γ-Mo_2N和分子筛负载的钼氮化物的结构表征

采用程序升温氮化的方法制备了分子筛负载的钼氮化物催化剂,并用EXAFS方法研究了氮化前后Mo原子的局域配位情况.氮化前负载MoO_3样品的径向结构函数中有三个峰,其中前两个峰对应着最近的Mo-O配位壳层,但是第一个峰与第二个峰的比例比晶体MoO_3中的比例大很多,表明分子筛负载的MoO_3具有更紧密的结构.氮化以后,Mo_2N样品的径向结构函数中有三个峰,对应于一个Mo－N和两个Mo－Mo配位壳层,与面心立方模型符合得很好.根据XRD和EXAFS谱的计算表明,Mo_2N中的N原子使Mo－Mo键拉长并削弱.分子筛负载的Mo2N样品具有与非负载Mo_2N样品近似相同的径向结构函数,只是对应于Mo－N壳层的峰较弱,表明负载的Mo_2N具有更大的结构无序性.     

氧化铝负载高分散γ-Mo2N的制备与结构表征

由NH3的程序升温还原反应（TPR）制备了不同Mo担载量的氮化态Mo/γ-Al2O3催化剂，用XRD和EXAFS方法研究了样品在氮化前后的体相结构及Mo原子局域配位结构。氮化前样品的Mo K-边径向结构函数与非负载MoO3类似，样品中Mo以晶粒度较小，分散度较高的MoO3形式存在；氮化所样品的径向结构函数与非负载的γ-Mo2N基本相同，样品中Mo主要以分散度较高的γ-Mo2N形式存在。EXAFS拟合结果表明，样品的第一配位壳层（Mo-N)的配位数较非负载γ-Mo2N有明显降低，热无序和结构无序均较大，并且随担载量降低，无序度有增大的趋势。     

MoCo/Y, MoNi/Y氮化物催化剂的结构和CH4+CO2重整反应性能

采用氨气还原法制备了NaY分子筛负载的MoCo/Y、MoNi／Y双组氮化物催化剂，用XRD和EXAFS方法征了样品的结构，并测定了其在CH4＋CO2重整反应中的活性，在氧化态时，MoCo/Y样品中主要存在CoMoO4和Co3O4两种物相，Mo的配位状态接近于CoMoO4，而Co的配位状态更接近于Co3O4，MoNi／Y样品中主要有NiMoO4和NiO两种物相，Mo的配位状态接近于MiMoO4，而Ni的配位状态可能是NiMoO4和NiO两种化合物中Ni配位状态的平均效果，Ni-Mo之间的朴素作用似乎比Co-Mo相对较强，在氮化态时，两种样品中Mo的配位状态较为相似，但即不同于MoO3，也不同于单组分γ－Mo2N.Co和Ni的配位状态都不同于各在氧化态下的状态，且都在相同的位置出现一个新强峰，这似乎表明MoCo和MoNi生成了结构相似的氮化物，在CH4＋CO2重整反应中，氮化态MoCO/Y和MoNi/Y的活性大大超过非负载单组分γ－Mo2N催化剂，其中MoNi/Y的活性相对更好一些，且活性随Ni含量增加而提高。     

(K,Mo)Y分子筛中钼组分的EXAFS研究

应用同步辐射Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS)技术研究固态法制备的KHMoY分子筛的氧化态和硫化态样品以及硫化态KHY/MoO3样品中钼组分的局域配位环境结构,并与KHMoY和KHY/MoO3样品催化加氢活性结果进行对照.结果表明,随原子比(K+2Mo)/Al的变化,钼原子周围的配位环境有显著的差异.当(K+2Mo)/Al＜1时,KHMoY和KHY/MoO3硫化后,钼组分主要以MoS2小原子簇分散在分子筛超笼中;(K+2Mo)/Al＞1时,钼组分则有两种存在环境,即分子筛超笼中的和分子筛外表面的钼组分.分子筛超笼中的MoS2原子簇的催化加氢合成醇选择性较高;分子筛外表面的MoS2微小颗粒的尺寸相对于超笼中的要大许多,其合成醇选择性较低.     

铒甘氨酸配位化合物和铒组氨酸配位化合物的EXAFS谱研究

本文用EXAFS谱研究了三个固体铒甘氨基酸配位化合物, 得到铒甘氨酸和铒组氨酸的第一配位层Er-O键长分别为2.35和2.32A, 配位数分别为8.3和8.0. 并进一步用EXAFS径向结构函数图, 讨论了与其结构类型的关系, 推测出铒氨基酸配位化合物晶体的所属可能结构类型。     

铒甘氨酸配位化合物和铒组氨酸配位化合物的EXAFS谱研究

本文用EXAFS谱研究了三个固体铒甘氨基酸配位化合物,得到铒甘氨酸和铒组氨酸的第一配位层Er—O键长分别为2.35和2.32 A,配位数分别为8.3和8.O。并进一步用EXAFS径向结构函数图,讨论了与其结构类型的关系,推测出铒氨基酸配位化合物晶体的所属可能结构类型。     

具有局部松散配位的三核钼簇合物研究:{Mo3(μ3-S)(μ-S)3[S2P(OEt)2]4.P(C6H5)3}.(O86CH2Cl2)的合成和晶体结构

本文报道了具有局部松散配位的三核钼原子簇{Mo3(μ3-S)(μ-S)[S2P(OEt)2]4.P(C6H5)3}.(0.86CH2Cl2)的合成和晶体结构.在CAD-4四圆衍射仪上用Mo Kα射线收集到I≥2σ(I)的衍射点4840个.采用重原子法和差电子密度法解出结构,并用全矩阵最小二乘法修正,最终偏离因子为0.058.簇分子的Mo-Mo键为2.731(1),2.748(1),2.753(1)A,Mo原子和三苯基膦的P原子配位键长为Mo-P2.647(3)A,显著长于一般的Mo-P共价单键.三苯基膦基团在Mo的配位多面体中处于三重桥S原子的对位,表现出与其他此类簇合物的松散配位体配位位置不同.文中概括了此类簇合物的Mo-Mo键和Mo-L的成键情况.     

氧化态Co/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的结构与反应性能研究.钴物种微观结构的XAFS表征

采用 X-射线吸收近边结构 ( XANES)和扩展 X-射线吸收精细结构 ( EXAFS)技术 ,对用不同原料盐和不同焙烧温度制得的 Co/γ- Al2 O3催化剂中钴的微观结构进行了详细的表征 .XANES结果表明 ,以硝酸盐为原料盐于50 0℃焙烧的样品 Co( N) - 50 0 ,其 Co- K边的近边结构与标样 Co3O4 相似 ,而其它样品的近边结构则与标样Co Al2 O4 相似 .随焙烧温度提高 ,在吸收边前的弱吸收峰 ( 1 s→ 3d)逐渐增强 ,在吸收阈值处 ,主吸收峰 ( 1 s→ 4p)的分裂变得更明显 .950℃焙烧的样品 ,在主吸收峰上升过程中出现了肩峰 ( 1 s→ 4s) .这些特征表明 ,样品中钴主要以 Co2 + 离子形式存在 ,钴离子与载体作用的加强 ,使非化学计量的尖晶石相在结构上与化学计量的 Co Al2 O4 越来越接近 .EXAFS结果表明 ,样品 Co( N) - 50 0中 ,钴主要以 Co3O4 的形式存在 .其第一配位壳层 Co- O配位数明显低于标样 Co3O4 ,说明该相具有较高的分散性 .其它所有样品中 ,钴主要以非化学计量的尖晶石相存在 ,其第一配位壳层 Co- O配位数随焙烧温度从 50 0℃提高至 950℃ ,与标样 Co Al2 O4 越来越接近 ;相同焙烧温度下 ,从醋酸钴制得的 Co( A)系列样品更容易形成 Co- Al尖晶石相 .XANES和 EXAFS结果很好地说明了前文 [7] 中样品对 CO氧化和乙烯选     

氧化态Co/γ-Al2O3催化剂的结构与反应性能研究Ⅱ.钴物种微观结构的XAFS表征

采用X-射线吸收近边结构(XANES)和扩展X-射线吸收精细结构(EXAFS)技术,对用不同原料盐和不同焙烧温度制得的Co/γ-Al2O3催化剂中钴的微观结构进行了详细的表征.XANES结果表明,以硝酸盐为原料盐于500℃焙烧的样品Co(N)-500,其Co-K边的近边结构与标样Co3O4相似,而其它样品的近边结构则与标样CoAl2O4相似.随焙烧温度提高,在吸收边前的弱吸收峰(1s→3d)逐渐增强,在吸收阈值处,主吸收峰(1s→4p)的分裂变得更明显.950℃焙烧的样品,在主吸收峰上升过程中出现了肩峰(1s→4p).这些特征表明,样品中钴主要以Co2+离子形式存在,钴离子与载体作用的加强,使非化学计量的满面春风晶石丁在结构上与化学计量的CoAl2O4越来越接近.EXAFS结果表明,样品Co(N)-500中,钴主要以Co3O4的形式存在,其第一配位壳层Co-O配位数明显低于标样Co3O4,说明该相具有较高的分散性.其它所有样品中,钴主要以非化学计量的满面春风晶石相存在,其第一配位壳层Co-O配位数随焙烧温度从500℃提高至950℃,与标样CoAl2O4越来越接近;相同焙烧温度下,从醋酸钴制得的Co(A)系列样品更容易形成Co-Al满面春风晶石相.XANES和EXAFS结果很好地说明了前文[7]中样品对CO氧化和乙烯选择还原NO反应的活性规律.     

金属-氧簇支撑的过渡金属配合物[{Ni(phen)_2}_2(ξ-Mo_8O_(26))]的水热合成、结构及量子化学研究

以MoO3, H2MoO4, Ni(OAc)2·6H2O 和 1, 10-邻菲咯林(1, 10-phen)为原料, 用水热法合成出了八钼氧酸盐支撑的镍-邻菲咯啉配合物[{Ni(phen)2}2(ξ?Mo8O26)]. 化合物的晶体属于单斜晶系P21/n空间群, a = 1.2952(2), b = 1.6659(10), c = 1.3956(12) nm, ? =106.273(8)°, V = 2.8906(5) nm3, Z = 2. 由5604个可观测衍射(I ＞2? (I ))用于精修所有的结构参数, 得一致性因子R1 = 0.0414, WR2 = 0.0815. 结构测定结果表明, 化合物中的八钼氧酸盐具有新奇的前所未有的结构类型(称之为?-isomer), 其特点是它由Mo6O6环和环中两侧处于戴帽位置的2个MoO6八面体组成. Mo6O6环含有2个八面体配位的MoⅥ原子和4个三角双锥配位的MoⅥ原子. 每个?-[Mo8O26]4?结构单位通过Mo6O6环中八面体配位的Mo原子的端氧和相邻的三角双锥配位的Mo原子的端氧与2个[Ni(phen)2]2+单位相键合. 测定了化合物的IR和UV-Vis光谱, 并用EHMO方法对其电子结构进行了研究.     

Molecular structure-activity relationships for the oxidation of organic compounds using mesoporous silica catalysts derivatised with bis(halogeno)dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes

Mo K-edge XAFS spectra have been measured for ordered mesoporous silica MCM-41 grafted with the complexes [MoO2X2(thf)2] (X=Cl, Br). For grafting reactions in the absence of triethylamine, materials with 1 wt. % Mo are obtained; the Mo K-edge EXAFS results indicate the co-existence of isolated surface-fixed monomeric species [MoO2[(-O)3SiO]2(thf)(n)] and [MoO2[(-O)3SiO]X(thf)(n)]. When Et3N is used in the grafting reactions, materials with 4 wt. % Mo are obtained. The EXAFS data for the material prepared using [MoO2Cl2(thf)2] and Et3N indicate the presence of dinuclear species with two Mo(VI) centres, each with two Mo=O groups and each linked by one or two oxo bridges (Mo...Mo 3.27 A). The molybdenum centres in the material prepared using the dibromo complex comprise mainly isolated four-coordinate dioxomolybdenum(VI) and trioxomolybdenum(VI) monomeric species, with a small contribution from dimeric species. All materials were further characterised in the solid state by powder X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption analysis, MAS NMR (13C, 29Si) and FTIR spectroscopy. The derivatised MCMs perform differently as catalysts in the liquid-phase oxidation of various olefins and alcohols with tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The highest alkene epoxidation activity was recorded for the catalysts with low metal loading, whereas the material containing oxo-bridged dimers had the highest activity for oxidation of alcohols. The recyclability of all the catalysts was tested: the catalytic activity of the derivatised materials tended to stabilize with ageing.     

NaY超笼内[Pt_3(CO)_3(μ_2-CO)_2]_n~(2-)(n=3,4)簇合物的合成、表征及其催化CO+NO的反应性能

在NaY分子筛超笼内合成了桔黄色的[Pt_9(CO)_(18)]~(2-)和深绿色的[Pt_(12)(CO)_(24)]~(2-)簇合物。前者给出2056和1798cm~(-1)的线式和桥式羰基特征红外谱带;后者给出2080和1824cm~(-1)谱带。与在THF溶液中结果相比,NaY内合成的羰基簇合物的线式v_(CO)向高波数位移,而桥式v_(CO)向低波数位移。EXAFS为Pt羰基簇合物在分子筛内的规整形成提供了证据。NaY内Pt_9和Pt_(12)羰基簇合物在NO+CO反应中显示了较高的催化活性及稳定性。     

A novel ligand modification and diamond-core molybdenum(IV) 2,6-bis(2,2-diphenyl-2-thioethyl)pyridinate(2-) complex

The reaction of Mo(VI)O(2)(L-NS(2)) [L-NS(2) = 2,6-bis(2,2-diphenyl-2-thioethyl)pyridinate(2-)] or Mo(V)(2)O(3)(L-NS(2))(2) with excess PPh(3) in N,N-dimethylformamide at 70 degrees C results in the formation of gray-green (L-NOS)Mo(IV)(mu-O)(mu-S)Mo(IV)(L-NS(2)) [L-NOS = 2-(2,2-diphenyl-2-thioethyl)-6-(2,2-diphenyl-2-oxoethyl)pyridinate(2-)] (1). The crystal structure of 1 revealed a dinuclear complex comprised of two trigonal bipyramidal Mo centers bridged along an axial-equatorial edge (the mu-O-mu-S vector) such that the Mo-N bonds are trans to the bridging atoms and are anti with respect to the Mo-Mo bond (d(Mo-Mo) = 2.5535(5) A); the remaining coordination sites are occupied by the S- and O-donor atoms of the L-NOS and L-NS(2) ligands. The diamond core is asymmetric, with Mo(1/2)-O(1) distances of 1.845(2) and 2.009(2) A and Mo(1/2)-S(1) distances of 2.374(1) and 2.230(1) A. Compound 1 is unique in possessing a planar, diamond-core unit devoid of terminal oxo ligation and a new tridentate L-NOS ligand formed via a novel intramolecular modification of the original L-NS(2) ligand.     

Acid sites and oxidation center in molybdena supported on tin oxide as studied by solid-state NMR spectroscopy and theoretical calculation

Solid-state NMR spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to study the structure and properties, especially the solid acidity, of molybdenum oxide supported on tin oxide. As demonstrated by solid-state NMR experiments, Mo species are mainly dispersed on the surface of SnO(2) support rather than significantly dissolved into the SnO(2) structure and Br?nsted as well as Lewis acid sites are present on the MoO(3)/SnO(2) catalyst. Acid strength of the supported metal oxide is stronger than those of zeolites, e.g., HY and HZSM-5, though the concentration of acid sites is relatively lower. The DFT calculated (13)C chemical shift for acetone adsorbed on MoO(3)/SnO(2) is in good agreement with the experimental value, which confirms our proposed structure of -Mo-(OH)-Sn- for the Br?nsted acid site. Reducibility of the supported metal oxide is also demonstrated by solid-state NMR experiments and an active oxidation center of this catalyst is proposed as well.     

Hydrodesulfurization of Thiophene on Ni,Mo-supported MCM-41 Catalysts

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Molybdenum oxo and imido complexes of beta-diketiminate ligands: synthesis and structural aspects

Treatment of [MoO2(eta2-Pz)2] (Pz = 3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazolate) with the diketiminate ligand NacNacH (NacNac = CH[C(Me)NAr]2-, Ar = 2,6-Me2C6H3) at 55 degrees C leads under reduction of the metal to the formation of the dimeric molybdenum(V) compound [{MoO2(NacNac)}2] (1). The compound was characterized by spectroscopic means and by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The dimer consists of a [Mo2O4]2+ core with a short Mo-Mo bond (2.5591(5) A) and one coordinated diketiminate ligand on each metal atom. The reaction of [MoO2(eta2-Pz)2] with NacNacH in benzene at room temperature leads to a mixture of 1 and the monomeric molybdenum(VI) compound [MoO2(NacNac)(eta2-Pz)] (2). From such solutions, yellow crystals of 2 suitable for X-ray structural analysis were obtained revealing the coordination of one bidentate NacNac and one eta2-coordinate Pz ligand. This renders the two oxo groups inequivalent. Further high oxidation state molybdenum compounds containing the NacNac ligand were obtained by the reaction of [Mo(NAr)2Cl2(dme)] (Ar = 2,6-Me2C6H3) and [Mo(N-t-Bu)2Cl2(dme)] (dme = dimethoxyethane) with 1 equiv of the potassium salt NacNacK forming [Mo(NAr)2Cl(NacNac)] (3) and [Mo(N-t-Bu)2Cl(NacNac)] (4), respectively, in good yields. The X-ray structure analysis of 3 revealed a penta-coordinate compound where the geometry is best described as trigonal-bipyramidal.     

The extraordinary ability of guanidinate derivatives to stabilize higher oxidation numbers in dimetal units by modification of redox potentials: structures of Mo(2)(5+) and Mo(2)(6+) compounds

Full characterization of the first homologous series of dimolybdenum paddlewheel compounds having electronic configurations of the types sigma(2)pi(4)delta(x), x = 2, 1, 0, and Mo-Mo bond orders of 4, 3.5, and 3, respectively, has been accomplished with the guanidinate-type ligand hpp (hpp = the anion of 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine). Essentially quantitative oxidation of Mo(2)(hpp)(4), 1, by CH(2)Cl(2) gives Mo(2)(hpp)(4)Cl, 2. The halide in 2 can be replaced by reaction with TlBF(4) to produce Mo(2)(hpp)(4)(BF(4)), 3. Further oxidation of 2 by AgBF(4) produces Mo(2)(hpp)(4)ClBF(4), 4. The change from bond order 4 (in 1) to 3.5 in Mo(2)(hpp)(4)Cl is accompanied by an increase in the Mo-Mo bond length of 0.061 to 2.1280(4) A. A further increase of 0.044 A in the Mo-Mo distance to 2.172(1) A is observed as the bond order decreases to 3 in 4. At the same time, the Mo-N distances decrease smoothly as the oxidation state of the Mo atoms increases. Electrochemical studies have shown two chemically reversible processes at very negative potentials, E(1)(1/2)= -0.444 V and E(2)(1/2)= -1.271 V versus Ag/AgCl. These correspond to the processes Mo(2)(6+/5+) and Mo(2)(5+/4+), respectively. The latter potential is displaced by over 1.5 V relative to those of the Mo(2)(formamidinate)(4) compounds and the first one has never been observed in such complexes. Thus, in surprising contrast to previously observed behavior of the dimolybdenum unit, when it is surrounded by the very basic guanidinate ligand hpp, there is an extraordinary stabilization of the higher oxidation numbers of the molybdenum atoms.     

含SR桥的双核钼(I)配合物Mo2(CO)8-n(SR)2Ln的新合成途径和Mo2(C(O)6(SPh)2(MeCN)2的结构研究

经由零价双核钼含SR桥的配合物的氧化反应合成了一系列含各种SR桥的双核钼(I)配合物Mo2-(CO)8-n(μ-SR)2Ln(R=Br^t, Ph, Bz(C6H5CH2), CH2CO2Et;L=MeCN, PPh3; n=0,2]. 并应用红外光谱、元素分析等进行表征, 讨论了新的合成途径. 含MeCN配位体配位到Mo(I)上的配合物, Mo2(CO)6(SPh)2(MeCN)2经X射线结构测定, 系属单斜晶系, 空间群P21/c,a=9.241(2), b=9.330(3), C=15.458(4)A:β=105.77(2)°V=1283(1)A^3; Z=2; R=0.033. Mo-Mo距离为2.978A, 表明其Mo-Mo距离为2.978A, 表明其Mo-Mo键的形成, Mo-S键长为2.469A. 比较同系物Mo2(CO)8(μ-SCH2CO2-Et)2, Mo2(CO)6(μ-SCH2CO2Et)2(MeCN)2和Mo2(CO)8(μ-SBu^t)2的结构, 并讨论其结构与化学.     

Bound site of Mo atoms and its local structure in a Mo/HY catalyst characterized by extended X-ray absorption fine structure and density functional calculation

The bound site of Mo atoms and its local structure in a Mo/HY catalyst have been determined by detailed analysis of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). Molybdenum was introduced in the supercage of HY zeolite by cycles of saturated adsorption of Mo(CO)6 at room temperature and subsequent thermal decomposition at 573 K. Two Mo atoms per supercage were immobilized in each CVD-thermal treatment cycle. The Mo loading increased linearly with the cycles up to three cycles at saturation, where six Mo atoms were supported. Temperature-programmed decomposition of the adsorbed Mo(CO)6 was also characterized by GC, QMS, and FT-IR, respectively. The EXAFS analysis including multiple scattering based on theoretical calculations revealed that Mo bound with two oxygen atoms connects to Al, where one of the two oxygen atoms had been associated with a proton. The bound site is called the S(III)' site. The zeolite framework was significantly distorted by the introduction of low-valent Mo, resulting in isolation of the [MoO2Al] unit from the surrounding zeolite framework due to a quasi-disruption of Si-O bonds adjacent to the unit. In the mild oxidation of the low-valent Mo/HY sample two Mo=O bonds were newly formed and the position of Mo was displaced by 0.06 nm so that the distortion of zeolite framework around the Al atom was relieved. The structures were also supported by DFT calculations. This study is the first example that the position of metal cation in zeolite was determined unambiguously by the EXAFS analysis.