新型磷酸硅铝分子筛SAPO-53的合成与表征

以氢氧化已烷双铵(R(OH)2)为模板剂,采用水热条件合成了高结晶度的SAPO-53分子筛。并采用XRD、SEMEDX、FT-IR、MAS NMR、电泳仪、N2吸附-脱附、TG-DTG等手段对合成的分子筛进行表征。考察了硅铝比、磷铝比、模板剂的用量以及晶化时间等条件对合成SAPO-53分子筛的作用。29Si MAS NMR表明,Si主要以四配位形式进入了AlPO4-53的骨架中,SAPO-53相对结晶度先增加后开始缓慢下降,Zeta电位值先增加后保持不变,与以甲胺为模板剂合成相比,氢氧化已烷双铵的用量比甲胺减少了一半,同时缩短了晶化时间,降低了合成的难度。通过计算得到SAPO-53的表观生长速率大于成核速率,说明成核过程是速率控制步骤。     

Removal of uranium (VI) from nuclear effluents onto aluminophosphate and silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves

Aluminophosphate and silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves with both five (AFI) and eleven (AEL) type structures are synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization at 473 K, using tripropylamine and dipropylamine as a structure-directing template. The as-prepared AFI and AEL sieves are characterized and then assessed as sorbents for uranium (VI) from radioactive effluents. The sorption process is used to reduce the volumes of effluents and convert them into a stable solid waste. The batch experimental studies are carried out to evaluate the AEL and AFI structure effect on the removal of uranium. The AlPO₄-5, SAPO-5, AlPO₄-11 and SAPO-11 are applied to radioactive effluents with different activities obtained from Nuclear Research Center of Draria, Algeria. Important decontamination factor values are obtained for AFI sorbents. Thermodynamic parameters, namely, the enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS) and free energy (ΔG) for each sorption process are calculated. The collected results indicated that sorbents are effective materials for the removal of uranium (VI) ions, the sorbent with AFI structure being a highly effective material for the removal of uranium (VI) ions from nuclear effluents.     

Elucidating the nature and reactivity of Ti ions incorporated in the framework of AlPO-5 molecular sieves. New evidence from 31P HYSCORE spectroscopy

The incorporation of Ti ions within the framework of aluminophosphate zeotype AlPO-5 and their chemical reactivity is studied by means of CW-EPR, HYSCORE, and UV-vis spectroscopies. Upon reduction, Ti(3+) ions are formed, which exhibit large (31)P hyperfine couplings, providing direct evidence for framework substitution of reducible Ti ions at Al sites.     

Covalent incorporation of methyl red dyes into double-stranded DNA for their ordered clustering

An ordered dye cluster of Methyl Reds was formed in double-stranded DNA by hybridizing two complementary DNA-dye conjugates, each involving a Methyl Red moiety on a threoninol linker and a 1,3-propanediol spacer arranged alternately in the middle of the DNA sequence. In the duplex, Methyl Reds from each strand were axially stacked antiparallel to each other, as determined from NMR analysis. This clustering of Methyl Reds induced distinct changes in both UV/Vis and CD spectra. Single-stranded DNA-Methyl Red conjugates on D-threoninol linkers and (1,3-propanediol) spacers exhibited broad absorption spectra with lambda(max) at around 480 nm, and almost no CD was observed at around the absorption maximum of Methyl Red. However, as Methyl Reds were clustered by hybridization, lambda(max) shifted towards shorter wavelengths with respect to its monomeric transition. This hypsochromic shift increased as the number of Methyl Red molecules increased. Furthermore, a positive couplet was also strongly induced here. These dye clusters are H-aggregates, in which molecular excitons are coupled. The positive couplet demonstrates that the clusters on D-threoninol form a right-handed helix. In contrast, the induced CD became much weaker with Methyl Red on L-threoninol, which intrinsically prefers counterclockwise winding. Thus, mutual orientation of the stacked dye molecules was controlled by the chirality of the linker.     

Mn stabilization in complex phosphate-fluoride fluxes and its incorporation into langbeinite framework

Two new mixed valence manganese-containing orthophosphates with a langbeinite structure have been obtained from the complex fluoride-phosphate melts using the high-temperature flux technique. M^IVF₄ and K₂M^IVF₆ (M^IV—Zr, Hf) were used as fluoride and polyvalent metal precursors. Obtained langbeinites were investigated using a single-crystal X-ray diffraction, FTIR-, UV-VIS- and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-spectroscopy. Both compounds crystallize in a cubic system (sp. gr. P2₁3) with cell parameters a=10.2106(12) and 10.1896(9) Å for K_1.96Mn_0.57Zr_1.43(PO₄)₃ and K_1.93Mn_0.53Hf_1.47(PO₄)₃, respectively. The rigid langbeinite-like framework is built up from the isolated [MO₆] octahedra and [PO₄] tetrahedra interlinked via oxygen vertices. Potassium cations occupy positions in the large closed cavities of the framework. Statistical distribution of manganese and tetravalent metal over two crystallographic positions in octahedral oxygen environment can be observed. The presence of the mixed valence manganese in the reported phosphates was confirmed using UV-VIS and EPR-spectroscopy.     

铈改性Silicalite-1分子筛催化剂上甲醇制丙烯反应性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了Ce改性的Silicalite-1分子筛催化剂,利用XRD、N2吸脱附、Py-FTIR和NH_3-TPD等手段对催化剂进行了表征;针对甲醇转化制丙烯(MTP)反应,在常压、450℃和质量空速为9.6 h-1的反应条件下,利用连续流动固定床微型反应评价装置,考察了CeO_2负载量对CeO_2/Silicalite-1催化性能的影响。结果表明,与HZSM-5分子筛(SiO_2/Al_2O_3(molar ratio)=200)相比,Silicalite-1分子筛具有更高的丙烯选择性和催化稳定性。Ce的引入可有效调节Silicalite-1分子筛的酸性质和孔结构;合适浓度的Ce改性处理(CeO_2负载量(质量分数)为5.0%)使得Silicalite-1的强酸量降低,其丙烯选择性(质量分数)和催化稳定性分别由原来的31.9%和51 h增加到38.2%和72 h。     

Partial incorporation of a cyclopentadienyl ligand into a molybdaborane to form a molybdacarbaborane

Reaction of the molybdaborane arachno-2-[Mo(η-C₅H₅)(η⁵:η¹-C₅H₄)B₄H₇] (I) with NEt₃ in toluene at 120 °C for 7 days gives a 90% yield of the molybdacarbaborane nido-1-[Mo(η-C₅H₅)(η³:η²-C₃H₃)C₂B₃H₅] (II). Two of the carbon atoms in the substituted cyclopentadienyl ring in I are incorporated into the metallacarbaborane cluster II. The carbaborane {C₂B₃H₅} fragment in II is attached to an allylic {C₃H₃} group and can be thought of as a new non-planar {C₅B₃H₈} ligand providing seven electrons to the molybdenum atom. Reaction of I with KH in thf at 20 °C gives the anion via deprotonation of a B-H-B bridging proton.     

铝修饰改性对SBA-15分子筛性质及催化剂性能的影响

分别采用调变pH值合成法和后处理嫁接法制备了铝修饰改性的SBA-15分子筛,通过XRD、Al核磁、N₂吸附脱附、NH₃-TPD等方法对改性分子筛的理化性质进行了分析表征,考察了不同的Al修饰改性方法对分子筛性质和加氢裂化催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,调变pH值合成法能够有效地对SBA-15进行Al改性,得到的Al-SBA-15分子筛具有高度有序的六方孔道结构,较好的水热稳定性。Al的引入提高了SBA-15的表面酸性,并使其在加氢裂化反应中表现出较好的中油选择性。     

Formate incorporation in the structure of Ca-deficient apatite: Rietveld structure refinement

Two sets of non-stoichiometric apatites (Ca-deficient apatites) were prepared from calcium phosphate solutions by homogeneous precipitation through the hydrolysis of formamide at 95°C. One set of products contained monetite (CaHPO₄) and apatite, whilst the second, with more formamide, contained only apatite. Rietveld whole pattern fitting structure refinements were undertaken on all samples, and chemical analyses, IR and NMR spectroscopy, on the second set of samples. The Ca/P mol ratio was 1.596. Rietveld analysis gave lattice parameters a=9.4729(20) and c=6.8855(9) Å and showed that Ca²⁺ ions were lost exclusively from Ca2 sites, and that the PO₄ tetrahedron volume and P-O bonds were 4.4% and 1.4% smaller, respectively, than in hydroxyapatite (OHAp). Formate, HCO₂⁻, was clearly visible in the IR and NMR spectra, but the diffraction studies showed it was not present as a separate crystalline phase. Chemical analysis gave 5.8 wt % formate. We propose that the enlarged a-axis compared with OHAp (a=9.4243(55) Å) and reduced PO₄ dimensions and P occupancy are, respectively, caused by the partial replacement of OH⁻ and PO₄³⁻ ions in the structure by HCO₂⁻ ions. These substitutions would parallel the similar known substitutions of CO₃²⁻ ions in precipitated carbonate apatites.     

The Effects of Exposed Specific Facets and Sulfation on the Surface Acidity of Cu2O Solids

Cuprous oxide microcrystals with {111}, {111}/{100}, and {100} exposed facets were synthesized. ³¹P MAS NMR using trimethylphosphine as the probe molecule was employed to study the acidic properties of samples. It was found that the total acidic density of samples increases evidently after sulfation compared with the pristine cuprous oxide microcrystals. During sulfation, new {100} facets are formed at the expense of {111} facets and lead to the generation of two Lewis acid sites due to the different binding states of SO₄²⁻ on {111} and {100} facets. Moreover, DFT calculation was used to illustrate the binding models of SO₄²⁻ on {111} and {100} facets. Also, a Pechmann condensation reaction was applied to study the acidic catalytic activity of these samples. It was found that the sulfated {111} facet has better activity due to its higher Lewis acid density compared with the sulfated {100} facet.     

Dehydration and dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol over AlPO4-5 based molecular sieves

The role of incorporated divalent metal (Mn, Mg, Co and Zn) incorporated into the framework of AlPO₄-5 in conversion of cyclohexanol has been examined. The influence of these metals to cyclohexene and cyclohexanone selectivities was correlated to the acidity and basicity properties of these molecular sieves. Possible mechanism for the dehydration and dehydrogenation for cyclohexanol was proposed.     

On the Use of a Protic Ionic Liquid with a Novel Cation To Study Anion Basicity

The need for reliable means of ordering and quantifying the Lewis basicity of anions is discussed and the currently available methods are reviewed. Concluding that there is need for a simple impurity‐insensitive tool, we have sought, and here describe, a new method using NMR spectroscopy of a weak base, a substituted urea, 1,3‐dimethyl‐2‐imidazolidinone (DMI), as it is protonated by Brønsted acids of different strengths and characters. In all cases studied the product of protonation is a liquid (hence a protic ionic liquid). NMR spectroscopy detects changes in the electronic structure of the base upon interaction with the proton donors. As the proton‐donating ability, that is, acidity, increases, there is a smooth but distinct transition from a hydrogen‐bonded system (with no net proton transfer) to full ionicity. The liquid state of the samples and high concentration of nitrogen atoms, despite the very low natural abundance of its preferred NMR‐active isotope (¹⁵N), make possible the acquisition of ¹⁵N spectra in a relatively short time. These ¹⁵N, along with ¹³C, chemical shifts of the carbonyl atom, and their relative responses to protonation of the carbonyl oxygen, can be used as a means, sensitive to anion basicity and relatively insensitive to impurities, to sort anions in order of increasing hydrogen bond basicity. The order is found to be as follows: SbF₆^?<BF₄^?<NTf₂^?>ClO₄^?>FSO₃^?<TfO^?<HSO₄^?<Cl^?<MsO^?.     

^29Si（^27Al）MAS NMR考察镧离子在LaDAlY型沸石中的作用

用~(29)Si(~(27)Al)MAS NMR和辅加乙酰丙酮(acac)处理样品的静态~(27)Al NMR研究了镧离子对脱铝Y型沸石(DAIY)骨架硅、铝和非骨架铝(EFAL)的影响.结果表明,~(29)Si MAS谱的化学位移及其形状不仅取决于连接[SiO_4]四面体的[AlO]-四面体数目,而且还与引入镧离子的量有关.镧离子的引入导致~(27)Al MAS谱的明显宽化和不对称形变.另外,还讨论了镧离子对非骨架铝的影响.     

The effect of the molecular weight of chitosan nanoparticles and its application on drug delivery

Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems offer several advantages over conventional forms of dosing, with polymer nanoparticles prepared from biomaterials being good candidates for use in drug delivery. We selected fluorouracil (5FU) as a model drug because it has been suggested that chitosan might prevent the side effects induced by 5FU. We have exploited the complexation between oppositely charged macromolecules to develop a safe and efficient method of preparation of chitosan bead formulations for use as drug delivery systems. In this study, we examined the effect that the molecular weight of chitosan had on the resulting nanoparticles' properties; the initial concentration of chitosan was held constant, but its molecular weight was decreased through the action of NaNO₂. FTIR spectroscopy suggested that no structural change occurred during the depolymerization process. The diameters of the nanoparticles—determined using dynamic light scattering and TEM techniques—decreased as the value of the viscosity of molecular weight (Mv) of chitosan decreased. In addition, we prepared fluorouracil-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and characterized them using NMR spectroscopy. The encapsulation efficiency increased as the value of Mv of chitosan decreased. The particles produced using 55-kDa chitosan had a mean diameter of 70.6 nm and a 66% drug loading.     

Mechanochemical Synthesis and Characterization of Alkaline Earth Metal Terephthalates: M(C8H4O4)·nH2O (M = Ca,Sr, Ba)

The mechanochemical synthesis offers an easy access to obtain alkaline earth metal terephthalates M(C₈H₄O₄) · nH₂O (M = Ca, Sr, Ba). In the presented study we describe for the first time the mechanochemical synthesis of powders of Ca(C₈H₄O₄) · 3H₂O, Ca(C₈H₄O₄), Sr(C₈H₄O₄) · H₂O, and Ba(C₈H₄O₄), which so far were only synthesized as single crystals from aqueous solutions or by reactions in an autoclave. Furthermore, a new hydrate Ba(C₈H₄O₄) · 2(1.5)H₂O, not described so far in the literature, was prepared. All compounds were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, thermal analysis, elemental analysis, FT‐IR, and MAS NMR spectroscopic measurements.     

New Insights into the Degradation Path of Deltamethrin

Pyrethroids are among the insecticidal compounds indicated by the World Health Organization for mitigation of vector-borne diseases. Active deltamethrin (with chiral configuration α-S,1-R-cis) is one of the most effective pyrethroids characterized by low toxicity to humans, and it is currently tested as active ingredient for insecticidal paints. Nevertheless, several degradation processes can occur and affect the insecticidal efficacy in the complex paint matrix. In the present study, a detailed NMR analysis of deltamethrin stability has been carried out under stress conditions, mimicking a water-based insecticidal paint environment. Two novel by-products, having a diastereomeric relationship, were identified and their structure was elucidated by combining NMR, HPLC, GC-MS, and ESI-MS analyses. These compounds are the result from a nucleophilic addition involving deltamethrin and one of its major degradation products, 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde. Given the known toxicity of the aldehyde, this reaction could represent a way to reduce its concentration into the matrix. On the other hand, the toxicology of these compounds towards humans should be addressed, as their presence may adversely affect the performance of deltamethrin-containing products.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Spinel‐Type Gallia‐Alumina Solid Solutions

By precipitation with ammonia of ethanolic solutions containing the appropriate proportions of gallium and aluminium nitrate, following by calcination of the resulting gels at 773 K, mixed Ga₂O₃/Al₂O₃ oxides having Ga:Al ratios of 9:1, 4:1, 1:1, 1:4 and 1:9 were obtained. Powder X‐ray diffraction showed that these mixed metal oxides form a series of solid solutions having the spinel‐type structure; also shown by γ‐Al₂O₃ and γ‐Ga₂O₃. The specific surface area (determined by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K) was found to range from 160 m² g^?1 for the mixed oxide having Ga:Al = 9:1 up to 370 m² g^?1 for that having Ga:Al = 1:9. High resolution MAS NMR showed that Ga³⁺ and Al³⁺ ions occur at both tetrahedral and octahedral sites in the spinel‐type structure of the mixed metal oxides, although there is a preferential occupation of tetrahedral sites by Ga³⁺ ions. A proportion of penta‐coordinated Al³⁺ ions was also found. IR spectra of carbon monoxide adsorbed at 77 K showed that the mixed metal oxides have a considerable Lewis acidity, related mainly to tetrahedrally coordinated metal ions exposed at crystal surfaces. The characteristic infrared absorption band of coordinated (adsorbed) CO appears in the range 2205–2190 cm^?1, and its peak wavenumber is nearly independent of Ga:Al ratio in the mixed gallia‐alumina oxides.