部分充水有隔板弹性球壳的声散射

根据弹性体运动方程和目标散射的积分方程,应用有限元和边界元方法(FEM/BEM)研究部分充水、结构弹性球壳的声散射特性,并计算了球壳内有、无隔板和部分充水情况的归一化散射形态函数,分析了谐振散射机理。结果表明,部分充水、无隔板球壳的谐振特性主要与充水情况有关,谐振是由内部水介质与球壳共同作用产生的;部分充水、有隔板球壳的主要谐振特性与无水情况的特性相差不大,内部水层中的声场较弱,说明谐振特性主要由球壳和隔板决定,但是,隔板一侧充满水时,球壳的散射特性与部分充水情况有很大不同。     

充水有限长圆柱薄壳声散射:Ⅱ.实验

从实验和理论上研究了充水有限长圆柱薄壳的声散射。实验采用指向性尖锐的宽带收发合置换能器,发射宽带调频信号和单频窄脉冲信号进行测量,所得结果分别在时域和频域上与理论计算结果相对比,证明其吻合程度很好。理论和实验的结果表明,内部充水圆柱壳在频域上增加了一组由内部流体负载引起的附加波的共振;而在时域上增加了一系列由于声波在壳体内来回反射产生的"回音廊"式回波。频率-角度图中"碗"形亮线出现分簇的原因解释为前几种模式"回音廊"式回波叠加的结果。      

充水有限长圆柱薄壳声散射:Ⅰ.理论

研究水中充水有限长圆柱薄壳的声散射。采用弹性薄壳理论结合边界条件导出了有限长圆柱薄壳倾斜入射时散射声场的解析解,内部充水的作用反映在系统总阻抗中增加了内部流体阻抗。数值计算表明,在反向散射声场中,刚性散射部分仅在正横附近有比较大的贡献,而斜入射时起主要作用的是弹性散射部分。散射波相速度频散曲线的计算表明,与内部真空的情况相比内部充水后除正横附近的纵波和剪切波以外,增加了一组内部流体引起的附加波,其对散射声场贡献非常重要。在计算的频率-角度谱图中,内部流体附加波呈现\     

周期性加隔板有限长圆柱壳声散射

研究内部真空周期性加隔板圆柱壳在水中的声散射特性.壳体振动用薄壳理论的Donnell方程描述,隔板振动用相互独立的薄板纯弯曲振动和平面应力状态下的振动方程描述.考虑轴向、切向、径向三个方向的力和弯矩共同作用导出了散射声场的解析表达式.数值计算给出远场收发合置情况下的角度-频率谱图,并据此进行机理分析.通过与内部周期性加环肋圆柱壳声散射的角度-频率谱图比较发现,除周期加肋产生的Bragg散射波与弯曲Bloch-Floquet波外,加隔板的情况还存在明显的隔板共振亮线,并且发生隔板共振与壳体弹性波、Bragg散射波、弯曲Bloch-Floquet波耦合的现象.通过实验对理论进行了验证,在实验的频率范围内,Bragg散射亮线与理论符合得很好,部分Bloch-Floquet波散射亮线和隔板共振散射亮线也与理论符合.     

准周期加隔板有限长圆柱壳声散射

研究准周期加隔板有限长圆柱壳在水中的声散射特性,隔板位置存在小的随机偏差.首先给出理论推导,通过计算周期加隔板情况验证理论公式的正确性.然后以角度-频率谱形式给出准周期加隔板圆柱壳声散射计算结果.计算表明隔板的准周期性导致Bloch-Floquet弯曲波和散射声场背景出现扩散和增强现象,而近乎平行于横轴的由隔板共振引起的亮条纹被散射声场背景所掩盖.最后讨论了随机因子、隔板个数以及隔板间距对Bragg散射的影响.计算表明随机因子越大Bragg散射条纹的频率范围越宽扩散越明显,隔板个数越多Bragg散射条纹的频率范围越窄能量越集中,隔板间距变大时Bragg散射条纹增多而且越高阶次的Bragg散射条纹扩散越严重.根据Bragg散射的几何特征导出的近似估算公式可以较准确预报Bragg散射在频谱图上的位置,也可以大致预报隔板准周期排列时Bragg散射的扩散现象.     

弹性波由吸收圆柱的散射

研究了弹性纵波照射粘弹圆柱产生的稳态散射,导出了简洁的散射场解析表达式,数值计算了吸收和非吸收圆柱散射作的散射截面。结果表明,对高速圆柱散射体,散射截面随Ka增加是光滑振荡变化的,吸收圆柱和非吸收圆柱散射截面特征类似。对低速圆柱散射体,振荡变化的散射截面上叠加有一系列狭窄峰,散射圆柱和周围介质的对应速度差别越大,这种狭窄峰也越多,越靠近极值附近,这些狭窄峰越密,圆柱存在吸收衰减时将降低这些狭窄峰。当散射圆柱和周围介质对应的纵波速度和横波速度差别很小时,散射截面为非规则的小幅度的谐振。     

双层周期加肋有限长圆柱壳声散射精细特征研究

研究了双层周期性加肋有限长圆柱壳在水中的声散射特性. 壳体振动用薄壳理论的Donnell 方程描述,环肋振动用相互独立的薄板纯弯曲振动和平面应力状态下的振动方程描述,忽略弦间流体对环肋轴向力的作用. 数值计算给出远场收发合置情况下的周向目标强度和角度-频率谱图,并据此进行机理分析. 计算结果表明远场散射声场中除壳体弹性贡献外,弦间流体以及环肋与内外壳的相互作用对散射声场的贡献也是很重要的,并且在角度-频率谱中出现了舷间流体引起的流体附加波以及周期环肋引起的Bragg散射等回波精细特征,其中流体附加波是双层加肋圆柱壳声散射最重要的散射精细特征,是以往单层圆柱壳声散射所不具有的现象. 最后通过实验对理论推导进行了验证,实验与理论基本符合. 关键词： 声散射 圆柱壳 环肋 流体附加波     

基于联合波叠加法的浅海信道下圆柱壳声辐射研究

针对浅海信道下弹性结构声辐射预报尚无高效可靠的研究方法,提出了一种浅海信道下弹性结构声辐射快速预报的联合波叠加法.该方法结合了浅海信道传输函数、多物理场耦合数值计算法和波叠加法理论,运用该方法可对浅海信道下弹性结构辐射声场进行快速预报.经数值法和解析解法验证后,从信道下辐射源、环境影响和辐射声场测量的角度研究分析了浅海信道下弹性圆柱壳的声辐射特性,阐释了进行浅海信道下结构声辐射研究的必要性.研究结果表明,仅在低频浅海信道下弹性结构可近似等效为点源,信道上下边界对声场产生显著的耦合影响,高频段的空间声场指向性分布尤为明显,垂直线列阵进行信道下结构辐射声功率测量时,测量结果受到信道环境边界和潜深的影响较大.     

水中弹性圆柱壳的共振声辐射

研究了在内壁简谐法向线力激励下的水中弹性圆柱壳的振动和声辐射问题,这有助于深入认识水中结构的声辐射机理,验证水下结构共振声辐射理论。本文从经典Rayleigh简正级数解出发导出共振声辐射公式,然后分别用经典公式和共振声辐射公式计算钢圆柱壳的辐射声功率及壳体表面声压曲线。计算结果表明两者符合良好。     

水中双层无限长圆柱壳体声散射

研究水下双层无限长圆柱壳体的声散射。采用弹性薄壳理论和Fourier变换方法导出了散射声场的解析解。并分别计算了平面波正横和斜入射单层和双层无限长圆柱壳体的远场散射形态函数。计算表明在不同的入射角,由于不同类型的弹性波被激励,散射波呈现不同的特性。通常双层无限长圆柱壳体的散射特性由外壳、内壳和中间耦合水层共同作用决定。但外壳很薄、内壳较厚、水层较薄时,无限长充水双层圆柱壳体的低频散射特性主要由单层内壳决定。当然这时外壳的共振特性也不能忽略。     

Analysis of circumferential waves on a water-filled cylindrical shell

The formation of scattering field from a water-filled cylindrical shell was studied. The analytic solutions of scattering field are derived using elastic thin shell theory and Sommerfeld-Watson Transformation(SWT) method.Complex wave-number poles of circumferential waves are found numerically,the phase speed and attenuation of circumferential waves between the situation of a hollow cylindrical shell and a water-filled cylindrical shell are compared. The synthesis of backscattering form functions which are sum of specular reflection component and circumferential waves is consistent with normal mode result.The calculated echo sequences of additional fluid circumferential waves are compared with experimental results. The results show that richer resonance peaks appeared in the backscattering form functions of a water-filled cylindrical shell and the formation of echo’s structure are due to re-radiation effects of additional fluid circumferential waves.     

Free vibration of a thin cylindrical shell with periodic circumferential stiffeners

The theory is developed for obtaining the propagation constants of a thin uniform cylindrical shell, periodically stiffened by uniform circular frames of general cross-section. The free wave motion is analyzed and the stop and pass bands of free wave motion in the structure are located. Hysteretic damping is included. The natural frequencies of two stiffened finite cylindrical shells are deduced. The relative effects of the frame cross section and pitch on the free vibration characteristics of the whole structure are discussed.     

Helical waves in a fluid-filled cylindrical elastic shell

Helical normal waves of a waveguide that has the form of a fluid-filled thin elastic shell are considered. A dispersion equation for this kind of wave is derived, and its solutions are presented for certain values of parameters characterizing the problem.     

Characterization of circumferential guided waves in a cylindrical cortical bone-mimicking phantom

The femoral neck cortical shell was recently demonstrated to act like a waveguide for circumferential waves. Femoral neck assessment with ultrasound could be enhanced by guided waves measurement. In this study, the decomposition of the time reversal operator (DORT) method is used to measure the phase velocities of circumferential guided modes in a circular tube with dimensions characteristic of femoral neck. The tube is made of a bone-mimicking material. Five guided modes are obtained and compared to theoretical predictions. The work substantiates the feasibility of measuring guided waves in a relatively thick tube of attenuating material with the DORT method.     

Helical waves of an elastic cylindrical shell

Properties of helical waves of a cylindrical shell described by Kirchhoff-Love equations are considered. The problem is reduced to the case of the propagation of plane waves in an equivalent plate. On the basis of the corresponding dispersion equation and its solution, a conclusion is made about the anisotropy of the shell properties. Dispersion curves are plotted for different angles of propagation of helical waves with respect to the shell axis. Displacements of the shell along and across the direction of wave propagation are calculated.     

Circumferential waves for a cylindrical shell in smooth contact with a continuum

Dispersion relations are determined for circumferential waves propagating in a layered, circular cylinder by using shell equations to approximate the behavior of the outer layer. These equations include the effects of transverse shear deformation and rotatory inertia. The cylinder consists of an elastic core in smooth contact with a hollow, circular cylinder of distinctly different elastic properties. Two distinct modes exist as the shell thickness reduces to zero. One mode is recognized to be surface waves on the convex cylindrical surface of the core; the second mode is associated with long longitudinal waves in the shell. The approximate dispersion curves for these modes are compared with curves obtained by employing elasticity equations for the layer. As the curvature increases, the agreement of the two theories becomes progressively poorer whether or not any disagreement exists for the case of no curvature. The agreement of the two theories is better when the layer is relatively stiff than when the layer is relatively soft. The shell equations simplify the calculations necessary to produce the dispersion curves.     

Circumferential waves on an immersed, fluid-filled elastic cylindrical shell.

The existence of various types of circumferential waves, both predominantly shell or fluid borne, and the repulsion of their dispersion curves is discussed here for an infinite, thin elastic, circular-cylindrical shell immersed in a fluid and filled with another fluid. The study is based on an analytic calculation of the partial-wave resonances in the acoustic scattering amplitude of a normally incident plane wave. A large number of cases of repulsion are found in the phase-velocity dispersion curves of the various types of circumferential waves due to the shell-fluid coupling.     

Analysis of transient responses in a laminated piezoelectric cylindrical shell

A hybrid numerical method is proposed for analysis of transient responses in a multilayered piezoelectric cylindrical shell.In the present method,the associated equations of the displacement field and the electro-potential field are developed using an analytical-numerical method.The piezoelectric cylindrical shell is discretized into layered annular elements along the wall thickness direction.The governing equations are determined by Hamilton's Principle considering the coupling between the elastic and elec...