Assessment of the presumed mapping function approach for the stationary laminar flamelet modelling of reacting double scalar mixing layers

This paper assesses the Presumed Mapping Function (PMF) approach in the context of the Stationary Laminar Flamelet Modelling (SLFM) of a reacting Double Scalar Mixing Layer (DSML). Starting from a prescribed Gaussian reference field, the PMF approach provides a presumed Probability Density Function (PDF) for the mixture fraction that is subsequently employed to close the Conditional Scalar Dissipation Rate (CSDR) upon doubly-integrating the homogeneous PDF transport equation. The PMF approach is unique in its ability to yield PDF and CSDR distributions that capture the effect of multiple fuel injections of different composition. This distinct feature overcomes the shortcomings of the classical SLFM closures (the β-distribution for the PDF and the counterflow solution for the CSDR). The current study analyses the impact of the binary (two-stream) and trinary (three-stream) PMF approaches on the structure of laminar flamelets in a DSML formed by the mixing of a fuel stream and an oxidiser stream separated by a pilot. The conditions of a partially-premixed methane/air piloted jet flame are considered. A parametric assessment is performed by varying the local mixing statistics and the findings are compared to those of the classical SLFM approach. Further, the influence of the PMF approach on flamelet extinction and transport by means of differential diffusion is thoroughly investigated. It is shown that the trinary PMF approach captures the influence of the pilot stream as it is capable of yielding bimodal CSDR and trimodal PDF distributions. It is further demonstrated that, when the influence of the pilot is significant, flamelets generated using the trinary CSDR closure extinguish at higher strain levels compared to flamelets generated using the binary and counterflow closures. Lastly, it is shown that the trinary PMF approach can be critical for accurate SLFM computations of DSMLs when differential diffusion effects are important.     

All-optical conversion scheme from binary to its MTN form with the help of nonlinear material based tree-net architecture

In the field of optical computing and parallel information processing, several number systems have been used for different arithmetic and algebraic operations. Therefore an efficient conversion scheme from one number system to another is very important. Modified trinary number (MTN) has already taken a significant role towards carry and borrow free arithmetic operations. In this communication, we propose a tree-net architecture based all optical conversion scheme from binary number to its MTN form. Optical switch using nonlinear material (NLM) plays an important role.     

All-optical negabinary adders using Mach–Zehnder interferometer

In contrast to optoelectronics, all-optical adders are proposed where all-optical signals are used to represent the input numbers and the control signals. In addition, the all-optical adders use the negabinary modified signed-digit number representation (an extension of the negabinary number system) to represent the input digits. Further, the ultra-speed of the designed circuits is achieved due to the use of ultra-fast all-optical switching property of the semiconductor optical amplifier and Mach–Zehnder interferometer (SOA–MZI). Furthermore, two-bit per digit binary encoding scheme is employed to represent the trinary values of the negabinary modified signed-digits.     

Singularities of classical and quantum correlations at critical points of the Lipkin–Meshkov–Glick model in bipartitions and tripartitions of spins

By using the lowest order expansion in the number of spins, we study the classical correlation (CC) and quantum correlations (QCs) between two spin subgroups of the Lipkin–Meshkov–Glick (LMG) model in both binary and trinary decompositions of spins. In the case of bipartitions, we find that the CC and all the QCs are divergent in the same singular behavior at the critical point of the LMG model. In the case of tripartitions, however, the CC is still divergent but the QCs remain finite at the critical point. The present result shows that the CC is very robust but the QCs are much frangible to the environment disturbance.     

基于能量最小的统计三级截值模型

从能量函数出发，用统计学方法建立了统计三级截值模型，克服了用光学技术实现Ｈｏｐｆｉｅｌｄ模型时难以表示其高动态范围互连权重的弱点。与光学中通常采用的模型相比，统计三级截值模型提高了网络的存储容量和寻址能力。     

单通道实现三级Clipped模型的光学神经网络系统

提出并采用单通道光学系统实现了三级Clipped模型的神经网络,并用统计方法计算了三级Clipped模型的存储容量,和Clipped模型相比,三级Clippdd模型有更强的存储与寻址能力.     

Ⅲ-Ⅴ族化合物中氮束缚激子发光的动力学研究

用发光动力学的分析方法,研究了Ⅲ—Ⅴ族化合物中N束缚激子的发光强度与温度的关系,得到的理论公式与实验结果符合得较好。我们的分析指出,由于无辐射能量传递的存在,束缚激子的△J=2跃迁的发光效率低于△J=1跃迁的发光效率,致使低温(T<50K)下束缚激子的发光强度可能随温度的下降而变弱。另外,N杂质对自由激子再俘获的可能性的大小直接影响束缚激子发光的热猝灭过程:束缚激子可能因热离解成自由激子或自由的电子和空穴。我们找到了区分这两类情况的条件。     

One-step optical trinary signed-digit arithmetic using redundant bit representations

A simple one-step fully parallel trinary signed-digit arithmetic is proposed for parallel optical computing. This technique performs multidigit carry-free addition and borrow-free subtraction in constant time. The trinary signed-digit arithmetic operations are based on redundant bit representation of the digits. Optical implementation of the proposed arithmetic can be carried out using correlation or matrix multiplication based schemes. An efficient matrix multiplication based optical implementation that employs a fixed number of minterms for any operand length is developed. It is shown that only 30 minterms (less than recently reported techniques) are enough for implementing the one-step trinary addition and subtraction.     

Ternary systems and the effect of parity on the multilayer mirror reflectance

The possibility of increasing the maximum reflectance of multilayer x-ray mirrors based on ternary systems is demonstrated. The effect is due to separate profiling of the real and imaginary components of the dielectric permittivity, which is impossible in binary systems.     

Circuit designs of ultra-fast all-optical modified signed-digit adders using semiconductor optical amplifier and Mach-Zehnder interferometer

The need for increasingly high-speed digital optical systems and optical processors demands ultra-fast all-optical logic and arithmetic units. In this paper, we combine the attractive and powerful parallelism property of the modified signed-digit (MSD) number representation with the ultra-fast all-optical switching property of the semiconductor optical amplifier and Mach-Zehnder interferometer (SOA-MZI) to design and implement all-optical MSD adder/subtracter circuits. Non-minimized and minimized techniques are presented to design and realize efficient circuits to perform arithmetic operations. Several all-optical circuits’ designs are proposed with the objective to minimize the number of the SOA-MZI switches, the time delay units in the adders, and other optical elements. To use the switching property of the SOA-MZI structure, two bits per digit binary encoding for each of the trinary MSD digits are used. The proposed optical circuits will be very helpful in developing hardware modules for optical digital computing processors.     

Influence of polarization and material on Brownian thermal noise of binary grating reflectors

Grating reflectors are a potential low-noise replacement for amorphous multilayer mirrors. We investigate the influence of polarization and refractive index on Brownian thermal noise of binary grating reflectors using Maxwell's stress tensor. Our results demonstrate that the refractive index of the grating material is a critical parameter for thermal noise in these structures. In contrast to multilayer mirrors, a low coating thickness does not necessarily lead to a low thermal noise amplitude for structures with low refractive index. We find that an improved noise performance of grating reflectors requires materials of refractive index ?2.5. We present a factorized expression for the thermal noise of grating reflectors made of arbitrary materials by simply scaling the noise amplitude with the related material parameters.     

Modified signed-digit trinary addition using synthetic wavelet filter

The modified signed-digit (MSD) number system has been a topic of interest as it allows for parallel carry-free addition of two numbers for digital optical computing. In this paper, harmonic wavelet joint transform (HWJT)-based correlation technique is introduced for optical implementation of MSD trinary adder implementation. The realization of the carry-propagation-free addition of MSD trinary numerals is demonstrated using synthetic HWJT correlator model. It is also shown that the proposed synthetic wavelet filter-based correlator shows high performance in logic processing. Simulation results are presented to validate the performance of the proposed technique.     

基于数字微镜器件改进的罗曼编码

全息光刻可通过空间光调制器数字微镜器件（DMD）加载计算全息图构建数字掩膜来实现,罗曼编码是常用的编制计算全息图的方法,它采用透明矩形孔的高度和位置分别编码全息图抽样单元的幅值和相位。通常,DMD再现此类二元全息图需合并多个微镜来表示单个矩形孔,这会大大降低其像素利用率和分辨率。针对这个问题,提出一种改进的罗曼编码,该编码充分利用DMD的二进制脉宽调制特性,采用灰度值编码全息图抽样单元的幅值,将全息图的透过率由二元型转换成灰阶型,从而有效减少单个抽样单元所占用的微镜数。采用MATLAB编程对改进的罗曼编码和博奇编码计算全息图进行模拟再现分析,得到改进的罗曼编码衍射效率约是博奇编码的3倍。以DMD为核心搭建了全息再现实验,得到改进的罗曼编码衍射效率约是博奇编码的2倍。可得出采用改进的罗曼编码可以显著提高衍射效率。     

Trinary arithmetic and logic unit (TALU) using savart plate and spatial light modulator (SLM) suitable for optical computation in multivalued logic

Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is the most important unit in any computing system. Optical computing is becoming popular day-by-day because of its ultrahigh processing speed and huge data handling capability. Obviously for the fast processing we need the optical TALU compatible with the multivalued logic. In this regard we are communicating the trinary arithmetic and logic unit (TALU) in modified trinary number (MTN) system, which is suitable for the optical computation and other applications in multivalued logic system. Here the savart plate and spatial light modulator (SLM) based optoelectronic circuits have been used to exploit the optical tree architecture (OTA) in optical interconnection network.     

Optical clock distribution using integrated free-space optics

The design and experimental results of an optical clock distribution system based on integrated free-space micro-optics are reported. Planar optical components such as lenses, beamsplitters, and mirrors, are monolithically integrated on a single glass substrate to provide a stable and compact system. A single input beam is split and distributed evenly to N output positions using a binary tree of beamsplitters. The experiment shown demonstrates the principle idea for a system with a fanout of eight. Theoretical considerations show that a fanout of 64 or larger is feasible.     

Multiple-valued logic unit design using polarization-encoded optical shadow-casting

An efficient technique for the design of multiple-valued logic circuits using polarization-encoded optical shadow-casting is presented. As an illustration, a trinary full subtracter is designed using this technique. The resulting logic unit is compared with those obtained by using other algorithms.     

Absolute interferometric test of Fresnel zone plates

An absolute interferometric test of two-level binary Fresnel zone plates (FZPs) is presented. Five measurements with a wavefront testing interferometer are required to fully separate interferometer errors from those of the FZP. The method provides both errors, pattern errors and surface figure errors of the zone plate absolutely. The test method is suitable for zone mirrors and zone lenses. Test setups are explained, equations are derived and experimental results are presented. Further, applications of the absolute diffractive test method are described. For the estimation of the accuracy of the diffractive calibration method a comparison with the classical three-position test was carried out.     

Plane parallel mirrors Fabry-Perot cavity to improve Virgo superattenuators

The measurement of the finesse and the longitudinal locking of a 100 μm long plane mirrors Fabry-Perot cavity is described. a finesse of up to 5400 has been found. If attached to the Virgo antenna suspension (SA), a similar device is sensitive enough to detect the thermal displacement noise of the SA test mass, which is expected to limit the Virgo antenna sensitivity between 10 and 600 Hz. Reducing the Virgo noise floor is a challenge for future antenna development, as this region is the most promising one for coalescing binary stars and pulsar signals.     

钛宝石激光器中用优化Gires-Tournois镜产生15 fs脉冲

根据飞秒脉冲锁模钛宝石激光器脉冲压缩的要求,介绍了负色散镜补偿色散的基本原理及其特点。详细阐述了优化Gires-Tournois(OG-T)镜的设计过程,并通过计算机优化得到理想设计膜系。采用离子束溅射的方法镀制了优化Gires—Tournois镜。测量了优化Gires-Tournois镜(编号为OGT#1)的透射率和群延迟色散,并与设计值进行了比较,分析了实测值产生偏差的原因,从而对镀膜参量进行了相应的调整,制造了第二批优化Gires—Tournois镜(编号为OGT#2)。将优化Gires—Tournois镜用于钛宝石激光器振荡级内,单程5次通过三个优化Gires-Tournois镜,补偿了激光器腔内色散,实现了飞秒锁模脉冲运转。用OGT#1先进行了实验,获得32fs的脉冲和46nin的光谱宽度。用调整参量后的OGT#2进行了实验,获得了15fs的超短脉冲和91nm的光谱宽度。实验很好的验证了负色散镜补偿色散的优点,为国内啁啾镜的研制创造了条件。     

基于正交化算法的三值互连神经网络模型

提出了以信息损失最少为原则的三值(±1)互连权重编码方法，这种编码方法比以前的三值权重编码方法显著地提高了神经网络的性能。由于互连权重只有三值，恰恰弥补了光互连精度不高的缺点，易于光学实现。