通道中串列旋转圆柱的格子Boltzmann-虚拟区域方法的模拟

通过结合格子Boltzmann方法(LBM)和虚拟区域(Fictitiou sDomain)思想,建立格子Boltzmann-虚拟区域(LB-DF/FD)方法.采用两套网格系统,欧拉网格用于流体,拉格朗日网格用于固体.原有的LBM在计算运动固体的受力方面存在数据振荡,LB-DF/FD方法改进了此缺陷.为验证该方法,模拟圆柱绕流、圆形颗粒在无限长通道中平动及在无限大流场中转动三种情况,结果与其他数值解及理论解符合得很好.利用该方法模拟低雷诺数下通道中串列旋转圆柱周围的流场,分析圆柱间距(g)及雷诺数(Re)对流场结构的影响.给出Re=0.001,0.1和10下,0.2≤g≤8.0的流线结构、圆柱升力、阻力以及力矩等数值结果.结果表明,g对流场的结构及圆柱的受力有显著影响,Re对圆柱阻力及Stokes单元数目的影响较大.     

串列对转双圆柱的多块LB模拟

结合格子玻尔兹曼方法(Lattice Boltzmann Method,简称LBM)和多块网格(Multi-Block Grid)技术,数值研究较小雷诺数(Re=100)下均匀来流绕串列对转双圆柱问题,综合分析圆柱中心间距比S/D和圆柱无量纲旋转速度α对流场结构的影响,考察前、后圆柱的涡脱落形态和升阻力特性.结果表明:当间距比为1.2时存在一临界旋转比α_c,转速超过这一值后前圆柱产生负Magnus效应;间距比为2时,流场出现类似单旋转圆柱时的第二不稳定模态;当间距比较大(S/D=4、6)时,前、后柱之间存在涡脱落,后柱尾涡中出现2S、2S^*、2P、P+S等多种形态.     

多孔介质内交变流动与换热的格子Boltzmann研究

针对制约脉冲管制冷机效率提高的蓄冷器内交变流动与换热问题,本文使用格子Boltzmann方法计算并分析了多孔介质内交变流动与换热特性。结果表明,交变流动压力波振幅对速度与压力和温度间的相位差的影响很小;通道界面处速度与压力的相位差在某一孔隙率下有一极小值;多孔介质内最大阻力系数与雷诺数的关系可以为设计蓄冷器时填料结构的...     

基于LBM方法的风力发电机尾流结构仿真

针对传统CFD数值计算方法难以实现风力机动态旋转及其旋转状态下的流固耦合计算,本文结合格子玻尔兹曼(LBM)方法易于处理动态复杂边界的特点及大涡模拟(LES)方法在非稳态涡流结构捕捉上的优势,采用LBM-LES联合方法进行三维风力发电机整机气动性能及尾流结构仿真研究,同时采用尺度自适应方法对尾涡结构进行跟踪和精细化计算。针对NREL PhaseⅥ型试验机进行模拟,得到了与实验结果吻合的流动形态及尾流结构演变规律,分析了尾流区速度演变规律并对比了不同亚格子湍流模型对计算结果的影响.     

基于VLES模型的振动圆柱数值模拟

本文将一种VLES(Very Large Eddy Simulation)模型引入到动网格数值计算中,并验证了VLES模型用于模拟类似振动圆柱绕流的动边界问题的有效性.数值求解了不同振幅和频率下非稳态振动圆柱绕流问题.研究表明:随着振幅和激励频率的增加,绕圆柱流动涡脱离形式从2S模式转换到2P0模式,再到P+S模式.在...     

三维格子Boltzmann方法研究上升双气泡的运动特性

应用格子Boltzmann三维模型，对双气泡在静水中的运动进行数值研究.采用八点差分和十八点差分格式分别求解一阶▽φ和二阶▽²φ可以有效避免气液密度比过大造成的数值不稳定问题.结果表明：当两个相同直径的气泡在上升时，位置靠上的气泡形状变化像单气泡上升一样，而位置靠下的气泡会受到前一个气泡尾迹的影响，并有很明显的形状变化.当两个气泡直径不同时，不管初始位置如何，大气泡总会对小气泡造成强烈的影响.     

用Lattice Boltzmann方法模拟1/4圆腔内的定常层流运动

分析格子Boltzmann方法中二阶精度的曲线边界处理方法.应用格子Boltzmann方法及其边界处理方法模拟1/4圆腔内的定常层流运动,引入流线图和等涡线图分析流场随Re数的变化.并且发现当Re数在10~100区间内变化时,随着Re数的增大,顺时针旋转流场的涡心位置偏离x轴的角度逐渐减小,而逆时针旋转流场的涡心位置偏离x轴的角度却越来越大.     

微通道内气体流动的格子Boltzmann方法研究

采用格子Boltzmann方法模拟了微通道在滑移区内不同Knudsen数下的微气体Poiseuille流,分析了微气体流动的速度分布以及流量与压降的关系,并给出了相对滑移长度和Poiseuille数随Knudsen数的变化特性。研究结果表明,微气体Poiseuille流的速度轮廓呈抛物线分布,但是边界速度大于0,出现速...     

方腔内微细颗粒物运动特性的格子Boltzmann方法模拟

对Masselot and Chopard提出的模拟气固两相流动的格子Boltzmann-格子气(LBE-LGA)方法进行推广,能够反映两相间拖曳作用.利用该方法研究封闭方腔内的气固两相流运动特性,分析斯托克斯数St和模拟颗粒数目对颗粒群运动的影响,并与文献结果进行比较,表明LBE-LGA方法模拟颗粒运动是可行的.     

Finite-Difference Lattice Boltzmann Scheme for High-Speed Compressible Flow: Two-Dimensional Case

Lattice Boltzmann (LB) modeling of high-speed compressible flows has long been attempted by various authors. One common weakness of most of previous models is the instability problem when the Mach number of the flow is large. In this paper we present a finite-difference LB model, which works for flows with flexible ratios of specific heats and a wide range of Mach number, from $0$ to 30 or higher. Besides the discrete-velocity-model by Watari [Physica A 382 (2007) 502], a modified Lax--Wendroff finite difference scheme and an artificial viscosity are introduced. The combination of the finite-difference scheme and the adding of artificial viscosity must find a balance of numerical stability versus accuracy. The proposed model is validated by recovering results of some well-known benchmark tests: shock tubes and shock reflections. The new model may be used to track shock waves and/or to study the non-equilibrium procedure in the transition between the regular and Mach reflections of shock waves, etc.     

微通道中气体流动的格子Boltzmann数值模拟

采用可压缩格子Boltzmann模型及非平衡外推边界条件,数值模拟微通道中的气体在滑移区域(Kn≤0.1)内的流动,计算结果包括出口速度剖面、通道中心压力分布以及质量流率等,与理论结果及其他实验结果符合得很好.还模拟了180°弯曲通道中的气体流动.结果表明,滑移速度的存在抑制了边界层的分离,因此在弯曲处不存在漩涡.计算结果还表明,弯道的存在显著影响了气体的质量流率.     

Simulation of Cardiac Flow under the Septal Defect Based on Lattice Boltzmann Method

In this paper, the lattice Boltzmann method was used to simulate the cardiac flow in children with aseptal defect. The inner wall model of the heart was reconstructed from 210 computed tomography scans. By simulating and comparing the cardiac flow field, the pressure field, the blood oxygen content, and the distribution of entropy generation before and after an operation, the effects of septal defect on pulmonary hypertension(PH), cyanosis, and heart load were analyzed in detail. It is found that the atrial septal defect(ASD) of the child we analyzed had a great influence on the blood oxygen content in the pulmonary artery, which leads to lower efficiency of oxygen binding in the lungs and increases the burden on the heart. At the same time, it also significantly enhanced the entropy generation rate of the cardiac flow, which also leads to a higher heart load. However, the main cause of PH is not ASD, but ventricular septal defect (VSD). Meanwhile, it significantly reduced the blood oxygen content in the brachiocephalic trunk, but rarely affects the blood oxygen contents in the downstream left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery, and descending aorta are not significantly affected by VSD. It causes severe cyanosis on the face and lips.     

微通道内不混溶气液两相二氧化碳界面动力学行为的格子Boltzmann研究

将高精度的二氧化碳状态方程与气液两相流格子Boltzmann方法中的伪势模型耦合,研究微通道内二氧化碳气液两相流动的界面动力学行为,包括二氧化碳气泡和液滴的分裂、合并、变形,以及气液两相二氧化碳在演化过程中的质量交换.研究发现：当分裂和合并行为达到平衡,并且两相之间不发生质量交换时流动达到稳态.稳态时的流型主要依赖于表面张力,惯性力,管道的润湿性,以及初始体积分数.当表面张力较大时,微通道内形成的二氧化碳气泡或液滴会收缩成圆形,此时二氧化碳气泡或液滴会堵塞微通道,形成段塞流;随着表面张力的减小,形成的气泡或液滴不容易收缩,在微通道内更容易发生变形,出现泡状流或环状流.当壁面润湿性为强疏水性时,二氧化碳在微通道中的流动为环状流,其它润湿性下,流型为段塞流.体积分数较小时,二氧化碳两相流动的流型为段塞流,体积分数较大时,流型为环状流.     

Numerical Simulation of Swirl Flow Characteristics of CO2 Hydrate Slurry by Short Twisted Band

The development of oil and gas resources is gradually transferring to the deep sea, and the hydrate plugging of submarine pipelines at high pressures and low temperatures is becoming an important problem to ensure the safety of pipeline operations. The swirl flow is a new method to expand the boundary of hydrate safe flow. Numerical simulation of the hydrate slurry flow characteristics in a horizontal pipeline by twisted band has been carried out, and the flow of CO₂ hydrate slurry in low concentration has been simulated by the RSM and DPM models. The results show that the heat transfer efficiency is also related to Re and particle concentration. The velocity distribution has the form of symmetrical double peaks, and the peaks finally merge at the center of the pipeline. Vortexes firstly appear on both sides of the edge of the twisted band, and then move to the middle part of the twisted band. Finally, the vortex center almost coincides with the velocity center. The rotation direction of hydrate particles is the same as the twisted direction of the twisted band, twist rate (Y) is smaller, Re is larger, and the symmetric vortex lines merge farther away. The initial swirl number is mainly related to Y, but not Re. The swirl flow attenuates exponentially, and its attenuation rate is mainly related to Re, but not Y. Compared with ordinary pipelines, the swirl flow can obviously improve the transportation distance of hydrate slurry.     

二维流场、热结构松耦合模拟研究

本文针对轴对称型飞行器前缘部位,采用松耦合方法,开展了二维高超声速流固界面的热耦合计算。满足非稳态N-S方程的外部流场和内部非稳态热传导均采用商用软件FLUENT进行计算。通过对相同时刻,不同松耦合推进时间步长引起的壁面热流密度、壁面温度、表面传热系数的差异对比,得出了松耦合推进时间对以上参数的影响规律,这对有效实施松耦合方法进行高超声速飞行器模拟具有积极意义。     

颗粒碰撞的直接模拟算法

为研究细微颗粒间平均碰撞率,构建了直接模拟三维空间内颗粒碰撞的数值方法.对剪切流内夹带的无惯性颗粒和自由运动颗粒的碰撞过程分别进行了数值模拟,得到的颗粒平均碰撞率的模拟值与理论值的相对误差小于1%.在碰撞颗粒对的搜索过程中,引入网络排除法等优化措施,使计算量降低两个量级以上,而不增大相对误差.采用不同的Δt模拟同一颗粒群的运动,发现较小的时间步长可以避免因为截断误差增大的相对误差.在不遗失颗粒碰撞的条件下,较密的计算网格可明显减少计算量.     

流向对管束外混合对流影响的数值模拟

用格子玻尔兹曼方法对微圆管管束外混合对流的换热情况进行了数值模拟研究。在充分验证程序正确性的基础上,对混合流动绕流时不同壳侧进液角度,不同雷诺数Re以及瑞利数Ra等方面对传热的影响进行模拟研究,对衡量传热效果的Nu数及温度场进行了对比,总结出了换热规律。为高效微管换热器的开发提供了理论指导。     

Numerical Study on the Coagulation and Breakage of Nanoparticles in the Two-Phase Flow around Cylinders

The Reynolds averaged N-S equation and dynamic equation for nanoparticles are numerically solved in the two-phase flow around cylinders, and the distributions of the concentration M₀ and geometric mean diameter d_g of particles are given. Some of the results are validated by comparing with previous results. The effects of particle coagulation and breakage and the initial particle concentration m₀₀ and size d₀ on the particle distribution are analyzed. The results show that for the flow around a single cylinder, M₀ is reduced along the flow direction. Placing a cylinder in a uniform flow will promote particle breakage. For the flow around multiple cylinders, the values of M₀ behind the cylinders oscillate along the spanwise direction, and the wake region in the flow direction is shorter than that for the flow around a single cylinder. For the initial monodisperse particles, the values of d_g increase along the flow direction and the effect of particle coagulation is larger than that of particle breakage. The values of d_g fluctuate along the spanwise direction; the closer to the cylinders, the more frequent the fluctuations of d_g values. For the initial polydisperse particles with d₀ = 98 nm and geometric standard deviation σ = 1.65, the variations of d_g values along the flow and spanwise directions show the same trend as for the initial monodisperse particles, although the differences are that the values of d_g are almost the same for the cases with and without considering particle breakage, while the distribution of d_g along the spanwise direction is flatter in the case with initial polydisperse particles.     

微尺度串列双圆柱绕流的分子动力学并行模拟

本文采用基于空间分解算法的分子动力学并行模拟方法,研究了微尺度、低雷诺数（Re=40）下串列等大的双圆柱绕流现象。结果表明：随着间距比L＊／D＊的增加,流动存在3种特征状态：当L＊／D＊〈1．1时,同单一物体的绕钝体流动相似;当1．1〈L＊／0＊〈3．5时,涡脱落现象只在下游圆柱出现,在两圆柱之间有交替附着于下游圆柱的...     

Lattice Boltzmann simulation of fluid flows in two-dimensional channel with complex geometries

Boundary conditions (BCs) play an essential role in lattice Boltzmann (LB) simulations. This paper investigates several most commonly applied BCs by evaluating the relative L₂-norm errors of the LB simulations for two-dimensional (2-D) Poiseuille flow. It is found that the relative L₂-norm error resulting from FHML's BC is smaller than that from other BCs as a whole. Then, based on the FHML's BC, it formulates an LB model for simulating fluid flows in 2-D channel with complex geometries. Afterwards, the flows between two inclined plates, in a pulmonary blood vessel and in a blood vessel with local expansion region, are simulated. The numerical results are in good agreement with the analytical predictions and clearly show that the model is effective. It is expected that the model can be extended to simulate some real biologic flows, such as blood flows in arteries, vessels with stenosises, aneurysms and bifurcations, etc.