Evolution of a stress-driven pattern in thin bilayer films: spinodal wrinkling

We report the full spectrum of the evolution of the wrinkle pattern formation in a thin bilayer film of an elastic metal on a viscoelastic polymer. Although the origin is different, the transition of an initial islandlike pattern to a labyrinthine structure without any change in the wavelength (q approximately t(0)) and the overall evolutionary process is strikingly similar to that in the spinodal system but the process is robust and takes place on a long time scale (about 10 days). The change into a mountainous topography in the late stages is accompanied by an increase in the length scale from an initial wavelength to another. This change, due to the relaxation of the confined polymer that results in a transition from elastic- to viscouslike behavior, induces wave coarsening (q approximately t(-1.04+/-0.08)) and macroscopic roughening.     

Capillary wrinkling scaling laws of floating elastic thin film with a liquid drop

正The deformation patterns of elastic membranes under tension is called wrinkling.Wrinkling,which is caused by capillary surface tension,is called capillary wrinkling(Figure 1).In recent years wrinkling patterns have drawn particular attention[1-11],since it can be an useful tool to infer material parameters that might otherwise be inaccessible.For example,the commonly observed tearing instability of an elastic     

ZnS thin film prepared through a self-assembled thin film precursor route

Poly(zinc 1,6-hexanedithiolate) thin film, a precursor to prepare ZnS thin film, was self-assembled on a quartz substrate. The UV-vis spectra monitored the annealing process of the poly(zinc 1,6-hexanedithiolate) film, which revealed that the ZnS thin film began to form at approximately 515 K. The result of XRD confirmed the crystallinity of ZnS. With increase of annealing temperature, a red shift of the emission spectra was observed.     

Optical properties of thin metallic film/dielectric superlattices constrained by the size effect

The dispersion relation of the 1D Bloch wave vector accompanied with an incident transverse electromagnetic wave on thin metallic film/dielectric superlattices is crucial to its optical properties. The interference of excited longitudinal plasmons between neighbouring metallic films induces a collective oscillation of the whole superlattice causing coupled plasmon polariton waves. A calculation of the optical reflectance manipulated by the size effect on the dielectric constant induces more allowable bands at < as the specularity parameters p and q decrease, meanwhile the cut-off frequency for band rejection also shows a blue shift.     

Surface pattern formation on Cr thin film with ultrafast laser pulse

Laser irradiation of a metal surface with multiple pulses just below the ablation threshold generates a periodic surface pattern known as the laser-induced periodic surface structure. The aim of this study is to characterize these periodic structures by analyzing the electric field distribution at the metal surface. The analysis was conducted using a modified Debye model for the permittivity of the metal and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) software package XFDTD. Spatial periodic variation in the electric field distribution formed perpendicularly to the direction of polarization of the laser light, with a period of approximately half the wavelength of the light. This is similar to the period and direction observed experimentally in some studies, and the periodic distribution of the irradiance on the surface would be one of many causes of these structures.     

Laser direct writing pattern structures on AgInSbTe phase change thin film

Different pattern structures are obtained on the AgInSbTe(AIST) phase change film as induced by laser beam.Atomic force microscopy(AFM) was used to observe and analyze the different pattern structures.The AFM photos clearly show the gradually changing process of pattern structures induced by different threshold effects,such as crystallization threshold,microbump threshold,melting threshold,and ablation threshold.The analysis indicates that the AIST material is very effective in the fabrication of pattern structures and can offer relevant guidance for application of the material in the future.     

Diffusion through a polycrystalline thin film

Analytical solutions to Fick’s second law of diffusion have been simultaneously derived without the restrictions of parabolic profiles along the x-axis in grain boundaries and expressed in a series for both grain interior and grain boundary diffusing through a polycrystalline thin film. The analysis takes segregation of diffusion species at grain boundaries into account. The analytic solutions lead to the concentration profiles in the grain interior and in the grain boundary, to the average-integrated amount of diffusion species at the exit surface, and to the time lag, which can be technologically used for depth profile studies and kinetic accumulation measurements.     

刮膜蒸发器内非牛顿流体流场特性数值模拟

刮膜蒸发器是通过旋转刮板强制成膜,可实现高黏度非牛顿流体类物料平稳蒸发的新型高效蒸发器.蒸发器内流体的流动、分布与传输机制直接决定了蒸发器的蒸发效率与功耗.不同于现有研究主要基于牛顿流体开展,本文针对不同黏度的非牛顿流体,建立蒸发器三维计算流体动力学模型,系统研究了蒸发器内的流场分布特性和成膜机理.结果表明:低黏非牛顿流体的流场分布特性和牛顿流体类似,物料可在壁面形成均匀且连续的液膜;随着黏度的增加,液膜的均匀性和连续性逐渐变差.通过对流场分布与传输形式的研究,结合液膜分布、速度分布、剪应变率分布,以及黏度分布进行对比分析发现,蒸发器内部结构与运行状态形成的剪切场与黏度分布是蒸发器良好成膜的关键.此外,提出对刮板前缘进行弯折可辅助高黏流体液膜铺展,并对最佳弯折角度进行探索.本研究为刮膜蒸发器的设计和应用提供了理论指导与依据.     

刮膜蒸发器内非牛顿流体流场特性数值模拟

刮膜蒸发器是通过旋转刮板强制成膜,可实现高黏度非牛顿流体类物料平稳蒸发的新型高效蒸发器.蒸发器内流体的流动、分布与传输机制直接决定了蒸发器的蒸发效率与功耗.不同于现有研究主要基于牛顿流体开展,本文针对不同黏度的非牛顿流体,建立蒸发器三维计算流体动力学模型,系统研究了蒸发器内的流场分布特性和成膜机理.结果表明:低黏非牛顿流体的流场分布特性和牛顿流体类似,物料可在壁面形成均匀且连续的液膜;随着黏度的增加,液膜的均匀性和连续性逐渐变差.通过对流场分布与传输形式的研究,结合液膜分布、速度分布、剪应变率分布,以及黏度分布进行对比分析发现,蒸发器内部结构与运行状态形成的剪切场与黏度分布是蒸发器良好成膜的关键.此外,提出对刮板前缘进行弯折可辅助高黏流体液膜铺展,并对最佳弯折角度进行探索.本研究为刮膜蒸发器的设计和应用提供了理论指导与依据.     

Spontaneous pattern formation in a polariton condensate

Exciton-polariton condensation can be regarded as a self-organization phenomenon, where phase ordering is established among particles in the system. In such condensed systems, further ordering can occur in the particle density distribution, under particular experimental conditions. In this work we report on spontaneous pattern formation in a polariton condensate under nonresonant optical pumping. The slightly elliptical ring-shaped excitation laser that we employ forces condensation to occur into a single-energy state with periodic boundary conditions, giving rise to a multilobe standing-wave patterned state.     

Measurement of the thickness profile of a transparent thin film deposited upon a pattern structure with an acousto-optic tunablefilter

A simultaneous volumetric thickness-profile measurement method based on an acousto-optic tunable filter for transparent film deposited upon pattern structures is described. The nondestructive thickness profilometer prevents the destruction of samples such as one encounters in using a scanning-electron microscope and provides good accuracy. The information on the volumetric thickness profile is obtained through least-squares fitting with a phase model, ?(model)(k)=2kh+? (k, d)+(offset) , which has three unknowns: surface profile h, thickness d, and an indeterminate initial phase offset. Accurate phase information in the spectral domain can be obtained by introduction of the concept of spectral carrier frequency. Experimental results for a metal patterned sample show that the volumetric thickness profile can be determined within an error range of ~10 nm .     

Plasmonic interactions between a perforated gold film and a thin gold film

Based on the finite difference time domain method,we investigated theoretically the optical properties and the plasmonic interactions between a gold film perforated with periodic sub-wavelength holes and a thin gold film.We showed that the plasmon resonant energies and intensities depend strongly on the thicknesses of the two films and the lattice constant.Based on the distributions of normal electric field component E z,tangential electric field component E y and total energy,we showed that the optical transmission is due to the collaboration of the localized waveguide resonance,the surface plasmon resonance and the coupling of the flat-surface plasmon of the two layers.     

Meniscus instability in a thin elastic film

A new kind of meniscus instability leading to the formation of stationary fingers with a well-defined spacing has been observed in experiments with elastomeric films confined between a plane rigid glass and a thin curved glass plate. The wavelength of the instability increases linearly with the thickness of the confined film, but it is remarkably insensitive to the compliance and the energetics of the system. However, lateral amplitude (length) of the fingers depends on the compliance of the system and on the radius of curvature of the glass plate. A simple linear stability analysis is used to explain the underlying physics and the key observed features of the instability.     

受曲面约束弹性细杆的平衡问题

作为DNA等一类生物大分子的力学模型，弹性细杆的非线性力学再次受到关注，形成一个力学与分子生物学的交叉学科.除了不受外界约束的自由弹性细杆外，受曲面约束的弹性细杆静力学具有重要的应用背景.在分析约束、约束方程和约束力的基础上建立了受曲面约束的圆截面弹性细杆的平衡微分方程，即曲面上的Kirchhoff方程，它是以截面主矢和截面姿态坐标以及中心线的Descartes坐标为变量的微分/代数方程.作为应用，讨论了约束是圆柱面的情形.此时平衡的无量纲方程仅含的物理参数是截面对形心的抗扭刚度和对主轴的抗弯刚度的比值，与几何参数无关.由此导出方程的螺旋杆特解.数值计算表明，对弹性细杆中心线的几何形状有显著影响的是截面主矢和姿态坐标及其导数的起始值，而不是物理参数. 关键词： 弹性细杆 DNA超螺旋 曲面约束 螺旋杆     

Adhesion of a punch to a thin membrane

The measurement of adhesion involves not only surface properties, but also the mechanical properties of the substrates in contact, in particular energy dissipation near the fracture front. A method to help elucidate the contribution of this dissipation may be to study the adhesion of thin films. We consider the situation where a spherical punch adheres to a thin membrane, thus leading to deformation of the latter. Equations for estimating the energy of adhesion are developed. The analysis leads to a criterion for the adhesion to be stable whilst separating (quasi-statically) punch and membrane.     

Influence of film morphology on thin film ferromagnetism

Cobalt, nickel and their alloy, Co₁Ni₉, films were epitaxially grown on Cu(100) under different growth conditions and subsequent treatments and studied using surface magneto-optic Kerr effect (SMOKE) in an attempt to understand the effects of film morphology on the magnetic properties. CO contamination can significantly reduce the magnetization and Curie temperature. Thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) shows that CO desorbs at 422 K from Ni and 410 K from Co₁Ni₉ at a heating rate of 6 K per minute. Annealing the films below 450 K produces smooth and clean films with stable magnetic behavior. However, annealing at higher temperatures results in Cu segregation and island formation leading to the finite-size ferromagnetic or even superparamagnetic behavior.     

Spontaneous transformations of the magnetic structure of a film nanocontact

The magnetization distributions in a symmetric magnetic film nanocontact for oppositely magnetized ferromagnetic electrodes are analyzed based on numerically solving the Landau-Lifshitz and magnetostatic equations as a function of magnetic and geometrical factors. It is found that a symmetric magnetic configuration is unstable when the head-to-head domain wall dividing the regions with opposite orientations of magnetization is located at the center of the nanocontact. The instability arises when the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constant reaches a certain critical value K _c below which it spontaneously leaves the center of the nanocontact. The transition from the symmetric state (wall at the center) to an asymmetric one can be continuous (second order) or discrete (first order), depending on the geometrical and physical parameters of the nanocontact (length to width ratio, anisotropy constant, and saturation magnetization). The phase diagram is constructed in terms of the variable’s nanocontact length vs. anisotropy constant. This diagram divides the symmetric and asymmetric magnetic configurations of the system. The occurrence of a tricritical point in the phase diagram is its characteristic feature.