单扫描示波极谱法连续测定羊乳、黄芪、白鲜皮、蕨菜中铜和锌

研究了在HCl-KSCN底液中用单扫描示波极谱法连续测定羊乳、黄芪、白鲜皮、蕨菜中铜和锌含量的方法。在此底液中,铜和锌分别在-0．42和-1．03 V(vs．SCE)处产生一敏锐的二阶导数波,检出限分别为0．005和0．01 mg·L-1,线性范围分别为0．01～8．00和0．01-10．00 mg·L-1。应用此法测定羊乳、黄芪、白鲜皮、蕨菜中铜和锌含量,回收率在97．0％～101．7％。     

线性扫描伏安法同时测定铬、镉、铜

在苯胲类试剂-乙醇-醋酸铵体系中，Cr(Ⅵ)、Cd^2 、Cu^2 都能产生灵敏的阴极络合吸附波。Cr(Ⅵ)的二次导数峰电位在-0．92V(vs．SCE)处，在0．0017～0．67μg／mL范围内与峰电流成正比；Cu^2 的峰电位在-0．21V(vs．SCE)处，在0．0083～5．8μg／mL范围内与峰电流成正比；Cd^2 的峰电位在-0．70V(vs．SCE)处，线性范围为0．0017～0．117μg／mL。这一方法为工业废水中重金属的同时测定提供了可靠、灵敏的检测方法。     

单扫描极谱法测定果、蔬中有机磷农药残留量

提出了在0．40mol/L氢氧化钠底液中对碱解后的有机磷农药进行单扫描极谱测定的方法。于起始电位－0．30V（vs SCE)进行阴极化扫描时有产生一灵敏导数波,峰电位为－0．53V（vs SCE)。并获得了辛硫磷残留量检测的最佳条件。在此条件下检测有机磷农药的线性范围分别为：辛硫磷0．12－160μg/mL,甲基对硫磷0．5－200μg/mL,水胺硫磷0．20－160μg/mL,甲胺磷0．1－1．0ng/mL,氧化乐果0．09－160μg/mL。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定香蕉中的铜铁锌锰

研究了香蕉中的金属元素的含量和火焰原子吸收光谱法在同一体系中测定香蕉中微量元素铜、铁、锌、锰的方法，考察了硝酸、过氧化氢的不同用量以及消化时间长短的影响和在同一体系中铜、铁、锌、锰的相互干扰情况。在选定条件下铜检测限为0．064μg／mL，铁为0．275μg／mL，锌为0．157μg／mL，锰为0．187μg／mL，相对标准偏差为1．9％-4．7％，回收率为92．3％-105．0％。     

锑(Ⅲ)-溴邻苯三酚红导数示波极谱法测定锌浸出液中的锑

在pH2．5的硫酸介质中，锑(Ⅲ)与溴邻苯三酚红生成的络合物产生一个灵敏的导数极谱波，其导数波峰值电位为-0．56V(vs．SCE)，线性范围0．0l～0．5μg／mL，许多离子不干扰测定，不需要分离与富集，直接测定锌浸出液中不同含量的锑。     

碳棒电极示波极谱阳极溶出法测定多维元素片中微量铜和锌

采用碳棒电极示波极谱阳极溶出法在同一系统中，直接测定多维元素片中的微量铜和锌。在0.05mol.L^-1,KSCN-0.01mol.L^-1,HCl介质中，铜和锌的溶出峰电位分别为－0．23V（vs.SCE)和－0．90V。铜和锌分别在20－400μg.L^-1及50－800μg.L^-1范围内呈良好的线性关系，平均回收率为96％和98％，此法不用汞工作电极，无污染，具有较好的重复性和准确性。     

微波消解-微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法测定汽油中痕量铜和铁

采用微波消解方法处理汽油样品,用微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法（MPT—AES）测定消解液中的铜和铁含量。考察了微波功率、载气流量、工作气流量、酸效应、共存离子等实验参数对测定铜和铁的影响,并进行了系统优化,测得铜和铁的检出限分别为2．1ng／mL和22．1ng／ml。线性范围分别为0．01～12μg/mL和0．1～100μg／mL。详细考察了微波消解酸种类及用量,消解温度、运行时间及微波功率等对微波消解的影响。结果表明,各元素测定结果的RSD均小于3．5％,铜的回收率为93％-107％,铁的回收率为92％-106％。与传统的碘-二甲苯-硝酸反萃取处理法相比,此法具有元素损失少,操作简单,无需使用有毒氧化剂,减少污染,改善工作环境等优点,是行之有效的汽油样品预处理方法。     

Cu(Ⅰ)-烯丙基硫脲的络合吸附波

在pH3.3的邻苯二甲酸氢钾底液中,Cu(Ⅰ)-烯丙基硫脲体系有一灵敏的还原波,其单扫导数峰电位E_p=-0.32V(vs.SCE),可用于微量铜的测定。工作曲线线性范围为0.002—0.12μg/mL,检测极限为0.001μg/mL。文中探讨了该波的还原机理,认为是络合吸附波。     

青少年全血微量元素正常值探讨

由于国内尚无青少年全血铜、锌、铁、钙含量的正常值标准，为探讨其正常值范围，根据广州地区193名中学生全血铜、锌、铁、钙含量的测定结果，初步提出了广州地区13至18岁青少年全血铜、锌、铁、钙含量的正常值范围。结果表明，广州地区13至18岁青少年血铜含量均值为0．77bμg／g。正常值0．52～1．02μg／g；锌含量：13～岁均值5．22μg／g，正常值〉3．93μg／g；15～岁均值为5．54μg／g，正常值〉4．40μg／g；17～岁均值为5．68μg／g，正常值〉5．06μg／g；铁含量均值为500．00μg／g，正常值363．00～637．00μg／g；钙含量均值为78．70μg／g，正常值〉53．00μg／g。提示青少年除锌含量有必要按年龄组确定正常值范围之外，血铜、铁、钙含量的正常值范围可不按年龄和性别划分，均可合并计算。     

DNA荧光探针—荧光素-中性红体系的研究

基于DNA对荧光素(FL)-中性红(NR)分子间荧光能量转移的抑制作用，以荧光素-中性红为荧光探针，考察该探针与DNA的结合反应，建立了准确测定DNA的新方法，在pH＝6.5条件下，hsDNA、ctDNA和smDNA的浓度与荧光素-中性红体系的荧光比值变化量Δ(Fd／Fa)成线性关系，响应线性范围分别为0．25-6．25μg／mL、0．10-5．00μg／mL、0．10-4．00μg／mL，0.025μg/mL和0．023μg／mL；分析测定了DNA合成样品，回收率91．3％-101．4％，相对标准偏差小于4．2％．     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.