Direct processes in chaotic microwave cavities in the presence of absorption

We quantify the presence of direct processes in the S matrix of chaotic microwave cavities with absorption in the one-channel case. To this end the full distribution P(S)(S) of the S matrix, i.e., S=sqrt[R]e(itheta), is studied in cavities with time-reversal symmetry for different antenna coupling strengths T(a) or direct processes. The experimental results are compared with random-matrix calculations and with numerical simulations including absorption. The theoretical result is a generalization of the Poisson kernel. The experimental and the numerical distributions are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions for all cases.     

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介绍了离子回旋波加热中天线的研究进展,讨论了传统环天线、相控双环天线及双臂单环天线激发波的频谱特征。使用射线轨迹方法对单通吸收率进行了数值计算,得到环向谱与单通吸收率的关系。由此验证了双臂单环天线有较好的耦合性能。该天线结构简单,能够改善加热性能。     

Antenna coupling study for ICWC plasma characterization in TEXTOR

Ion cyclotron wall conditioning (ICWC) discharges, in pulsed-mode operation, were carried out in the limiter tokamak TEXTOR to explore safe operational regimes for the experimental parameters for possible ICWC-discharge cleaning in International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) at half field. Antenna coupling properties obtained during the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) wall conditioning experiments performed in helium–hydrogen mixture in TEXTOR were analysed in relation to the obtained ICWC-plasma characterization results. Satisfactory antenna coupling in the mode conversion scenario along with reproducible generation of ICRF plasmas for wall conditioning, were achieved by coupling radio frequency (RF) power from one or two ICRF antennas. The plasma breakdown results obtained in the TEXTOR tokamak have been compared with the predictions of a zero-dimensional RF plasma production model. The present study of ICWC emphasizes the beneficial effect of application of an additional (along with toroidal magnetic field) stationary vertical (B _V???B _T) or oscillating poloidal magnetic field (B _P???B _T) on antenna coupling and relevant plasma parameters.     

快波加热的天线设计

托卡马克中离子回旋频段的天线耦合效率主要取决于天线的体制和天线的尺寸。根据等离子体对不同谱分量的吸收性能差别,以及天线激励电流的谱应与等离子体对射频波吸收谱相匹配,对快波加热天线设计问题进行了细致地探讨。     

Responsivity of infrared antenna-coupled microbolometers for air-side and substrate-side illumination

The response of an antenna-coupled microbolometer fabricated on a Si wafer coated on both sides with thin films of SiO₂ was measured for two types of illumination: through the substrate and from the air side. The measurement was performed in the spectral range from 9.22 to 10.84 μm. Both cases are modeled by using the transmission, reflection, and absorption properties of the three-layer wafer. The spectral characteristics of the SiO₂ thin film play a major role in the response of the detector. The responses of the sensor to the parallel and perpendicular polarizations are modeled by using two main contributions: the heating by absorption in the SiO₂ layer and the coupling of incident flux on the bolometer. Fitting this model to the experimental data allows us to conclude that the antenna response is the result of the incident flux coming from the substrate side. When the device is illuminated from the air side, the antenna signal results from the flux reflected at the film/substrate interface. The efficiencies of the contributions to the antenna signal coming from the substrate or from the air side have been obtained from the data fitted with the model. The substrate-side contribution is 50 times larger than the air-side contribution, confirming the theory of lithographic antenna on a dielectric substrate.     

An Algorithm for the Analysis of Inductive Antennas of Arbitrary Cross Section for Heating in the Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies

The application of ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) heating to near-ignited plasmas will require launching structures that will be capable of withstanding the harsh plasma environment. The recessed antenna configuration is expected to provide sufficient protection for the structure, but to date no analysis has been done to determine if adequate coupling can be achieved in such a configuration. In this work we present a method for determining the current distribution for the antenna in the direction transverse to current flow and predict antenna loading in the presence of plasma. Antennas of arbitrary cross section are analyzed above ground planes of arbitrary shape. Results from the antenna design code (ANDES) are presented and compared to experimental results.     

RF absorption and ion heating in helicon sources

Experimental data are presented that are consistent with the hypothesis that anomalous rf absorption in helicon sources is due to electron scattering arising from parametrically driven ion-acoustic waves downstream from the antenna. Also presented are ion temperature measurements demonstrating anisotropic heating (T( perpendicular)>T(parallel)) at the edge of the discharge. The most likely explanation is ion-Landau damping of electrostatic slow waves at a local lower-hybrid-frequency resonance.     

金纳米棒三聚体中的等离激元诱导透明

基于金纳米棒构成的三聚体微元结构模型,详细地研究了等离激元诱导透明(plasmon induced transparency,PIT)现象产生的物理过程.研究发现,三聚体的吸收谱线随着其耦合距离以及尺寸的变化,竖直金纳米棒所对应的偶极明模在平行双长条金纳米棒对应的暗模作用下会产生分裂.依据这一结果提出了一个新的物理解释,PIT现象的产生主要来自于竖直金纳米棒中偶极振荡的模式分裂后的相干叠加.同时,考虑到两个振子之间的耦合会伴随着一定的相位关联性,进而引入了耦合相位因子修正了洛伦兹振子耦合模型,解析地研究了耦合相位因子对吸收谱的调控作用和分裂明模之间的相干叠加效应对PIT效应的影响.这为在纳米尺寸范围设计人造原子、光开关、慢光效应等方面的应用提供了理论参考.     

Supercooled confined water and the mode coupling crossover temperature

We present a molecular dynamics study of the single-particle dynamics of supercooled water confined in a silica pore. Two dynamical regimes are found. Close to the hydrophilic substrate molecules are below the mode coupling crossover temperature, T(C), already at ambient temperature. The water closer to the center of the pore (free water) approaches upon supercooling T(C) as predicted by mode coupling theories. For free water the crossover temperature and crossover exponent gamma are extracted from power-law fits to both the diffusion coefficient and the relaxation time of the late alpha region.     

托卡马克中极向静电天线的离子Bernstein波的耦合计算

本文采用均匀的等离子体模型,对在托卡马克低场边由极向静电天线激发离子Bernstein波(IBW)的耦合问题作详细的理论分析。为了能更符合实验中的实际情况,文中考虑天线为有限长度以及非零的极向波数(k_y≠0)对耦合特性计算的影响。计算表明,极向静电天线可以有效地在等离子体中激发IBW。比较该天线与传统的环向IBW天线的辐射功率谱和阻抗等计算结果,表明两种天线对IBW的耦合有相似的特性。 关键词：     

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采用等离子体分层模型,利用WKB近似研究了离子回旋共振加热(ICRH)天线发射谱n||对离子回旋波在托卡马克等离子体的表面功率反射系数、吸收衰减的影响,数值模拟了不同天线发射谱n||条件下快波少数离子加热的效果.模拟结果表明,当其它实验参数一定时,ICRH天线发射合适的n||能提高天线与等离子体的耦合效率,增强少数离子加热的效果.     

螺旋天线轴向长度对螺旋波传播、吸收的影响

采用有限元法数值求解Maxwell方程组,分析H-1仿星器实验参数下螺旋天线的轴向长度对螺旋波传播、吸收的影响。计算结果表明：随着螺旋天线轴向长度的增加,天线总辐射能量和辐射电阻逐渐增大;在H-1等离子体中螺旋天线主要激发m=±1模式波,其中m=-1模式波一般在等离子体边界传播;全波螺旋激发的波能量主要沉积在等离子体边界,导致等离子体径向能量较强的非均匀吸收,加热效果不理想;半波螺旋天线激发的波可深入主等离子体区域传播,等离子体径向能量吸收相对均匀,加热效果好。     

离子回旋波加热天线耦合的一种改进模型

讨论了离子回旋波在托卡马克中的电磁场分布.针对传统的天线耦合平板模型计算大孔径天线存在较大误差这一问题，提出了一种改进模型，使得计算精度有了很大提高.理论计算结果与实验观测更加符合. 关键词：     

ICRH带状双天线的间距对等离子体耦合特性的影响

采用能量一次吸收假设、等离子体平板模型和三维天线模型数值模拟离子回旋共振加热时带状双天线与等离子体的耦合过程,得到天线的辐射功率、等离子体的吸收功率密度分布随天线间距变化的关系.通过对比分析,得出结论:在一定实验条件下,当带状双天线同相馈电时,天线间距越小,离子回旋共振加热效果越好.     

Performance of superconducting nanowire single-photon detector with the fan coupling antenna array

The performance of superconducting nanowire single-photon detector （SNSPD） involving niobium nitride with the fan coupling antenna array is analyzed. The SNSPD has a high detection efficiency and counting rate. Hydrogen silsesquioxane and niobium nitride are filled in the gold grating deposited on the substrate in which the fan coupling antenna arrays are embedded. By changing the position of the fan coupling antenna array, the maximum area of optical intensity is obtained and the photon collection efficiency is increased by 26.5 times. The detection efficiency of SNSPD is improved without changing the detection speed. These parameters are important for designing a practical single-photon detector,     

Atomistic simulation of slow grain boundary motion

Existing atomistic simulation techniques to study grain boundary motion are usually limited to either high velocities or temperatures and are difficult to compare to realistic experimental conditions. Here we introduce an adapted simulation method that can access boundary velocities in the experimental range and extract mobilities in the zero driving force limit at temperatures as low as ～0.2T(m) (T(m) is the melting point). The method reveals three mechanistic regimes of boundary mobility at zero net velocity depending on the system temperature.     

Theoretical analysis of ion cyclotron range of frequency antenna array for HT-7U

This paper considers the coupling analysis of phased antenna array designed to excite fast wave in the ion cyclotron range of frequency. The coupling of the antenna is calculated in slab geometry. The coupling code based on the variational principle gives the self-consistent current flowing in the antenna, this method has been extended so that it can be applied to a phased antenna array. As an example, this paper analyses the coupling prosperities of a 2 × 2 phased antenna array. It gives the optimum geometry of antenna array. The fields excited at plasma surface are found to more or less correspond to the antenna current phasing.     

On coherently driven group index of probe pulse at double-frequency regimes: An analytical formulation

The group index and its lineshape of a relatively weak double-resonance probe pulse (signal) propagates through an open doubly driven N-type five-level atomic system are analytically formulated. It is shown that the signal can be controlled by manipulating the driving contribution of the two coupling fields, so that both superluminal and subluminal propagation can take place simultaneously at two different (probe field induced transition) frequency regimes with reduced absorption/gain. Hence the proposed double-control scheme may be exploited to observe the double-switching effect (i.e. from superluminal to subluminal and vice versa) with negligible distortion. In our realization this double-controlling mechanism may be regarded as simultaneous tuning of two knobs, to regulate the group index of the signal at double-frequency regimes.     

Efficacy of a wideband flexible antenna on a multilayer polymeric nanocomposites Fe3O4-PDMS substrate for wearable applications

The recently introduced polymeric nanocomposites substrate layer technology is used in the design of a flexible antenna array for wearable applications. This new technology allows a considerable widening of the bandwidth of classical microstrip topologies. This means that a relatively wide band can be combined with a full ground plane in a very simple structure, which is an ideal combination in wearable applications. The wideband and flexible features enabled the antenna to mitigate body-detuning effects. The proposed antenna prototype consists of a 2 × 2 array of rectangular patch elements with dimensions of 70 × 70 × 4.2 mm³. The measurements are performed in free space, and on-body under bent conditions. The antenna working within the frequency band of 5 GHz–8.2 GHz, with a fractional impedance (FBW) bandwidth of 50.34%. The antenna demonstrates a maximum radiation efficiency of 60%, and 9.8 dB of realized gain. Since this antenna is intended for on body-centric wireless communication application, the specific absorption rate is evaluated when the antenna is placed on the right arm of a realistic human phantom. The performances and features of the proposed antenna paved the way for off-body connections in a WBAN and wearable applications including WiFi, telemedicine and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X).     

Modulation of absorption manner in helicon discharges by changing profile of low axial magnetic field

The modulation of absorption manner in helicon discharge by changing the profile of low axial magnetic field is explored experimentally in this work. The experiments are carried out in Boswell-type antenna driven by 13.56-MHz power source in 0.35-Pa argon environment. The peak of the external non-uniform magnetic field(B_(ex)) along the axis is observed in a range from 0 Gs to 250 Gs(1 Gs = 10~(-4) T), where the electron density varies from 0.5×10~(16) m~(-3) to 9×10~(16) m~(-3).When Bex is located near the tube upper end sealed by a dielectric plate, or near the tube bottom end connected with a diffusion chamber, the plasmas are centralized in the tube in the former case while the strong luminance appears between the edge of the tube and the axial line in the latter case. When Bex is located in the middle of the antenna, moreover, an effective resistance(R_(eff)) peak appears apparently with increasing magnetic field. The glow moves toward first the edge of the tube and then the two antenna legs as the magnetic field increases. The discharge in this case is caused by the absorption of Trivelpiece–Gould(TG) wave. It is suggested that B_(ex) is located in the middle of the antenna to obtain a higher efficiency of power transfer.