液相色谱法体外筛选减肥药物中的对氨基脲敏感的胺氧化酶抑制剂

低毒性对氨基脲敏感的胺氧化酶(SSAO)抑制剂研究是生物学领域的热点,减肥药的主要药理作用为抑制食欲、影响营养物吸收或增加能量消耗,但迄今为止,研究均没有涉及到减肥药是否可以抑制SSAO活性。本文采用液相色谱法体外筛选了11种减肥药物,发现咖啡因、盐酸氟西汀和盐酸芬氟拉明具有一定抑制效果,其中咖啡因的抑制效果最明显,有望作为一种新的SSAO抑制剂应用到相关科研和疾病治疗中。     

秋水仙碱的氨(胺)解反应及其衍生物体外抗癌活性研究

秋水仙碱(Colchicine,1)用于治疗痛风乳腺癌、皮肤癌、白血病、何杰金氏病等[1,2],但其毒性过大限制了它的应用[3].因此,对1结构修饰寻求高效低毒的衍生物引起了人们的兴趣.构效研究表明:秋水仙碱的C-10位的取代基对其活性、毒性影响较大,C-10位被氨解或甲胺解后,活性提高,而毒性降低 [4～6].     

对氨基脲敏感的胺氧化酶生物功能化色谱的方法学研究

采用毛细管电泳法建立了对氨基脲敏感的胺氧化酶(SSAO)生物功能化色谱模型.将SSAO酶固载到一种仿细胞膜的载体--脂质体上,pH值对固定化酶稳定性影响的实验表明,pH 5.0是理想的固载条件;SSAO酶活性检测表明游离态和固定态的酶活性分别为0.0404和0.0347 mmol g-1 min-1.将有活性的固定化SSAO酶作为假固定相添加到磷酸盐缓冲液中(10 mmol/L, pH 5).随着固定化酶的浓度从0.004 g/L上升到0.856 g/L,其特异性底物苯甲胺的有效淌度从4.06×10-4 cm2/(V · s)下降到0.81×10 -4 cm2/(V · s).据此,建立的生物功能化色谱模型为研究生物分子间的特异性作用提供了新的技术方法.     

可多重N-羟甲基化的Mannich反应机理研究

用MNDO法全优化了20多个Mannich反应中间体-N-羟甲基胺和亚甲胺碳正离子的平衡几何构型, 计算了它们的电子结构。根据N-羟甲基胺脱水反应的能量变化(△E)、亚甲胺碳正离子的净电荷(Q~C~+)和几何构型, 分类讨论比较了N-羟甲胺脱水的难易、亚甲胺碳正离子的稳定性以及对反应历程的影响。以脲素、甲醛和硝仿之间的mannich反应为例, 建议在可多重N-羟甲基化情形下Mannich反应的机理。此外还对硝基脲的N-羟甲基胺及其亚甲胺碳正离子进行了计算研究。     

Mo/ZrO2催化剂上甲烷选择氧化制甲醛

 制备了一系列甲烷选择氧化制甲醛的Mo／ZrO2催化剂．采用催化剂性能评价、BET比表面积测定、XRD、共焦显微激光拉曼光谱、H2－TPR和XPS等方法研究比较了不同Mo担载量催化剂的性能及其结构和性质．实验结果表明：Mo／ZrO2催化剂具有催化选择氧化甲烷制甲醛的性能，且对甲醛有较高的选择性．在所考察的范围内，随着催化剂Mo担载量的增加，甲烷的转化率增加，甲醛的选择性增加，甲醛的比活性增加．随着反应温度的升高，甲烷的转化率增加，甲醛的选择性降低，甲醛比活性升高．Mo／ZrO2催化剂中主要含有ZrO2和Zr（MoO4）2．催化剂的性能和性质与催化剂中Zr（MoO4）2的性质密切相关．随着Mo担载量的增加，Zr（MoO4）2晶粒尺寸增大，并且其含量增加；ZrO2晶粒尺寸基本不变．Zr（MoO4）2晶粒尺寸增大和含量增加导致催化剂的比表面积降低，使甲烷选择氧化生成甲醛的钼氧物种增多，催化剂的还原温度升高和表面Mo的配位不饱和程度降低．从而使得Mo含量较高的催化剂（12％Mo／ZrO2）具有较高的甲烷选择氧化生成甲醛的活性．     

单滴微萃取气相色谱质谱联用测定水发食品中的甲醛

近年来,一些不法商贩和生产厂家为追求产品的感官性状和延长保鲜时间,在食品中添加国家严令禁止使用的化工原料~([1]),甲醛即是其中一种.甲醛有极强的细胞毒性,影响人体代谢机能,具有致癌性,已被世界卫生组织确定为"三致"毒物,是食品安全研究的热点之一~([2]).目前,甲醛的检测方法主要有分光光度法、色谱法、电化学法、化学滴定法等.气相色谱法操作简便,测定线性范围宽,分离度好,干扰小.但是,由于甲醛分子太小,直接进行GC分析时,出峰太快,因此食品中甲醛的测定一般先将甲醛衍生再用GC/MS进行测定.     

有机小分子荧光探针对甲醛的识别及其应用

甲醛不仅用作工业化学品,也是调节人体生理活动的必要代谢产物。但是,人体从外环境过量的摄入甲醛或者内环境甲醛代谢的不平衡,会造成器官癌变和老年痴呆等重大疾病。有机小分子荧光探针以其高灵敏度、高选择性、可视化和原位检测等特点,使其在生物体内外甲醛检测和生物成像领域具有应用优势,同时也为实际产品中甲醛的痕量检测提供一种新方法。近五年来,甲醛荧光探针得到了快速的发展。本文主要从甲醛荧光探针的反应类型、生物体中甲醛的荧光成像以及在实际样品(商品)检测应用三个方面,介绍有机小分子荧光探针对甲醛的识别和应用。最后总结指出,不同类型的有机小分子荧光探针在不断开发、结构优化和光学性能提升及满足辅助生物医学方向长期性研究的同时,也能拓展应用范围,达到短期内对实际产品中甲醛快速(原位)检测的目的。     

多氯联苯的羟基化代谢产物及其内分泌干扰机制

羟基多氯联苯是典型持久性有机污染物(POPs)--多氯联苯在生物体内的主要活性代谢产物,已在许多野生动物和人体内被检出.由于其化学结构与天然雌激素、甲状腺激素十分类似,因此羟基多氯联苯的内分泌干扰效应近年来已开始受到国际上的高度关注.本文对多氯联苯的代谢途径、羟基多氯联苯在生物体内的浓度水平、内分泌干扰及其多种毒性作用机制进行了综述.有关对多氯联苯的活性代谢产物--羟基多氯联苯的深入研究,将有助于进一步揭示多氯联苯的毒性机制,为我国早日建立有效的POPs污染危害评价与早期预警系统提供科学依据.     

固相转晶合成含硼CF-2沸石过程中甲胺分子的状态变化

以¹³C MAS NMR与TG-DTG为主要手段,研究了多孔玻璃粉于蒸汽相中转变为含硼CF-2沸石过程中模板剂甲胺分子的状态变化.结果表明甲胺分子经历了三种状态变化:在反应初期,甲胺分子与多孔玻璃表面羟基形成弱相互作用;随着反应进行,一部分弱相互作用的甲胺分子转变为强相互作用的甲胺分子;强相互作用的甲胺分子与硅羟基、铝羟基、硼羟基共同形成CF-2沸石晶核,晶核长大成晶体,甲胺分子进入沸石孔道内,此时存在与多孔玻璃粉表面羟基弱相互作用、强相互作用以及处于沸石孔道内的三种甲胺分子.随着结晶度进一步升高,多孔玻璃表面弱相互作用与强相互作用的甲胺分子依次逐渐消失,最终全部进入CF-2沸石孔道内.孔道内有自由状态和质子化的甲胺分子.SEM照片从形貌上直观地表征了多孔玻璃向CF-2沸石的转变过程.     

含水杨酸的缩聚物对P-硝基苯酚乙酸酯水解反应的催化作用(Ⅰ)

通过Mannich反应,由水杨酸、甲醛和甲胺合成了一种在主链上含有水杨酸基和叔胺基的新型聚电解质SFMA。用SFMA作为聚合物催化剂催化P-硝基苯酚乙酸酯(PNPA)的水解反应。动力学研究结果表明,在较高的pH值下,SFMA比水杨酸及其与甲醛的缩聚物具有较高的加速作用。缩聚物主链上的胺基能与水杨酸基的羟基发生协同作用。对缩聚物的组成及其在水溶液中的构象对催化活性的影响也进行了研究。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。