Difference of Directions Between External Driving Force and Movement Direction of Center of Mass

Driven dynamics of a two-dimensional Frenkel-Kontorova model is studied in the paper. In our numerical simulations, it is found that the movement direction of the center of mass is not consistent with that of the external driving force except for some special symmetric directions at the lower driving force. Our results also indicate that the movement direction of the center of mass strongly depends on both the magnitude and the direction of the external driving force as well as the misfit angle between two layers.     

Application of Two-Dimensional Frenkel-Kontorova Model to Nanotribology

The dry friction force between two contacting surface layers is studied. The upper layer is arranged on a two-dimensional square lattice and driven by an external driving force. The lower layer is approximated by a two-dimensional periodic substrate potential. This model, usually called two-dimensional Frenkel-Kontorova model, is applied to study the friction forces in this paper. The behaviors of different substrate potential strongly affect the static friction force. It is found that the system has strong anisotropic character. The possibility to obtain superlubricity is suggested.     

Anisotropic character of atoms in a two-dimensional Frenkel–Kontorova model

The dynamics of a certain density of interacting atoms arranged on a two-dimensional square lattice, which is made to slide over a two-dimensional periodic substrate potential with also the quare lattice symmetry, in the presence of dissipation, by an externally applied driving force, is studied. By rotating the misfit angle θ, the dynamical behaviour displays two different tribological regimes: one is smooth, the other becomes intermittent. We comment both on the nature of the atomic dynamics in the locked-to-sliding transition, and on the dynamical states displayed during the atom motion at different values of the driving force. In tribological applications, we also investigate how the main model parameters such as the stiffness strength and the magnitude of the adhesive force affect the static friction of the system. In particular, our simulation indicates that the superlubricity will appear.     

Application of Two-Dimensional Frenkel-Kontorova Model to Nanotribology

The dry friction force between two contacting surface layers is studied. The upper layer is arranged on a two-dimensional square lattice and driven by an external driving force. The lower layer is approximated by a two-dimensional periodic substrate potential. This model, usually called two-dimensional Frenkel-Kontorova model, is applied to study the friction forces in this paper. The behaviors of different substrate potential strongly affect the static frictionforce. It is found that the system has strong anisotropic character. The possibility to obtain superlubricity is suggested.     

Current Reversal Due to Coupling Between Asymmetrical Driving Force and Ratchet Potential

Transport of a Brownian particle moving in a periodic potential is investigated in the presence of an asymmetric unbiased external force. The asymmetry of the external force and the asymmetry of the potential are the two ways of inducing a net current. It is found that the competition of the spatial asymmetry of potential with the temporal asymmetry of the external force leads to the phenomena like current reversal. The competition between the two opposite driving factors is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for current reversals.     

Stability of GOY Model Under Modulation of Periodic External Force

There is a phase transition between quasi-periodic state and intermittent chaos in GOY model with a critical value δ0. When we add a modulated periodic externa/force to the system, the phase transition can also be found with a critical value δe. Due to coupling between the force and the intrinsic fluctuation of the velocity on shells in GOY model, the stability of the system has been changed, which results in the variation of the critical value. For proper intensity and period of the force, δe is unequal to δ0. The critical value is a nonlinear function of amplitude of the force, and the fluctuation of the velocity can resonate with the external force for certain period Te.     

Kinetic Arrest Originating in Competition Between Attractive Interaction and Packing Force

We discuss the situation where attractive and repulsive portions of the interparticle potential both contribute significantly to glass formation. We introduce the square-well potential as prototypical model for this situation, and reject the Baxter model as a useful model for comparison to experiment on glasses, based on our treatment within mode coupling theory. We present explicit results for various well widths, and show that, for narrow wells, there is a useful analytical formula that would be suitable for experimentalists working in the field of colloidal science. We raise the question as to whether, in a more exact treatment, the sticky-sphere limit might have an infinite glass transition temperature or a high but finite one.     

Moments of the First Passage Time Under External Driving

A general theory is derived for the moments of the first passage time of a one-dimensional Markov process in the presence of a weak time-dependent forcing. The linear corrections to the moments can be expressed by quadratures of the potential and of the time-dependent probability density of the unperturbed system or equivalently by its Laplace transform. If none of the latter functions is known, the derived formulas may still be useful for specific cases including a slow driving or a driving with power at only small or large times. In the second part of the paper, explicit expressions for the mean and variance of the first passage time are derived for the cases of a linear or a parabolic potential and an exponentially decaying driving force. The analytical results are found to be in excellent agreement with computer simulations of the respective first-passage processes. The particular examples furthermore demonstrate that already the effect of a simple exponential driving can be fairly involved implying a nontrivial nonmonotonic behavior of mean and variance as functions of the drivings time scale.     

Spurious Center of Mass Effects in Electroweak Decays

The microscopic treatment of the spurious motion of the center of mass in nuclear many-body systems is reviewed. In this talk we present and compare the results of using the counterterms which are needed to fulfill the translational and Galilean invariances, and those obtained by using collective variables. The formalism is applied to the calculation of matrix elements of electroweak operators, as those which are active in the (^-, e^-) conversion process.     

Connections Between the Riemann and the Lorentz Force Laws

It is known that for the magnetic force due to a closed circuit, the Weber force law can be identical to the Lorentz force law. In this investigation it is shown that for both the electric and the magnetic force of the quasi-static case, the Riemann force law can be identical to the Lorentz force law, while the former is based on a potential energy depending on a relative speed and is in accord with Newton's law of action and reaction.     

Relation Between the Pole Mass and MS Mass of Top Quark in Supersymmetric QCD

We discuss the relation between the pole mass and MS mass of top quark in the framework of the supersymmetric QCD.We find that the supersymmetric contributions are comparable to those of the standard model.     

浅析细绳与弹簧的不同

在力学中研究物体的平衡或运动时，常使用细绳或弹簧对物体施加力的作用．那么，细绳与弹簧在对物体作用中有何不同呢?本文对这个问题作点阐述。     

Ashkin-Teller Formalism for Elastic Response of DNA Molecule to External Force and Torque

We propose an Ashkin-Teller-like model for elastic response of DNA molecule to external force and torque. The base-stacking interaction is described in a simple and uniform way. We obtain the phase diagram of dsDNA, and in particular, the transition from 13 form to the S state induced by stretching and twisting. The elastic response of the ssDNA is presented also in a unified formalism. The close relation of dsDNA molecule structure with elastic response is shown clearly. The calculated folding angle of the dsDNA molecule is 59.2°.     

Theory for Difference Between Photoinduced Phase and Thermally Excited Phase

A possible difference between the photoinduced phase and the thermally excited one is studied by using a two-dimensional extended Peierls-Hubbard model, which includes a strong electron-phonon coupling and a on-site interelectron repulsion, as well as an anharmonic lattice potential. Because of this anharmonicity, the system undergoes a first order phase transition from an insulating CDW state to a metallic one at a high temperature. Although some sign of an SDW order is expected to appear due to this repulsion, it is always hidden in any equilibrium phase of the present system. In fact, it is hidden, not only in the CDW ground state, but also in this metallic one, since the high temperature itself destroys the SDW order, far before the CDW-metal transition occurs, while a photo-excitation at low enough temperature is shown to generate a local metastable SDW domain. Therefore, to observe the presence of such Coulomb interaction and the resultant broken symmetry, a nonequilibrium photoinduced phase is shown to be most straightforward. Thus, the photoinduce phase transition can make an interaction appear as a broken symmetry only in this phase, even though this interaction is almost completely hidden in all the equilibrium phases from low temperature to high ones.     

核子的电磁质量与夸克间距的关系

给出一个简易的核子内部夸克的分布模型,讨论了质子和中子的电磁质量,并结合现有的实验数据给出了夸克间距的大致尺度。     

AFM针尖-测试面接触分子动力学研究

针对AFM针尖-测试面的接触问题,利用分子动力学模拟针尖同测试面间的"跳跃粘附"和"颈缩分离"过程;分析接触力同接触间隙的关系及测试面压力分布;发现分离过程滞后粘附过程;得到接触力大小只与接触区域附近少数原子层有关,且接触区域近处原子受压力、远处受拉力的结论;讨论测试面位错半径同接触力和接触间隙的关系.     

Specifying Angular Momentum and Center of Mass for Vacuum Initial Data Sets

We show that it is possible to perturb arbitrary vacuum asymptotically flat spacetimes to new ones having exactly the same energy and linear momentum, but with center of mass and angular momentum equal to any preassigned values measured with respect to a fixed affine frame at infinity. This is in contrast to the axisymmetric situation where a bound on the angular momentum by the mass has been shown to hold for black hole solutions. Our construction involves changing the solution at the linear level in a shell near infinity, and perturbing to impose the vacuum constraint equations. The procedure involves the perturbation correction of an approximate solution which is given explicitly.     

外力作用下熊猫型保偏光纤应力双折射分析

根据光弹性理论,列出熊猫型保偏光纤内的应力方程。由于保偏光纤具有轴对称性,故可以在分析过程中略去应力的轴向分量。利用傅里叶级数展开法分析了仅存在固有热应力时熊猫型保偏光纤内的应力分布,并进一步分析了外力作用下熊猫型保偏光纤的应力分布及应力双折射随应力分布所发生的变化。利用MATLAB进行了数值模拟,给出应力双折射量B随外力的变化曲线,并讨论了随应力区参数的增大,双折射量B先减小后增大的性质。     

机械剥离折叠石墨烯粘附与纳米摩擦性质

本文用原子力显微镜研究了空气和氮气两种不同气氛环境下的机械剥离石墨烯粘附力,发现氮气环境下的粘附力更小,且石墨烯边缘的粘附力比内部区域大.在氮气环境下探究了折叠石墨烯粘附力与层数的关系及其摩擦性能,结果表明粘附力与折叠石墨烯层数无明显关系,折叠石墨烯各区域的摩擦性能都远超二氧化硅基底,且单层、单层上折叠、双层以及双层上折叠区域的摩擦系数依次降低,分别为0.049,0.031,0.023和0.021,摩擦力也依次降低,折叠处由于层与层之间的结合力弱于相同层数的石墨烯,摩擦性能有所降低,但未发现粘附力与摩擦力之间的明显关系.在采用尖针和球针测量粘附力时,测量历史不会对后续粘附力产生明显影响.对空气环境下出现的新鲜折叠石墨烯的研究表明新鲜折叠石墨烯的折叠区域摩擦力较未折叠区域显著增大.