卟啉四臂星型聚乳酸的制备与表征

利用本体聚合方法,采用辛酸亚锡为催化剂,四氨基苯基卟啉为引发剂,引发丙交酯开环聚合,制备四臂星型聚乳酸功能高分子材料.采用1 H-NMR,FTIR,GPC等对星型聚合物的分子结构、分子量及其分布等进行了研究.利用溶液浇铸成膜方法,制备了聚乳酸薄膜材料;并利用XRD方法,研究了聚乳酸薄膜的结构.研究表明,利用四氨基苯基卟啉为引发剂,合成了以卟啉为核的四臂星型聚合物,其溶液浇铸薄膜具有正交晶系α晶型结构,而线型聚乳酸呈非晶态结构.利用紫外可见吸收光谱研究了星型聚乳酸的光谱性质,结果表明合成聚合物具有锡卟啉的光学特性.     

可生物降解的聚乳酸弹性体的合成与表征

本文将丙交酯（ＤＬ－ＬＡ）与聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）的预聚体用甲苯－二异氰酸酯８０（ＴＤＩ）扩链，得到了一系列的聚乳酸（聚醚）型聚氨酯（ＰＥＧ－ＰＬＡ／ＰＵ）弹性体。对预聚体和弹性体分别进行了ＩＲ、ＨＮＭＲ和ＤＭＡ表征，并测定了弹性体的力学性能。结果表明，ＬＡ与ＰＥＧ生成的预聚体是一种三嵌段结构：ＨＯ－ＰＬＡ－ＰＥＧ－ＰＬＡ－ＯＨ。随着ＰＥＧ含量的增加，弹性体的玻璃化温度下降；ＰＥＧ分子量增大时，弹性体     

阻燃型聚乳酸基聚氨酯的合成与表征

以聚乳酸二醇、六次甲基二异氰酸酯和二溴新戊二醇设计合成出一系列阻燃型聚乳酸基聚氨酯。 通过核磁、凝胶色谱和红外等表征了材料的结构性能。 结果表明,二溴新戊二醇作为扩链剂可满足制备高相对分子质量聚氨酯的要求,材料的热学性能随聚乳酸二醇相对分子质量和硬段质量分数的增加而增加。 同时该类聚氨酯具有较好的力学性能,拉伸强度在50 MPa附近,接近工业级别的聚乳酸。 材料的阻燃性能随着溴质量分数的增加而增强。 当溴质量分数为8.6%,聚氨酯的极限氧指数(LOI)为28,属于难燃级别材料。     

水溶性星型聚丙烯酰胺的合成和表征

通过T8硅氧烷六面体选择性的硅氢化反应, 制备了一个具有八个激化位的硅氧烷六面体巨激化体, 并利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)技术合成含无机核的星型聚丙烯酰胺高分子. 这类高分子具有良好的水溶性, 展现出分子量高度可控性和窄的分子量分布.     

聚氨酯对聚乳酸溶液流变性能的影响

采用高级旋转流变仪研究了1,4-二氧六环/左旋聚乳酸/聚氨酯(DO/PLLA/PU)共混溶液的流变性能,探讨了PU的加入对共混溶液的流动曲线、非牛顿指数及表观粘流活化能的影响.结果表明,在实验条件下,共混溶液为剪切变稀非牛顿流体,PU含量的增加使得共混溶液的表观粘度增大;共混溶液的非牛顿指数的研究表明,随着PU含量的增加,非牛顿指数呈现下降趋势,随着温度的升高,同一组成的共混溶液非牛顿指数也呈现下降趋势,说明共混溶液的粘度随着PU含量的增加以及温度的升高,对剪切速率的依赖性依然很强.粘流活化能的研究结果表明,在较高剪切速率下,PU的加入使得共混溶液对温度的敏感性下降.     

端羟基聚乳酸的合成与表征

采用共沸除水与醇酸缩合反应相结合的方法合成端羟基聚乳酸。通过L9(3^4)正交实验对合成工艺进行了研究,分析了抗氧剂TPP对反应的影响,并用^1H-NMR和DSC对产物结构进行表征。结果表明,产物主要为聚乳酸-1,4-丁二醇(PIA-1,4-BD)。和分子量相同的聚乳酸-1,4-丁二醇．聚乳酸(PLA-1,4-BD-PLA)比较,PLA-1,4-BD具有较高的Tg。     

二乙醇胺改性聚乳酸的直接熔融聚合法合成及其表征

以乳酸(LA)、二乙醇胺(DEA)为原料,采用熔融聚合法直接合成了二乙醇胺改性聚乳酸,并用特性粘数、FT-IR、1H NMR、GPC、DSC、XRD等手段进行表征,探讨了催化剂种类和用量、熔融聚合反应时间、反应温度以及不同投料比、不同构型乳酸对聚合物合成的影响.在单体投料摩尔比n(DEA):n(L-LA)=1:200、160℃、70Pa、催化剂SnO用量0.7(wt)%、熔融聚合8h条件下,聚合物重均相对分子质量(Mw)可达8100.随着投料比中DEA的增加,产物特性粘数逐步降低,Mw逐渐减小,玻璃化温度(Tg)有降低的趋势.以L-LA聚合得到的聚合物的Mw、分散度(Mw/Mn)和结晶度均比由D,L-LA得到的产物的更高.因此,笔者认为,由于D,L-A与L-LA存在反应速率差异,因而二者有不同的反应历程.新合成方法有利于降低二乙醇胺改性聚乳酸作为药物缓释载体等生物医学材料的合成成本.     

低温溶液法合成一维ZnO纳米管

以硝酸锌为锌源,25%氨水为碱液,在pH10的条件下,于75℃反应11 h合成了一维ZnO纳米管。用XRD,SEM,Raman和可见分光光度计对其形貌、结构和光学性能进行了研究。结果表明,ZnO纳米管为规则的六棱柱,平均直径100 nm,长度达数微米。     

苯胺四聚体与聚乙二醇嵌段及星型共聚物的合成及表征

以氨基封端的苯胺四聚体为基础, 通过将端氨基取代为不同数量的羧基, 得到了一系列连接臂数不同的苯胺四聚体-聚乙二醇共聚物, 对反应历程中的各阶段产物进行了结构表征, 并对苯胺四聚体及最终产物进行了电化学性能测试. 结构表征证明反应按照设计路线成功进行并得到了理想的产物; 循环伏安特性曲线表明, 共聚物基本保留了苯胺四聚体的电化学性能, 可以发生从还原态到中间态再到氧化态的转变.     

聚乳酸的合成及分析

采用间接开环聚合法合成了平均分子量为444，848的聚乳酸，并对合成工艺作了优化。用IR对所得单体丙交酯和聚乳酸进行了结构分析，结果表明，丙交酯和聚乳酸的谱图中各官能团十分明显。     

Poly(lactic acid) Synthesis in Solution Polymerization

The step-growth polymerization of L-lactic acid in solution was studied in this work. In order to attain a polymer with high molecular weight, the water formed during the polymerization must be continuously removed. The use of organic solvents with high boiling point, drying agents and reduced pressure led to poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with high molecular weight, directly from the monomer. Tin (II) chloride dihydrate, SnCl₂.2H₂O, was the best of the catalysts tested as it allowed achieving PLA with a molecular weight close to 80 000 g.mol⁻¹. However, the stereoregurarity control is a severe problem in PLA synthesis by step-growth due to transesterification reactions, which lead to an inversion of the conformation and a decrease of the optical purity of the polymer. Specific rotation measurements were used in this work and showed to be a powerful technique to evaluate the racemization extent. The thermal stability of the PLA samples was evaluated by DSC which exhibits a thermal behaviour similar to the commercial Polylactide.     

稀土固体超强酸so2-4/tio2-ce4+直接法催化合成聚乳酸

滴定沉淀法制备了SO42-/TiO2-Ce4 稀土固体超强酸催化剂,得到了可作为直接法合成聚乳酸催化剂的制备工艺:硫酸浸渍浓度1.0 mol/L,Ce4 浓度0.08 mol/L,浸渍时间10 h,焙烧温度500℃,焙烧时间3 h,并将该固体超强酸催化剂用于直接催化合成聚乳酸。考察了聚合温度、聚合时间、催化剂用量及聚合压力对聚乳酸合成的影响,得到了最佳工艺条件为:催化剂用量为乳酸质量的0.174%,先在120℃,2 000 Pa下预聚5 h,然后在180℃,1 000 Pa下聚合15 h,最后在120℃,500 Pa下聚合20 h,得到的聚乳酸分子量为1.39×104。     

稀土固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2-Ce~(4+)直接法催化合成聚乳酸

滴定沉淀法制备了SO42-/TiO2-Ce4+稀土固体超强酸催化剂,得到了可作为直接法合成聚乳酸催化剂的制备工艺:硫酸浸渍浓度1.0 mol/L,Ce4+浓度0.08 mol/L,浸渍时间10 h,焙烧温度500℃,焙烧时间3 h,并将该固体超强酸催化剂用于直接催化合成聚乳酸。考察了聚合温度、聚合时间、催化剂用量及聚合压力对聚乳酸合成的影响,得到了最佳工艺条件为:催化剂用量为乳酸质量的0.174%,先在120℃,2 000 Pa下预聚5 h,然后在180℃,1 000 Pa下聚合15 h,最后在120℃,500 Pa下聚合20 h,得到的聚乳酸分子量为1.39×104。     

Effect of pH on Poly(acrylic acid) Solution Polymerization

The free-radical redox-initiated aqueous solution polymerization of fully and partially neutralized acrylic acid was carried out at room temperature under full exposure to air. The effect of neutralization degree on the polymerization rate and product properties was studied. Increasing neutralization of the reaction mixture with sodium hydroxide resulted in greater conversion of acrylic acid to sodium acrylate. The rate of polymerization, determined from a gravimetric off-line water removal technique, was shown to decrease significantly with decreasing degree of neutralization. Molecular weight also decreased with decreasing degree of neutralization. The glass transition temperature and hydrophilicity of the polymer product decreased with increasing degree of neutralization. In-line infrared monitoring was also used to monitor the reaction progress and was shown to be an effective tool for this purpose.     

原位溶液聚合聚苯胺与聚苯乙烯溶液共混复合材料的制备及表征

以DNSA掺杂剂,在醇(或酮)-水介质中采用原位溶液聚合法制备出了聚苯胺,以溶液共混法制备出了聚苯胺/聚苯乙烯复合材料,采用红外光谱、热失重、元素分析、扫描电镜对产物进行了表征。结果显示：掺杂的聚苯胺电导率最高为0.65 S/cm,优于常用的DBSA,具有一定实用价值和理论意义。该复合材料表面电阻率最低为101Ω/□数量级,并在一定范围内可调,可用于电磁屏蔽,适合于聚合物表面使用。     

Isoselective Polymerization of rac-Lactide by Highly Active Sequential {ONNN} Magnesium Complexes

The coordination chemistry and the activities in the ring-opening polymerization catalysis of racemic lactide (LA) of magnesium complexes of a series of {ONNN}-type sequential monoanionic ligands are described. All ligands include pyridyl and substituted-phenolate as peripheral groups. The ligands bearing either chiral or meso-bipyrrolidine cores led to single diastereomeric complexes, whereas the ligands bearing a diaminoethane core led to diastereomer mixtures. All {ONNN}Mg-X complexes [X=Cl, HMDS (hexamethyldisilazide)] led to highly active and isoselective catalysts. The complexes bearing the chiral bipyrrolidine core exhibited the highest activities (full consumption of 5000 equiv. of rac-LA at RT within 5 min) and highest isoselectivities (P_m=0.91), as well as a living character. The complexes of the meso-bipyrrolidine based ligands were almost as active and slightly less stereoselective, while those of the diaminoethane based ligands exhibited reduced activities and isoselectivities.     

Design,Synthesis and Characterization of A Novel Cationic Polymer Poly(lactic acid-b-L-lysine)

A novel biodegradable block copolymer poly(lactic acid-b-lysine) (PLA-b-PLL) has been synthesized and characterized in this study. This product was synthesized via a five-step reaction: Synthesis of hydroxyl-tailed poly(lactic acid) (PLA) by the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of D,L-lactide in the presence of stannous octoate (Sn(OCt)₂) as initiator; coupling N-t-butoxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine to hydroxyl-tailed PLA using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP); the amino-tailed PLA was obtained through de-protection of the Boc-protective group in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) solution; and then ring-opening polymerization of N ^ε -(Z)-lysine-N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) using the amino-tailed PLA as macro-initiator; finally removal of the Cbz-protective group of PLA-b-poly(N ^ε -(Z)-L-lysine) (PLA-b-PLL(Z) in a mixed hydrobromic acid/acetic acid solution to give the target copolymer. The characterization of this copolymer and its precursors were performed by ¹H-NMR, FTIR and GPC. The block copolymer PLA-b-PLL, combining the characteristics of an aliphatic polyester and poly(amino acids), could be of potential interest in a variety of medical applications, such as the fields of targeted drug delivery and gene delivery systems.     

Isoselective Polymerization of rac-Lactide by Aluminum Complexes of N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Phosphinidene Adducts

The N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphinidene adducts (NHC)PH were reacted with AlMe₃ in toluene to afford the monoaluminum complexes [{(IDipp)PH}AlMe₃] and [{(IMes)PH}AlMe₃] (IDipp=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene, IMes=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene). In contrast, the dialuminum complex [{(^MeIMes)PH}(AlMe₃)₂] was obtained for ^MeIMes=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dimethylimidazolin-2-ylidene. These complexes served as initiators for the efficient ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide in toluene at 60 °C. High degrees of isoselectivity were found for the poly(rac-lactide) obtained in the presence of the monoaluminum complexes (P_m up to 0.92, T_m up to 191 °C), whereas almost atactic polymers were produced by the dialuminum complex. Detailed mechanistic studies reveal that the polymerization proceeds via a coordination-insertion mechanism with the carbene-phosphinidene ligands acting as stereodirecting groups.