Fourier transform

Determination of the acoustic attenuation and dispersion has important applications in ultrasound tissue characterization and non-destructive material testing. Current signal processing methods Fourier transform of ultrasound signals to get the spectra of amplitude and phase to estimate respectively the attenuation and dispersion of a given medium. These methods are frequency domain method and obsessed with ambiguity issue in the phase unwrapping calculation. Conventional ultrasound velocity measuring method detects the time of arrival of a pulse (or echo) signal, which is a time domain method to compute group velocity (not phase velocity). This paper presents a novel approach based on the short time Fourier transform (STFT)--a time-frequency analysis, to estimate the ultrasonic dispersion and attenuation. Only the amplitude information of the pulse-signal spectra is used. Based on the time-frequency presentation, the attenuation coefficient of the signal is obtained by computing the amplitude decay of pulse spectrum in time domain, while phase velocities are obtained based on the "time-of-flight" (TOF) of the mono frequency component of the pulse signals. As a result, we eliminate the ambiguity issue in phase angle calculation. Furthermore, the proposed method makes the phase velocity pedagogically intuitive for novice users. The paper presents experiments to evaluate demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.     

盲重构频域阵列信号的压缩感知水声目标方位估计

针对复杂海洋环境条件下压缩感知水声目标方位估计性能下降的问题,利用盲源分离能够提高信噪比的优势,提出了一种盲重构频域阵列信号的压缩感知水声目标方位估计方法。首先将阵元域信号通过傅里叶变换方法得到多个子带阵列信号;然后对各个子带阵列信号进行复数域盲源分离得到子带解混矩阵和子带分离信号估计,并对子带分离信号进行属性分析和处理;再根据处理后的子带分离信号和子带解混矩阵重构子带阵列信号,对重构的子带阵列信号采用频域压缩感知方法进行空间谱估计,得到各个子带的空间谱;最后将各子带得到的空间谱进行求和,搜索求和后空间谱的峰值则可实现目标方位估计。模拟器数据和海上实测数据验证结果表明,同等条件下该方法的目标检测能力优于经典的最小方差无失真响应(Minimum Variance Distortionless Response,MVDR)方法、频域压缩感知(Compressed Sensing,CS)方法、盲源分离(Blind Source Separation,BSS)与MVDR相结合的方法(BSS+MVDR方法),测向精度更高,明显提高了弱目标信号的空间谱能量,增强了声呐检测弱目标的能力。      

空气中快速运动声源水下声场的波数积分模型

本文采用二维波数积分，对空气中高速运动声源激发的水下声场进行建模。针对二维波数积分计算声场时域解计算量大的问题，提出一种快速计算方法。用本文提出的方法，对深海和浅海情况下，空气中高速运动单频点声源激发的水下声场进行了计算和仿真。计算结果表明：在深海，水下接收信号的幅度和瞬时频率随时间发生变化；接收器深度、接收器与声源运动轨迹的最小距离对接收信号的变化快慢有较大影响，而声源高度的影响较小；在浅海中，接收信号呈现快速的幅度起伏，明显的多普勒频移和大的频率展宽效应。与简正波方法相比，本文方法主要适用于近场计算，而简正波方法适用于远场。另外，当声源频率较高时，二维波数积分方法的计算量将迅速增大。     

Reducing measurement time for a laser Doppler vibrometer using regressive techniques

In the last decade the laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) has become a widely spread instrument for measuring vibrations. It often offers accurate measurements with a high spatial resolution. However, the measurement time of the LDV and especially for the scanning LDV is long. Therefore, reducing the measurement time is an attractive objective. A way to achieve this is to use a single sine excitation (on a resonance frequency). However, this technique has two major drawbacks: the inability to provide information on the damping and a operational deflection shape that can differ from the true mode shape. In this article two methods will be introduced to reduce measurement time without these defaults. In the first method introduced in this article a narrow band multisine is used as excitation signal and the measured vibration signal in the time domain is represented by a model using sines and cosines with these fixed narrow band frequencies. The coefficients of those sines and cosines are then estimated on a global scale by means of a least-squares estimator. An important advantage of this particular technique is that one does not have to measure a full period of the signal, reducing time. The second method accelerates the measurement time for scanning LDV measurements. Using the time domain sequence from each previous scan point and a limited number of time samples from the current scan point, the full time domain sequence of the current scan point can be estimated. Both these methods are a key benefit for in-line quality control, which can have upwards of 1000 spatial measurement locations. The proposed techniques will be validated on both simulations and experiments of varying complexity.     

时域有限差分法的混凝土超声波损伤分析*

混凝土质量的好坏直接影响到建筑物的安全性,选用方便实用的方法对其内部裂纹进行检测具有显著意义。该文首先借助时域有限差分法,建立了混凝土声场数学模型。之后对不同内部缺陷尺寸的混凝土模型进行了超声波数值模拟,分别从时域和频域对接收到的超声信号进行了分析。结果发现,当内部存在缺陷时,接收信号时域幅值明显变小,接收信号的幅值与缺陷尺寸大小呈指数关系,且接收信号传播时间与缺陷宽度呈线性关系。最后以初次到达信号的频域能量为特征指标,得出其与混凝土内部开裂缺陷尺寸呈指数关系。该方法为混凝土超声无损检测建立合适的数学模型提供了参考。