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1.
汞离子是现代工业中剧毒的污染物之一,研究者致力于汞离子高效吸附剂的研制已有多年.本文基于国内外最新研究文献,系统论述了汞离子天然吸附剂如壳聚糖、矿物、微生物及其改性材料等的吸附性能,并详细比较了各种吸附剂的优缺点,指出天然吸附剂来源广泛、价格便宜,尤其是修饰后的壳聚糖吸附性能甚至可以和一些合成吸附剂相媲美.在所报道的天然吸附剂中,引入巯基后的戊二醛交联壳聚糖,对初始浓度为500 mg/L的汞离子的吸附容量可达1 604.7mg/g,属已知的汞离子天然吸附剂中之最.天然汞离子吸附剂在工业废水处理中显示出了广阔的应用前景. 相似文献
2.
H. V. Ehrlich T. M. Buslaeva T. A. Maryutina 《Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry》2017,62(14):1797-1818
The major trends in research into the sorption recovery and separation of platinum metals are critically surveyed. The advantages and disadvantages are described for ion-exchange and complexing sorbents based on organic polymers, chemically modified silicas, sorbents with applied macrocyclic compounds, hybrid organomineral sorbents with supported polymers, molecular imprinted sorbents, solid-phase extractants based on ionic liquids, biosorbents, and other types of sorbents. The technological potentials of these sorbents are evaluated. 相似文献
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Dominika Bratkowska Arlene Davies Núria Fontanals Peter A.G. Cormack Francesc Borrull David C. Sherrington Rosa M. Marcé 《Journal of separation science》2012,35(19):2621-2628
Two novel high‐specific surface area polymeric sorbents (HXLPP‐SAXa and HXLPP‐SAXb) were synthesised and evaluated as solid‐phase extraction sorbents. The novel sorbents under study are based on hypercrosslinked polymer microspheres and designed specifically to offer ion‐exchange properties; the specific polymers of interest in the current work have been chemically modified in such a way as to impart a tuneable level of strong anion‐exchange character onto the sorbents. The novel sorbents were applied as strong anion‐exchange sorbents in solid‐phase extraction studies, with the goal being to selectively extract a group of acidic compounds from complex environmental samples in an efficient manner. Out of two HXLPP‐SAX resins evaluated in this study, it was found that the sorbent with the lower ion‐exchange capacity (HXLPP‐SAXa) gave rise to the best overall performance characteristics and, indeed, was found to compare favourably to the solid‐phase extraction performance of commercial strong anion‐exchange sorbents. When the HXLPP‐SAXa sorbent was applied to the solid‐phase extraction of environmental water samples, the result showed quantitative and selective extraction of low levels of acidic pharmaceuticals from 500 mL of river water and 100 mL of effluent wastewater. 相似文献
5.
Brenac Brochier V Schapman A Santambien P Britsch L 《Journal of chromatography. A》2008,1177(2):226-233
Pre-packed MediaScout MiniChrom columns of 2.5, 5 and 10 mL were investigated for screening three mixed-mode chromatography sorbents (HEA, PPA and MEP HyperCel). Packing performance was of good quality and the three sorbents displayed higher capacity than traditional HIC sorbents in physiological-like conditions. Each sorbent offered a unique selectivity. Bovine beta-lactoglobulin was partially purified after loading milk whey directly on HEA HyperCel sorbent. The combination of small pre-packed columns and SELDI-MS appeared to be a valuable strategy for high-throughput screening of chromatography sorbents and for enabling rapid process development and optimization. 相似文献
6.
Sorption methods for the concentration and separation of rare earth elements are reviewed. Sorbents based on organic polymers, specifically strongly and weakly acidic cation exchangers, anion exchangers, and complexing sorbents, are successively considered. Data on the use of inorganic sorbents and solid phase extractants in the rare earth chemistry are also given. Considerable attention is paid to hybrid organomineral materials constituting a promising class of sorbents. Advantages and disadvantages of using biosorbents, molecularly imprinted sorbents, and nanosorbents for the concentration and separation of rare earths are discussed. 相似文献
7.
Effect of binder on the properties of iron oxide sorbent for hot gas desulfurization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Fang Zhu Chunhu Li Huilin Fan .College of Environmental Science Technology Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan Shanxi China .Key Laboratory of Coal Science Technology Ministry of Education Institute for Chemical Engineering of Coal .Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory Technology of Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao Sh ong 《天然气化学杂志》2010,19(2):169-172
The most difficult problem in hot gas desulfurization in Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) is the pulverization of sulfur removal sorbents. Appropriate binders for hot gas sulfur removal sorbents can solve the pulverization problem. In this paper, six sorbents with binders of different argillaceous minerals were prepared by mechanical mixing method. Desulfurization behavior for hot gas desulfurization sorbents was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor. Result showed that sorbent NTKW2 with binder of clay had a better sulfidation performance. NTKW2 had a more stable performance than other sorbents in the continuous sulfidation-regeneration cycles. Sulfur capacity of sorbent remained the same in each cycle. The desulfurization efficiency and mechanical strength of NTKW2 were the best among the tested sorbents. The behavior of NTKW2 at different temperatures showed different performances, and the best reaction temperature was 550 ℃. Higher heat stability, sulfur capacity and desulfurization efficiency were found on NTKW2 in six continuous sulfidation-regeneration cycles. 相似文献
8.
从活性炭吸附剂、高分子吸附剂和酶制剂吸附剂三个方面综述了国内外治疗肾脏病所用吸附剂的最新研究进展。 相似文献
9.
《Journal of separation science》2017,40(2):466-471
In this study, poly(styrene‐co‐N‐methacryloyl‐l ‐phenylalanine methyl ester)‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticles were constructed and used as magnetic solid‐phase extraction sorbents for analysis of food preservatives in beverages. To prepare the poly(amino acid)‐based sorbents, N‐methacryloyl‐l ‐phenylalanine methyl ester, and styrene served as the functional monomers and modified onto the magnetic nanoparticles via free radical polymerization. Interestingly, compared with propylparaben and potassium sorbate, the proposed poly(amino acid)‐based sorbents showed a good selectivity to sodium benzoate. The adsorption capacity of the sorbents to sodium benzoate was 6.08 ± 0.31 mg/g. Moreover, the fast adsorption equilibrium could be reached within 5 min. Further, the resultant poly(amino acid)‐based sorbents were applied in the analysis of sodium benzoate in real beverage samples. The results proved that the proposed magnetic solid‐phase extraction sorbents have a great potential for the analysis of preservatives in food samples. 相似文献
10.
I. V. Polyakova A. A. Osipenko L. N. Borovikova N. M. Ezhova O. A. Pisarev E. N. Vlasova B. Z. Volchek 《Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry》2015,88(10):1617-1626
Polymeric and organo-inorganic sorbents molecularly imprinted with cholesterol were synthesized to create selective hemosorbents for efferent therapy of hypercholesterlemia. These sorbents are block copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and granulated organo-inorganic sorbents in which the imprinting was performed in the layer of the above copolymer on the surface of selenium (Se) nanoparticles stabilized with polyvinyl pyrrolidone. The physicochemical and sorption properties of the sorbents were studied. 相似文献
11.
L. A. Zemskova A. V. Voit D. Kh. Shlyk N. N. Barinov 《Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry》2016,89(5):727-731
Procedure for obtaining new hybrid sorbents based on carbon fibers and chitosan-carbon materials modified with molybdenum, which determines the affinity of the sorbents for arsenate ions, is described. The surface morphology was examined and a qualitative chemical analysis of the surface of the composite sorbents was made by the method of scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive analysis. Sorption isotherms were obtained for unmodified materials, carbon fibers and chitosan-carbon materials, and hybrid sorbents in twicedistilled and tap water at low As(V) concentrations. 相似文献
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Yu.I. Aristov G. Restuccia M.M. Tokarev G. Cacciola 《Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters》2000,69(2):345-353
The application of new selective water sorbents for storage of low temperature heat is analyzed. Values of energy storage ability E are measured by a DSC technique for more than fifteen samples of selective water sorbents based on silica gels, aluminas, carbon Sibunit and aerogels as host matrices and CaCl2, LiBr, MgCl2 as impregnated salts. E-values up to 8.4 kJ/g and 4.0 kJ/g are found for forced and naturally saturated sorbents, which are much higher than for common sorbents, like zeolites and unimpregnated silica gels. The temperature dependence of E gives an estimation of sensible and latent heat contributions as well as the average heat of water desorption and average specific heat of dry sorbents. A comparison between the SWSs and others materials proposed in literature is done. 相似文献
13.
钙基类吸附剂脱除烟气中气态汞的试验研究 总被引:7,自引:4,他引:7
用恒温水浴中汞渗透管的汞蒸气发生装置和其他烟气主要气体成分模拟烟气条件,在小型固定床试验台上开展钙基类物质作为吸附剂脱除单质汞的试验研究。结果表明,无SO2时,两种钙基吸附剂以及飞灰和熟石灰混合物对单质汞的吸附效率不高;当SO2存在时,对单质汞的脱除效率可增加15%~20%,30min时吸附量可增加50%以上,且吸附在较高温度下更有利。其原因在于SO2同钙基吸附剂之间的化学反应,在钙基物质表面产生了活性区域,有利于提高对Hg0的捕捉效率,化学吸附起到了促进吸附的作用。 相似文献
14.
Yu. G. Slizhov T. N. Matveeva T. S. Minakova 《Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry》2013,86(9):1376-1382
A series of chromatographic sorbents, which differ by way of applying modifying chelates of acetylacetone was obtained. The acid-base and chromatographic properties of sorbents with thermally and chemically grafted layers of metal acetylacetonates were investigated. It was shown that the modifi cation of the mineral sorbents with metal acetylacetonates leads to a change in the surface acidity, as well as to an increase in the polarity and selectivity with respect to different classes of compounds. 相似文献
15.
The presence of organic and inorganic pollutants in nature even in very small concentrations threatens human and other living bodies health and makes it significant to remove, separate and preconcentrate these pollutants. Recently magnetic nano sorbents has been used frequently in the separation and preconcentration of these pollutants. The use of magnetic nano sorbents modified with inorganic and organic species has widespread applications in the solid phase extraction (SPE) studies due to its many unique properties. These modified nano sorbents are preferred due to their advantages such as high adsorption capacities and large surface areas. This review examined different types of magnetic materials such as magnetic carbon-based nano sorbents, inorganic nano sorbents with magnetic properties, magnetized biosorbents, magnetic metal-organic frameworks, and magnetized ionic liquids used in SPE studies. In this study, a comprehensive and systematic review of the separation and preconcentration of analytes such as heavy metal ions, drug active substances, pesticides, dyes, hormone disruptors, etc with SPE methods using magnetic nanomaterials has been revealed. Future aspects and challenges that may be encountered are discussed. 相似文献
16.
H. H. Someda 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2006,268(3):555-561
Summary The sorption of uranium-Arsenazo III complex was studied using Dowex-1x8 and carbonized apricot stone. The results show a
similarity between the two sorbents since the percentage uptake of a uranium complex in the ratio 1 : 1 reaches 100% and 92%
on the Dowex-1x8 and the carbonized apricot stone, respectively. Also the uptake of the complex on either sorbents increases
with increasing the hydrogen ion concentration to reach a maximum value at pH 2.5. The two sorbents are used to study the
sorption of uranium(VI) from seawater in the presence of 0.002% of Arsenazo III and 10-3M EDTA, where it is found that uranium is completely sorbed by the two sorbents. 相似文献
17.
Solid-phase extraction is an attractive alternative in sample preparation because it overcomes many drawbacks of liquid-liquid extraction and makes on-line determination possible by hyphenation with chromatographic techniques. Driven by the need for more effective and more selective sorbents, advances in solid-phase extraction include the development of new materials. This paper describes different types of chemically modified sorbents for the solid-phase extraction of compounds from aqueous samples. Chemical introduction of different functional groups into a polymeric resin improves the efficiency of solid-phase extraction by providing better surface contact with the aqueous samples; also, these sorbents have a greater capacity than the typical solid-phase materials for polar compounds have. The most important new sorbents are the chemically modified resins based on styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers. Preparation of these new sorbents is described, and advantages and drawbacks of off-line procedures and on-line procedures are also discussed. Applications for off-line and on-line chromatographic determinations of polar compounds are presented. 相似文献
18.
Priyanka Narula Raghubir Singh Varinder Kaur Ashok Kumar Malik 《Chromatographia》2014,77(3-4):207-221
Indoor and outdoor exposure to plastic-derived xenoestrogens, such as phthalates and phenolic compounds, can adversely affect endocrine and reproductive systems in humans and wildlife. To accomplish the extraction of plastic-derived xenoestrogens from environmental samples, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been proved to be selective, efficient, and reliable sorbents. Despite some problems associated with the use of MIPs as sorbents, these have been found to be of considerable interest due to their advantages of selectivity, easy synthetic procedures, and better stability over commercially available solid sorbents. Modifications in their synthetic strategies are continuously in progress and new approaches are being made through graphene oxide substrates, nanostructured platforms, nanoferrites, cryogels, and co-electropolymerization to design better sorbents. Apart from this, efforts to create molecularly imprinted solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers have also been successful in improving the efficiency of the methodology. In future, the use of MIPs developed from advanced synthetic strategies, or as sorbents for more robust techniques like SPME and microextraction on packed sorbents, will add new horizons to explore the potential of MIPs in the field of plastic-derived xenoestrogens. This review presents various challenges, as well as progress and prospects associated with the extraction of plastic-derived phthalates and phenolic compounds using molecularly imprinted sorbents. 相似文献
19.
The regularities of the dynamic sorption of volatile organic substances from aqueous solutions and atmospheric air on surface-layer composite sorbents, in which a finely dispersed sorption-active material is retained due to adhesion on the surface of a relatively coarsely dispersed macroporous carrier, were determined. The analytical capabilities of such sorbents were studied, and they were found more effective than traditional porous bulk sorbents used for the concentration of volatile organic compounds from aqueous solutions and gas atmospheres. 相似文献
20.
Polyether type polyurethane foams (PU) are regular stacks of solid quasi-spherical membranes produced by the reaction of polyisocyanates with polyols of polyether nature in the presence of a catalyst and a blowing agent. Contrary to conventional membrane separations, where a solid membrane is merely a differentially separating agent, or a transport medium, PU foams, apart from separation and preconcentration, also retain, i.e., sorb the species on, or in the membranes. Therefore, PU foam membranes can be considered to act as true sorbents. The membrane properties of PU foam sorbents offer unique advantages over conventional bulk type granular sorbents in rapid, versatile and effective separations and preconcentrations of different compounds from fluid samples. Unloaded PU foam sorbents have received considerable attention in the separation of different trace inorganic species. 相似文献