An unexpected migration of O-silyl group under Mitsunobu reaction conditions

A 1,4 O→O silyl migration followed by nucleophilic substitution with phthalimide was observed under Mitsunobu reaction conditions. This one step secondary alcohol protection and primary alcohol substitution with N-nucleophiles was extended to a variety of 2-hydroxyethyl trialkylsilylether derivatives. A possible mechanism has been postulated based on the pK_a values of the alcohol and nucleophile. The present one-pot silyl migration and substitution reaction might find application in the stereoselective synthesis of novel iminosugar derived anti diabetic agents.     

Intermolecular cyclocondensation reaction of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-thione under the Mitsunobu reaction conditions

A self-intermolecular cyclocondensation reaction of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-thione(DHPM) to give a novel tricyclic structure containing DHPM core in the presence of diethyl azodicarboxylate(DEAD) and triphenylphosphine(TPP) at room temperature is reported.     

Mitsunobu reactions of nucleoside analogs using triisopropyl phosphite-DIAD

Herein, we report the use of triisopropyl phosphite (TIP) as an effective substitute for triphenylphosphine in the Mitsunobu reaction of nucleoside analogs. In addition, the use of triphenyl phosphite as an alternative reagent for the expensive hexamethylphosphorous triamide (HMPT) in the Véliz-Beal bromination protocol is reported.     

O-Alkylation versus C-alkylation under Mitsunobu conditions

A comparative study of the Mitsunobu reaction at C1 and C6 positions of mannose using bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) malonate as nucleophile is disclosed. While C-alkylation was predominant at the C6 position, only O-alkylation occurred at the anomeric position of the carbohydrate. Some factors playing a role in the selectivity of the reaction are discussed and an inverse mechanism of the Mitsunobu reaction for the anomeric position is proposed.     

3,3-Dimethoxypropylsulfonyl Group: A new versatile protecting and activating group for amine synthesis

3,3-Dimethoxypropylsulfonyl (Dimps) chloride was prepared and used as a new versatile sulfonating agent for ammonia, primary and secondary amines to afford corresponding Dimps-amides in excellent yields. The resulting N-nonsubstituted and N-monosubstituted Dimps-amides, activated amines, were alkylated satisfactorily under new Mitsunobu conditions. The Dimps group was removed by treatment in aqueous solution under acidic followed by basic conditions. Furthermore, epilachnene, the defensive droplets from the Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis, was synthesized utilizing this Dimps methodology in short steps.     

Direct azidation of unprotected carbohydrates under Mitsunobu conditions using hydrazoic acid

A single step procedure for the direct and regioselective synthesis of carbohydrate azides from unprotected sugars using hydrazoic acid under Mitsunobu conditions is reported. A series of mono-, di-, or triazido polyhydroxylated systems are described.     

Synthesis of azamacrocycles via a Mitsunobu reaction

Reaction of pernosylated diethylenetriamine and 2-substituted propane-1,3-diols in dry THF in the presence of triphenylphosphine and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate gives the corresponding protected 9-substituted 1,4,7-triazacyclodecanes. The Mitsunobu reaction was also used in the preparation of 3-substituted 1,5,9-triazacyclododecanes and macrocyclic pyridine derivatives.     

O-Alkylation of 3-hydroxyisoxazoles predominates under Mitsunobu conditions

Regiochemical control in the functionalization of ambident nucleophiles is of particular interest in organic chemistry. Herein, we demonstrate that O-alkylation of ambident 3-hydroxyisoxazoles, which are heterocyclic bioisosteres of carboxylic acids, predominates under Mitsunobu conditions. In several cases, excellent O-regioselectivity (?95%) was observed. It is noteworthy that reactions were complete within 15 min at room temperature. Furthermore, the conditions are compatible with a range of alcohols that cover all of the typical protecting groups for the 3-hydroxyisoxazole motif, providing milder, simpler and less hazardous protocols to those commonly followed in the literature.     

Facile preparation of thiophene C2-ethers using the Mitsunobu reaction

The preparation of thiophene ethers generally requires forcing conditions thus limiting the choice of alkyl substituent. Herein, we report the first successful generally applicable conditions for the selective O-alkylation of 2(5H)-thiophenone.     

A Mitsunobu reaction to functionalized cyclic and bicyclic N-arylamines

The scope of an unexpected Mitsunobu cyclisation to prepare N-arylated Fsp³-enriched azacycles was investigated. In the current study, we have identified whether a pKa-dependent Mitsunobu cyclodehydration or a pKa-independent Mitsunobu intramolecular reaction was in operation. A Mitsunobu reaction, creating a leaving group, followed by intramolecular nucleophilic displacement was determined to be the dominant pathway.     

Dicyclopentyl azodicarboxylate(DCpAD):A new alternative azo-reagent for the Mitsunobu reaction

Dicyciopentyl azodicarboxylate is introduced as a new azo-reagent which can be conveniently prepared in two steps and be used in the Mitsunobu reaction.Though there are no distinct difference of reactivity between DCpAD and DEAD,the former is a more preferable azo-reagent for its stability.     

Synthesis of flavonoid 2-deoxyglucosides via the Mitsunobu reaction

The Mitsunobu reaction of flavonoids and 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranose or 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranose is a very effective method for the stereoselective synthesis of flavonoid 2-deoxyglucosides. Since there is no C2 substituent on the sugar moieties, the observed α- or β-stereoselectivity was mainly controlled by the (acetyl or benzyl) protecting groups. Possible mechanistic insights are offered to explain the dual stereoselectivity.     

Reactions of Neomycin B under Mitsunobu Conditions: A Correction of the Literature

Reaction of N‐Boc neomycin with triphenylphosphine and diissopropyl azodicarboxylate in either toluene or THF results in an epoxide in ring IV, not an aziridine or azetidine as previously reported.     

DMEAD: a new dialkyl azodicarboxylate for the Mitsunobu reaction

Di-2-methoxyethyl azodicarboxylate (DMEAD) is prepared in 65% yield in two steps as a crystalline solid. Use of DMEAD in the Mitsunobu reaction of a variety of alcohols with pronucleophiles results in good yields of the products under sufficient stereospecificity of inversion, as conventional diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD) does. Isolation of the product is, however, much easier with DMEAD than that with DIAD, because the hydrazine produced from DMEAD is highly hydrophilic and is completely separable by a simple extraction into neutral water. Purification of the organic layer, after separation of the other by-product, triphenylphosphane oxide, by filtration, easily provides high purity of the product in a good yield. Concentration of the water layer yields the hydrazine, which can be reused for the preparation of DMEAD. One-step removal of the two by-products by the aqueous extraction was also possible when trimethylphosphane and DMEAD were employed.     

An efficient synthesis of dienic nucleoside analogues via a Mitsunobu reaction

Nucleoside analogues 9 and 12 were obtained in good yields from alcohol 7 which, under Mitsunobu conditions, led to the title products after deprotection steps.     

Synthesis of N-Z, N-Fmoc or Boc protected α-hydrazinoacids and study of the coupling reaction in solution of N-Z-α-hydrazinoesters

The preparation of chiral orthogonally protected N^α-Z, N^β-Fmoc- or Boc-α-hydrazinoacids derivatives, directly suitable for SPPS, is described in six steps with good yields starting from the corresponding α-aminoacids. The coupling reaction assays performed in liquid phase between N^α-Z-hydrazinoesters and N-Fmoc-α-aminoacids demonstrated the low reactivity of the hydrazinoester derivatives. However, we found that the acid fluoride method allowed the formation of hydrazinodipeptides almost quantitatively.     

An exception to the normal Mitsunobu reaction with phenols; the formation of hydrazones from salicylaldehydes

The reaction of 2-hydroxybenzaldehydes with alkanols in the presence of triphenylphosphine and di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (DBAD), under the Mitsunobu reaction conditions, gives rise to the formation of hydrazones as the major products rather than the expected alkyl aryl ethers.     

A double heteroatom Mitsunobu coupling with amino hydroxybenzoic acids on solid phase: a novel application of the Mitsunobu reaction to form dendron building blocks

A new highly efficient double heteroatom Mitsunobu coupling with amino hydroxybenzoic acids on solid phase is described. The synthetic routes reported in this work are general and applicable for the preparation of diverse building blocks, controlling protection, arm length, chirality, and peripheral functional groups. These novel units can form unusual dendritic architectures, which could be incorporated into specific complex structures, expanding the scope of dendrimer science.     

Inter- and intramolecular Mitsunobu reaction based approaches to 2-substituted chromans and chroman-4-ones

Two approaches to optically active 2-substituted chromans and chroman-4-ones are described. The first utilized an intermolecular Mitsunobu reaction of a homochiral halopropanol and 2-bromophenol followed by cyclization to the 2-substituted chroman. In addition, a double lithiation procedure was developed to introduce additional functionality to the chroman. The second approach utilized an intramolecular Mitsunobu cyclization to give the 2-substituted chroman-4-one nucleus. The methodologies were applied to the syntheses of several biologically active natural and synthetic products.     

Mitsunobu反应研究进展

Mitsunobu反应可以在温和的中性条件下形成C—O,C—N,C—S,C—C等键,因此被广泛地应用于各类天然产物的全合成或化合物的官能团转化,是一个比较重要的反应.简要介绍了近年来Mitsunobu反应的研究进展.