Isospin amplitudes and CP violation in (B \to K \pi) decays

We present a simple isospin invariant parametrization for decay amplitudes which consistently includes CP violation and (quasi-elastic) hadronic final state interactions. We find that the observed decays do not lead to a significant bound on the angle of the unitarity triangle. On the other hand, we claim that a sizeable CP violation asymmetry in rates is by no means excluded. Received: 9 June 1998 / Published online: 8 September 1998     

Some Possible Effects of the Absorptive Part of Penguin Diagram

The absorptive part of the penguin diagram (APP) is one of the necessary conditions for some CP violation quantities. In this paper, we investigate some possible effects of APP in D^o and B^o systems including isospin asymmetry in the final states and phase shift in parameters, and decay rate difference of D^o and D^o, even though it is hard to observe them in near future and in contrast, this effect does not appear in K-system.     

Best values for the CP-odd meson–nucleon couplings from supersymmetry

In the supersymmetric models, the dominant sources of the hadronic flavor-diagonal CP violation at low energy are the theta term and the chromoelectric dipole moments of quarks. Using QCD sum rules, we estimate the preferred range and the best values for the CP-odd meson–nucleon coupling constants induced by these operators. When the theta term is removed by the axion mechanism, the size of the most important isospin triplet pion–nucleon coupling is estimated to be , where chromoelectric dipole moments are given in units of 10⁻²⁶ cm.     

Isospin violating mechanisms in quarkonium hadronic decays

We analyze the φ meson production in e+e-→ωπ0 as a probe for studying the isospin violation mechanisms.By clarifying the dynamic sources causing the isospin violation,we succeed in quantifying those mechanisms with the help of the recent KLOE data.Hence,the φ→ωπ0 branching ratio is extracted.We find that apart from the electromagnetic(EM)transitions,the strong transition via intermediate kaon loops plays an important role in understanding the cross section and its lineshape.     

Testing non-standard CP violation in neutrino propagation

Non-standard physics which can be described by effective four fermion interactions may be an additional source of CP violation in the neutrino propagation. We discuss the detectability of such a CP violation at a neutrino factory. We assume the current baseline setup of the international design study of a neutrino factory (IDS-NF) for the simulation. We find that the CP violation from certain non-standard interactions is, in principle, detectable significantly below their current bounds – even if there is no CP violation in the standard oscillation framework. Therefore, a new physics effect might be mis-interpreted as the canonical Dirac CP violation, and a possibly even more exciting effect might be missed.     

K→(ππ)(I=2) decay amplitude from lattice QCD

We report on the first realistic ab initio calculation of a hadronic weak decay, that of the amplitude A(2) for a kaon to decay into two π mesons with isospin 2. We find ReA(2)=(1.436±0.063(stat)±0.258(syst))10(-8) GeV in good agreement with the experimental result and for the hitherto unknown imaginary part we find ImA(2)=-(6.83±0.51(stat)±1.30(syst))10(-13) GeV. Moreover combining our result for ImA(2) with experimental values of ReA(2), ReA(0), and ε'/ε, we obtain the following value for the unknown ratio ImA(0)/ReA(0) within the standard model: ImA(0)/ReA(0)=-1.63(19)(stat)(20(syst)×10(-4). One consequence of these results is that the contribution from ImA(2) to the direct CP violation parameter ε' (the so-called Electroweak Penguin contribution) is Re(ε'/ε)(EWP)=-(6.52±0.49(stat)±1.24(syst))×10(-4). We explain why this calculation of A(2) represents a major milestone for lattice QCD and discuss the exciting prospects for a full quantitative understanding of CP violation in kaon decays.     

Bohr's complementarity relation and the violation of CP symmetry in the neutral kaon system

We test Bohr's complementary relation, for single and bipartite neutral kaons. They present a system that is oscillating, decaying and breaks the CP symmetry. We discuss the effect of the CP violation and moreover show that the quantity that complements the single partite information for bipartite kaons is an entanglement measure. Which is independent of CP violation, while nonlocality is sensitive to CP violation.     

Isospin as a hidden variable

A hidden isospin variable is coupled to the spin of particles observed in an EPR experiment. For spin-1/2 it is shown that isospin i3/2 is sufficient to ensure a locally realistic spin distribution. For spin-1, examples of violation of the Mermin-Schwarz inequalities in the case of i=0 are shown satisfied with isospin. The general feature of a softening of quantum nonlocality with isospin is suggested, as well as applications to quantum physics at high energy.     

The neutral kaon decays to \pi^+ \pi^- \pi^0: a detailed analysis of the CPLEAR data

A detailed analysis of neutral kaons decaying to is presented based on the complete data set containing half a million events. Time-dependent decay rate asymmetries are measured between initially tagged and and for different regions of the phase space. These asymmetries, resulting from the interference between the CP-conserving decay amplitude of and the decay amplitude of – either CP-violating or CP-conserving – allow the determination of the parameters (CP-violating) and (CP-conserving), and also of the main isospin components of the decay amplitude. The branching ratio of (CP-conserving) is deduced directly from . In addition, we extract the slope parameters describing the energy dependence of the Dalitz plot. The whole set of our results fits well within the current phenomenological picture of the neutral-kaon system including CP violation and Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT). Received: 13 March 1998 / Published online: 3 September 1998     

CP violation in a multi higgs doublet model

We study CP violation in a multi-Higgs doublet model based on aS ₃×Z ₃ horizontal symmetry. We consider two mechanisms for CP violation in this model: a) CP violation due to complex Yukawa couplings; and b) CP violation due to scalarpseudoscalar mixings. We find that the predictions for ε′/ε, CP violation in B decays and the electric dipole moments of neutron and electron are different between these two mechanisms. These predictions are also dramatically different from the minimal Standard Model predictions.     

CP violation in a multi higgs doublet model

We study CP violation in a multi-Higgs doublet model based on aS ₃×Z ₃ horizontal symmetry. We consider two mechanisms for CP violation in this model: a) CP violation due to complex Yukawa couplings; and b) CP violation due to scalarpseudoscalar mixings. We find that the predictions for ε′/ε, CP violation in B decays and the electric dipole moments of neutron and electron are different between these two mechanisms. These predictions are also dramatically different from the minimal Standard Model predictions.     

CP violation with Higgs-dependent Yukawa couplings

The framework of Higgs-dependent Yukawa couplings allows one to eliminate small couplings from the Standard Model, which can be tested at the LHC. In this work, I study the conditions for CP violation to occur in such models. I identify a class of weak basis invariants controlling CP violation. The invariant measure of CP violation is found to be more than 10 orders of magnitude greater than that in the Standard Model, which can be sufficient for successful electroweak baryogenesis.     

Complex CKM from spontaneous CP violation without flavor changing neutral current

We analyse the general constraints on unified gauge models with spontaneous CP breaking that satisfy the conditions that (i) CP violation in the quark sector is described by a realistic complex CKM matrix, and (ii) there is no significant flavor changing neutral current effects in the quark sector. We show that the crucial requirement in order to conform to the above conditions is that spontaneous CP breaking occurs at a very high scale by complex vevs of standard model singlet Higgs fields. Two classes of models are found, one consisting of pure Higgs extensions and the other one involving fermionic extensions of the standard model. We give examples of each class and discuss their possible embeddings into higher unified theories. One of the models has the interesting property that spontaneous CP violation is triggered by spontaneous P violation, thereby linking the scale of CP violation to the seesaw scale for neutrino masses.     

CP violation in the general two-Higgs-doublet model: a geometric view

We discuss the CP properties of the potential in the general two-Higgs-doublet model (THDM). This is done in a concise way using real gauge invariant functions built from the scalar products of the doublet fields. The space of these invariant functions, parametrising the gauge orbits of the Higgs fields, is isomorphic to the forward light cone and its interior. CP transformations are shown to correspond to reflections in the space of the gauge invariant functions. We consider CP transformations where no mixing of the Higgs doublets is taken into account as well as the general case where the Higgs basis is not fixed. We present basis independent conditions for explicit CP violation which may be checked easily for any THDM potential. Conditions for spontaneous CP violation, that is CP violation through the vacuum expectation values of the Higgs fields, are also derived in a basis independent way.     

CP in R-parity violating models

It is shown that in R-parity violating models of supersymmetry, the CP violation observed in the kaon system could arise purely from the R-parity violating scalar interactions (A-terms), with no CP violation in the CKM matrix. The direct CP violating parameter, ′, could be as large or larger than that expected in the Standard Model. CP violation in the B system however is expected to be negligible.     

A parameterization of electro-weak mass matrices for quarks

We discuss quark flavor mixing and CP violation using a 10 parameter quark mass matrix in the electro-weak basis. The matrix handles the high mass of the top quark, 174±16 GeV, and contains two CP violating phases. We show that this scheme favors minimal CP violation by a single phase factor and leads to maximal CP violation in the standard parameterization of the quark flavor mixing matrix.     

Neutral Higgs bosons in the MNMSSM with explicit CP violation

Within the framework of the minimal non-minimal supersymmetric standard model (MNMSSM) with tadpole terms, CP violation effects in the Higgs sector are investigated at the one-loop level, where the radiative corrections from the loops of the quark and squarks of the third generation are taken into account. Assuming that the squark masses are not degenerate, the radiative corrections due to the stop and sbottom quarks give rise to CP phases which trigger the CP violation explicitly in the Higgs sector of the MNMSSM. The masses, the branching ratios for dominant decay channels, and the total decay widths of the five neutral Higgs bosons in the MNMSSM are calculated in the presence of explicit CP violation. The dependence of these quantities on the CP phases is quite recognizable, for given parameter values.     

VARIETIES OF CP VIOLATION IN NEUTRAL B MESON DECAYS

We discuss various CP violation effects of neutral B mesons within the framework of the standard model.We classify 28 hadronic two-body decay channels of neutral B mesons into four classes,each of them has different CP violation effects, that is,CP violation due to phase dif- ference between mixing elements M₁₂ and Г₁₂; due to that between mixing elements and decay amplitudes; due to CP phase in the pure particle decay amplitudes and the interplay of these sources .Cascade decays of these channels are also discussed where copious interference is taken into account .Results are given in re- phasing invariants of the K-M matrix .It is shown that CP violation effects might be large(tHe largest,10^-1,but the CP asymmetry event branching cross section is small,at the order or approximate 10^-5±1/2.     

CP asymmetries in decays of the D^{0}-\bar{D}^{0} system revisited

CP violation in neutral D meson decays to the CP eigenstates and non-CP eigenstates is studied systematically within the framework of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa model. The nonleptonic two-body decay processes and the decay processes with semileptonic tagging are discussed in detail and the upper bounds of the direct and indirect CP violation in these decay processes are obtained. A method to measure the mixing parameter [(e)\tilde]\tilde{\epsilon} and to separate the direct and indirect CP violation in the decay processes with semileptonic tagging are also discussed.     

THE CP VIOLATION OF SU(7) MODEL

We discuss the CP violation problem of SU(7) models of Grand Unified Theoryincluding four genarations^[1,2]. It is shown that if we properly choose the complex phaseangles in quark mass matrix elements, we are able to obtain the CP violation phaseangle which agrees well with the experimental value. If the Higgs potential is pro-perly choosen we find that the strong CP violation parameter θ is equal to zero atthe tree level.