1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯的比热容、热力学性质及绝热至爆时间研究

应用Micro-DSCⅢ微热量仪的两种连续比热容测定模式对1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7)比热容进行了测定. 得到298.15 K时FOX-7的标准摩尔比热容分别为176.56和176.02 J•mol^－1•K^－1, 相对偏差为0.31%. 运用Gaussian 03W程序的DFT-RB3LYP/6-311＋＋G**方法对FOX-7在283～353 K温度范围内进行了比热容理论计算, 结果为147.11～170.54 J•mol^－1•K^－1, 与Micro-DSCⅢ微热量仪测定值偏差在13.27%～15.46%之间. 用测得的比热容方程计算了298.15 K为基础的FOX-7的热力学函数并得到了绝热至爆时间.     

2-氯-4,6-二苯氨基-1,3,5-三嗪改性纤维素的制备、结晶结构与水解性能

目前, 纤维素水解产生可发酵糖的效率很低, 是纤维素-乙醇转化的瓶颈问题. 拟以化学改性的方法改变纤维素结晶结构从而提高其水解效率. 首先以三聚氰氯(TCT)、苯胺为原料, 合成2-氯-4,6-二苯氨基-1,3,5-三嗪(DACT), 通过红外光谱、核磁共振谱图表征其结构. 将DACT用于微晶纤维素羟基的修饰, 并将修饰后的纤维素于50 ℃、固液比为1∶20 (W/V)比为条件下用70 wt%硫酸水解60 min, 研究DACT用量对纤维素结晶结构和水解性能的影响. 水解实验结果表明DACT的相对物质的量的百分含量(以葡萄糖环计)为30%左右时, 改性纤维素经酸催化水解后还原糖得率最高, 广角X射线衍射证实该水解结果可归因于化学改性令纤维素的结晶结构发生变化, 利于纤维素水解产生可发酵糖.     

析因设计法优化制备聚(DVB)型整体柱及分离小分子物质的应用

以二乙烯基苯(DVB)为单体,十二烷醇和甲苯为制孔剂,在引发剂偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)的作用下,直接以φ4.6×50mm色谱柱为模具,通过原位聚合制备了聚(二乙烯基苯)型整体柱.通过析因设计,以十二烷醇占反应混合物体积比,二乙烯基苯占反应混合物体积比,偶氮二异丁腈所占聚合物质量比3因素,以整体柱对小分子的分离度为响应指标进行了3因素2水平全析因实验.结果表明,引发剂的量对分离度的影响最大,其次为十二烷醇占反应混合物体积比与引发剂占聚合物质量比的交互作用和3因素交互作用,而其他效应,如十二烷醇占反应混合物体积比,DVB占反应混合物体积比,十二烷醇与DVB的交互作用,DVB与引发剂的交互作用的影响较小,可以忽略;从而得到了分离小分子物质的最优配方;通过测定整体柱的比表面积,孔径和孔容分布对其进行表征.所制备的整体柱,能够通过高效液相色谱系统对苯,乙苯和萘这3种小分子物质进行分离.分离条件为:100×4.6mm I.D.色谱柱,流动相为乙腈:水=80:20(v/v),流速1mL/min,检测峰值254nm.色谱柱背压5MPa,分离时间10min.     

2,2-二氟-1-溴-1-锂乙烯的结构及重排反应的理论研究

用量子化学中的密度泛函DFT方法,在B3LYP／6-31G(d,p)水平上研究了2,2-二氟-1-溴-1-锂乙烯F2C—CLiBr的结构．结果表明,F2C=CLiBr有2种平衡结构,其中只有1种是稳定的．对稳定的平衡结构,找到了其可能的重排反应过渡态,根据计算得到的重排反应势垒,解释了氟原子只从溴原子对位发生迁移的原因．     

五种1-烷基-2,3-二甲基咪唑型离子液体的合成及作为Li/LiFeO4电池电解液的研究

合成了五种新的1-烷基-2,3-二甲基咪唑二(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺离子液体(alkyl-DMimTFSI).以离子液体作为Li/LiFeO4电池电解液,分别考察不同烷基(正丁基、正戊基、正辛基、异辛基和正癸基)对电解液理化性质、界面性质和电池行为的影响.结果表明离子液体的电化学窗口都可以达到5.6V(-0.4～5.2Vvs.Li+/Li),显示它们具有较好的电化学稳定性.加入碳酸亚乙烯酯作为添加剂后,离子液体电解液在Li负极形成稳定的固体电解质相界面膜(SEI),从而提高了Li负极的稳定性,保护了Li片不受腐蚀.电化学阻抗和循环伏安分析进一步揭示LiFeO4正极与离子液体电解液也有良好的兼容性.此外,研究还表明离子液体中烷基种类严重影响它们的电池行为.采用butyl-DMimTFSI和amyl-DMimTFSI电解液体系的电池充放电容量和可逆性明显优于另外三种离子液体,它们的首次放电容量分别达到145和152.6mAh/g,并表现出良好的充放电循环性能.因粘度最大,采用isooctyl-DMimTFSI电解液的电池首次放电容量仅为8.3mAh/g,但添加碳酸丙烯酯(质量比1∶1)稀释后首次放电容量上升至132.4mAh/g.     

钴-4-(5-氯-2-吡啶偶氮)-1,3-二氨基苯-Triton X-100体系的析相富集及痕量钴的光度测定

本文研究了TritonX-100在浊点条件下对钴-4-(5-氯-2-吡啶偶氮)-1,3-二氨基苯(5-Cl-PADAB)络合物的析相条件,在pH4.0～6.0介质中,将胶束溶液加热到92±1℃,保持40min,络合物即被TritonX-100相富集。富集液在575nm测定吸光度,钴含量在0～4μg/5ml范围内服从比尔定律,干扰离子可在TritonX-100析相液中加入H_2SO_4消除。拟定的方法灵敏、简捷,已用于不经分离直接测定人发及自来水中痕量钴。     

玻璃态PET的有序结构与解偏振光的记忆效应

聚合物的非晶态结构究竟是完全无序的 ,还是局部有序的 ,目前存在两种对立的学说 ,即 Flory的无规线团模型和 Yeh的两相球粒模型 [1] .Siegmann等 [2 ]在研究低于玻璃化转变温度 (Tg≈ 3 4 3 K)下的退火对 PET热谱 (DSC)中玻璃化转变的影响时发现 ,未经退火后的 PET在 Tg范围内仅表现出一个拐折 ,而在 3 2 7K退火时 ,随时间的增加 ,出现了类似于吸热峰的转变过程 ,并认为是由玻璃态中有序程度的增加所致 .本文通过解偏振光方法 (DLI)的研究发现 ,在玻璃态的 PET中确实存在着一定的有序结构 ,与晶态 PET中的有序结构不同的是 ,玻璃…     

Suppression of Multiple Scattering in a Depolarized Light-Scattering Experiment Using the One-Beam Setup

We have performed depolarized dynamic light-scattering measurements of suspensions of colloidal spherical particles made of tetrafluoroethylene copolymerized with perfluoromethylvinylether (MFA). Measurements on highly concentrated turbid suspensions of 17 wt% MFA in water show that the one-beam cross-correlation technique successfully suppresses the multiple scattering contributions. This is the first time that a cross-correlation technique has been used in a depolarized scattering experiment.     

聚对苯甲酰胺存在下尼龙6的结晶化

用解偏振光强度法和DSC等方法研究了少量聚对苯甲酰胺(PBA)对尼龙6结晶化过程和热行为的影响.利用Avrami方程处理解偏振光强度法的实验结果,得到了尼龙6及含PBA 1%、2%尼龙6的n值分别为3.3、1.6、1.7.DSC结果表明,尼龙6中掺入少量的PBA会使结晶度提高,X射线衍射显示,当尼龙6中加入少量PBA后,晶格结构并未改变。     

Temperature-modulated Calorimetry of the Crystallization of Polymers Analyzed by Measurements and Model Calculations

The response of temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) to irreversible crystallization of linear polymers was investigated by model calculations and compared to a number of measurements. Four different exotherms were added to a typical modulated, reversible heat-flow rate in order to simulate irreversible crystallization. It was found that the reversing heat-flow rate of the TMDSC in response to such irreversible crystallization exotherms is strongly affected by tbe shape of the transition and the phase-angle where the exotherm occurs. A comparison with the experimental data gave valuable insight into the transitions, as well as the nature of the TMDSC response which is usually limited to an analysis of the first harmonic term of the Fourier series that describes the heat-flow rate.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Light Intensity and Photoperiod Affect Growth and Nutritional Quality of Brassica Microgreens

We explored the effects of different light intensities and photoperiods on the growth, nutritional quality and antioxidant properties of two Brassicaceae microgreens (cabbage Brassica oleracea L. and Chinese kale Brassica alboglabra Bailey). There were two experiments: (1) four photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) of 30, 50, 70 or 90 μmoL·m⁻²·s⁻¹ with red:blue:green = 1:1:1 light-emitting diodes (LEDs); (2) five photoperiods of 12, 14, 16, 18 or 20 h·d⁻¹. With the increase of light intensity, the hypocotyl length of cabbage and Chinese kale microgreens shortened. PPFD of 90 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ was beneficial to improve the nutritional quality of cabbage microgreens, which had higher contents of chlorophyll, carotenoids, soluble sugar, soluble protein and vitamin C, as well as increased antioxidant capacity. The optimal PPFD for Chinese kale microgreens was 70 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹. Increasing light intensity could increase the antioxidant capacity of cabbage and Chinese kale microgreens, while not significantly affecting glucosinolate (GS) content. The dry and fresh weight of cabbage and Chinese kale microgreens were maximized with a 14-h·d⁻¹ photoperiod. The chlorophyll, carotenoid and soluble protein content in cabbage and Chinese kale microgreens were highest for a 16-h·d⁻¹ photoperiod. The lowest total GS content was found in cabbage microgreens under a 12-h·d⁻¹ photoperiod and in Chinese kale microgreens under 16-h·d⁻¹ photoperiod. In conclusion, the photoperiod of 14~16 h·d⁻¹, and 90 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ and 70 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ PPFD for cabbage and Chinese kale microgreens, respectively, were optimal for cultivation.     

高分子结晶的新进展、新模型

回顾了高分子结晶经典模型－成核与生长模型，讨论了近年来高分子结晶研究的新结果，新进展，特别介绍了德国著名高分子物理学家Strobl提出的高分子结晶是从熔体先形成中间相，中间相转变为小晶块，最后小晶块融合为均匀为片晶的全新模型。     

Stochastic and Deterministic Simulation of Nonisothermal Crystallization of Polymers

This paper is devoted to the numerical simulation of nonisothermal crystallization of polymers, which may be modelled as a stochastic birth-and-growth process. One of the main aims is to develop efficient algorithms for the stochastic simulation of such process. We put a special emphasis on the problem of computing the surface density of crystals, which is an important factor for the mechanical properties of the solidified material. Moreover, an averaged deterministic model, designed as an approximation in the case of many small crystals (which is very frequent in industrial applications), is presented, and the results of numerical simulations are compared with the corresponding simulations of the stochastic model.     

测定高聚物结晶动力学参数的非等温理论和方法

对测定高聚物结晶动力学参数的非等温结晶理论和等速变温ＤＳＣ方法进行了讨论，文中包含了作者在此领域研究工作的最新进展。     

红外光谱法研究己内酯非等温结晶过程

红外光谱法研究己内酯非等温结晶过程;特征吸收谱带;结晶度;结晶速率     

Thermal and Structural Behavior of Palm Oil. Influence of Cooling Rate on Fat Crystallization

Summary: The effects of scanning rates (q = −0.5 °C/min to −50 °C/min) on the formation of the different phases occurring at low temperature of a palm oil are investigated by means of calorimetry and optical analysis. It is demonstrated that the cooling rates changed the polymorphism of triacylglycerols (TAGs). The centrifugation is used to separate the two fractions (olein and stearin) of palm oil. We show whereas the rate of centrifugation the separation is not effective. We obtained two fractions, a liquid fraction and a solid fraction which contains some liquid TAGs. It is observed that the solid fraction of palm oil is more sensitive to the effects of the cooling rates. By changing the cooling rate q, it appears threshold behaviour for q = −3 °C/min dividing the data discussion in two parts: for slow cooling rate and for fast cooling rate. At slow cooling rates, TAGs had more time to interact. Contrary at fast cooling rate, TAGs have not the time to be reorganised in more stable conformation. Micrographs revealed that the types of crystals observed were spherolites but some variations in crystal size appeared with the variation of cooling rate.