Charges of soluble amphiphiles and particles: random and diblock copolymerizations of MAA/AAm,MAA/St,and MAA/4VP in ethanol

Random and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerizations of methacrylic acid (MAA)/acrylamide (AAm), MAA/styrene (St), and MAA/4-vinyl pyridine (4VP) were carried out in ethanol. (CPDB)-terminated PMAA (PMAA-CPDB) and 2,2′-azobis(2,4-diemthylvaleronitrile) (V-65) was used as the macromolecular chain transfer agent (CTA) and initiator, respectively. Electric conductivity of copolymerization systems was traced throughout the polymerizations, and charges of soluble copolymer and particles were detected. As a result, a considerable increase of conductivity was observed in all of the RAFT polymerization systems, whereas the variation of conductivity in the random copolymerization systems was insignificant. The high conductivity of RAFT polymerization was dominantly contributed by the soluble diblock copolymers in the serum, rather than their particles, except for P(MAA-b-4VP) where only the particles was obtained due to the zwitterionic interactions of PMAA segments and 4VP. In the direct current (DC) field, the behavior of these soluble diblock copolymers, P(MAA-b-AAM) and P(MAA-b-St), indicated that they were positively charged, whereas the particles of (PMAA-b-AAm) and P(MAA-b-4VP) were surprisingly negatively charged, though the composition of MAA was dominant. Soluble random copolymers of P(MAA-co-St) and P(MAA-co-4VP) represented the charge neutrality. These results indicated that the positive charges were contributed by the solvophobic block in the soluble diblock copolymers. Therefore, the diblock copolymers were the macrodipoles boosting the conductivity of solution. Meanwhile, it indicated that the electrostatic interactions of dipoles were possibly the main driving force of their self-assembly. Generally, compared with RAFT polymerization, the particles were hard to be prepared in the random copolymerization. It implies that the electrostatic interactions of diblock copolymers also played an important role in the particle formation.

REE bound proteins in natural plant fernDicranopteris dichitoma by MAA

Biochemical techniques, including pH variation, outsalting, ultracentrifugation, gel filtration chromatography and electrophoresis, etc., have been employed together with instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) to study the rare earth elements (REE) bound proteins in the natural plant fern,Dicranopteris dichitoma. INAA was also used to identify whether the proteins were bound firmly with REE. The results obtained show that two REE bound proteins (RBP-I and RBP-II) have been separated. The molecular weight of RBP-I on Sephadex G-200 gel column is about 8·10⁵ Daltons and that of RBP-II is less than 12,400 Daltons, respectively. However, SDS-PAGE of the two proteins shows that they mainly have two protein subunits with MW 14,100 and 38,700 Daltons. They are probably conjugated proteins, glycoproteins with different glyco-units.     

REE bound polysaccharides in leaves of Dicranopteris dichotoma by MAA

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Sulfur Deficiency Changes Mycosporine-like Amino Acid (MAA) Composition of Anabaena variabilis PCC 7937: A Possible Role of Sulfur in MAA Bioconversion

In the present investigation we show for the first time that bioconversion of a primary mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA) into a secondary MAA is regulated by sulfur deficiency in the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis PCC 7937. This cyanobacterium synthesizes the primary MAA shinorine (RT = 2.2 min, λ_max = 334 nm) under normal conditions (PAR + UV-A + UV-B); however, under sulfur deficiency, a secondary MAA palythine-serine (RT = 3.9 min, λ_max = 320 nm) appears. Addition of methionine to sulfur-deficient cultures resulted in the disappearance of palythine-serine, suggesting the role of primary MAAs under sulfur deficiency in recycling of methionine by donating the methyl group from the glycine subunit of shinorine to tetrahydrofolate to regenerate the methionine from homocysteine. This is also the first report for the synthesis of palythine-serine by cyanobacteria which has so far been reported only from corals. Addition of methionine also affected the conversion of mycosporine-glycine into shinorine, consequently, resulted in the appearance of mycosporine-glycine (RT = 3.6 min, λ_max = 310 nm). Our results also suggest that palythine-serine is synthesized from shinorine. Based on these results we propose that glycine decarboxylase is the potential enzyme that catalyzes the bioconversion of shinorine to palythine-serine by decarboxylation and demethylation of the glycine unit of shinorine.     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯,甲基丙烯酸与分子氧的初始氧化反应

本文研究了甲基丙烯酸及其甲酯与分子氧Ｏ２的初始氧化反应?随着通Ｏ２后密封放置时间的增加，ＭＭＡ中所生成的氢过氧化物浓度逐渐增加。而ＭＡＡ中却无变化。     

用MAA荧光猝灭法研究苦参碱和氧化苦参碱药物代谢动力学

用乙酸（β－二羟基－α－甲基）乙烯酯（MAA）荧光法对苦参碱1氧化苦参碱在单味药、单体药和复方药中药物代谢这进行了对比研究,有兔的血药浓度计算了苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的药物代谢动力学参数,实验结果提示苦参碱、氧化苦参碱在方药中的吸收代谢较好。     

Iodine determination in water samples from endemic goitrous areas using MAA

A rapid and simple method for the determination of iodine from water has been described which is based on preconcentration of iodine with 0.1M solution of 4-(5-nonylpyridine) in benzene or carbon tetrachloride from 1–2M HNO₃ followed by neutron irradiation and gamma-ray activity measurements. A clinical survey of endemic goitrous area has also been made to find a possible correlation between the endemic goiter and iodine deficiency in water.     

叔丁醇氧化制MAL,MAA催化剂研究

甲基丙烯酸(MAA)是有机玻璃和有机合成的重要原料,对其需求与日俱增.目前主要由丙酮氰醇法生产,该法的成本较高并污染环境.日本已成功地研究出由异丁烯(或叔丁醇)两段氧化制MAA的新工艺~[1],为满足商业上对高活性、高选择性及高稳定性催化剂的需求,人们仍存不断地开发新型催化剂,本文研制的七元钼系催化剂对叔丁醇氧化制备甲基丙烯醛     

激光促进异丁烷选择氧化制甲基丙烯酸

用共沉淀法制备了Fe和Mo的复合氧化物.运用XRD、 IR、 TPD和LSSR技术研究了其晶体结构、表面构造、化学吸附特性和激光促进异丁烷选择氧化反应性能.结果表明: Fe-Mo-O的主体物相为Fe2(MoO4)3,并有少量的MoO3相;其表面上存在Lewis碱位(Mo=O和Mo-O-Fe键中的O)及Lewis酸位Fe3+;异丁烷的两个甲基H分别吸附在两个相邻的Lewis碱位(Mo=O)上形成双位分子吸附态;在常压和200℃条件下,用一定频率的激光激发Mo=O键1000次,异丁烷的转化率为5.8%,其反应产物是异丁烯、甲基丙烯醛和甲基丙烯酸,其中甲基丙烯酸的选择性为80%.根据实验结果,探讨了激光促进异丁烷选择氧化为甲基丙烯酸的表面反应机理.     

单分散磁性P(St/BA/MAA)微球的制备

在共沉淀法合成超细磁流体的基础上 ,以苯乙烯 (St)、丙烯酸丁酯 (BA)和甲基丙烯酸 (MAA)为共聚单体 ,在不同的介质体系中采用无皂乳液聚合法制备了单分散 ,粒径范围为 80～ 2 30nm的磁性P(St BA MAA)微球 .详细探讨了介质极性、磁流体中表面活性剂含量对磁性高分子微球粒径和单分散性的影响 .实验结果表明 ,在一定范围内随介质极性降低 ,磁性高分子微球的单分散性提高 ,随表面活性剂用量增加 ,单分散性变差 .总体来看 ,磁性高分子微球的单分散性与其表面静电斥力密切相关 ,过大或过小的静电斥力均会导致磁性高分子微球单分散性的降低 .     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸NiPMo12催化剂的研究

用硝酸镍对磷钼酸(MPA)进行改性制得NiPMo12催化剂.采用ICP,XRD,Tg-DTA,EXAFS,IR,TPD-MS和微反技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、分子结构、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.350℃下NiPMo12催化剂仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni—O—Mo的桥氧协同作用下可生成CO2桥式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O—(CO)—(O-—Ni).丙烯在催化剂上存在多种吸附态.在氢转移和碳插入作用下得到了反应产物MAA.在290℃和1MPa的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为2.6%,产物MAA选择性为96%.     

pH响应型P(HEMA/MAA)纳米微凝胶分散液的凝胶化行为和流变性能

制备了在修复受损组织方面有应用潜能的纳米级聚(甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯/甲基丙烯酸) (P(HEMA/MAA))微凝胶; 采用试管倒转法对不同pH值和浓度的P(HEMA/MAA)微凝胶分散液的凝胶化相转变行为进行了研究; 借助椎板流变仪考察了低浓度和高浓度微凝胶分散液的流变性能, 并对pH触发物理凝胶化相转变机理进行了推测. 结果表明: 在生理pH值环境下, 一定浓度的P(HEMA/MAA)微凝胶分散液可以发生凝胶化相转变形成凝胶态, pH=7时, HEMA/MAA进料摩尔比为8/2的微凝胶分散液凝胶化后得到的凝胶力学性能最佳, 最大弹性模量(G')可达7.58×10³ Pa; P(HEMA/MAA)微凝胶颗粒在不同条件下具有不同的溶胀效果, 导致低浓度分散液的表观粘度发生相应的变化, 并由此推测出微凝胶颗粒的溶胀过程由外及内, 分为三个阶段; 高浓度微凝胶分散液发生凝胶化相转变主要是由颗粒间或颗粒与分散介质间形成的空间静电稳定作用和氢键共同作用引起的.     

Poly(PEGDMA‐MAA) copolymeric micro and nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery

Poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) based micro and nanoparticles were prepared and evaluated as a carrier for oral delivery of insulin. PEGDMA was synthesized by esterification reaction of the PEG4000 with MAA in the presence of an acid catalyst. Particles of different size were prepared by emulsion polymerization reaction using different concentration of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) as an emulsifying agent. Synthesized copolymeric particle were characterized by attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, and acid value. The mean particle diameter of the polymeric micro and nanoparticles at various physiologically relevant pH values was measured using dynamic light scattering. Insulin loading efficiency of the particles was found to be directly proportional to the particle size and inversely proportional to the acid value of the particles. In vitro insulin release studies from various insulin loaded particles were performed by simulating the gastrointestinal tract conditions using HPLC. At pH 2.5, the release of insulin from polymeric particles was observed in the range of 5–8% while a significant higher release (20–35%) was observed at pH 7.4 during first 15 min of in vitro release. Largest size copolymeric particles of 8.3 µm also showed the highest efficiency to reduce the blood glucose level in diabetic rabbits. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

锂铅磷酸盐表面上激光促进异丁烷选择氧化制甲基丙烯酸

采用共沉淀法,制备了５％Ｌｉ３ＰＯ４－Ｐｂ３（ＰＯ４）２固体材料。运用ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ、ＴＰＤ和ＬＳＳＲ技术,研究了其晶体结构、表面构造、化学吸附特性和激光促进异丁烷选择氧化的反应性能。结果表明,复合盐的主体晶相为Ｐｂ３（ＰＯ４）２,Ｌｉ３ＰＯ４以分子分散态掺杂在主体相中;其表面存在Ｌｅｗｉｓ碱位（Ｐ＝Ｏ和Ｐ－Ｏ－Ｐｂ键中的Ｏ＾２－）及Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸位、Ｐｂ＾２＋ｔ Ｌｉ＾＋;异丁烷的两个甲基中的Ｈ分别     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸NiPW12O40催化剂的研究

用硝酸镍对磷钨酸(TPA)进行改性制得NiPW12O40催化剂．采用ICP、XRD、TG—DTA、IR、TPD-MS和微反技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、分子结构、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能．在350℃下，NiPW12O40催化剂仍保持原有的Keggin结构，其表面存在两种活性基元．CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni—O—W的桥氧协同作用下可生成CO2桥式吸附态Ni(I)←O-(CO)-(O—Ni)．丙烯以中间碳上的氢和甲基上的氢分别在两种活性基元吸附．在氢转移和碳插入作用下得到了相应的反应产物即甲基丙烯酸(MAA)和3-丁烯酸(β-butenic acid)．在290℃，1MPa的反应条件下，丙烯的摩尔转化率2．7％，MAA选择性96％。     

苯乙烯—甲基丙烯酸超浓乳液的制备及聚合

超浓乳液聚合有着良好的应用前景［１，２］．但文献报道的超浓乳液研究多集中于苯乙烯体系，而对于在此基础上引入功能基单体制备超浓乳液，研究得较少［３］．本文研究了影响苯乙烯（Ｓｔ）与甲基丙烯酸（ＭＡＡ）制备（Ｓｔ－ＭＡＡ）超浓乳液稳定性的因素．探讨了其聚...     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸CuPW/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钨酸(TPA)的铜盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了CuPW/TiO2催化剂。使用ICP、XRD、TG-DTA、IR、TPD-MS和微反技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能。实验结果表明杂多钨酸盐与TiO2表面通过O2-桥发生键合作用。在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构。CO2在Lewis酸位Cu(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Cu—O—W的桥氧协同作用下形成卧式吸附态。丙烯以分子吸附态在催化剂上选择吸附。在563 K,1 MPa和空速1 500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为4.3%,产物MAA(甲基丙烯酸)的选择性为96%。     

Effect of Polymerization Condition on Particle Size Distribution in St/BA/MAA Emulsion Polymerization Process

IntroductionIn the last decade of this century, the carboxylation of latexes has received more andmore attention because of their practical application[']. The application includes adhesives,coatings, etc.. Many studies on the theory of carboxylation emulsion polymerization havebeen carried out. Most of these studies have focused on ideal monomer and single emulsifier inorder to simplify the system['J. But in practicable application, mixed monomers and mixedemulsifiers are often usedL3j. The…