EDTA络合滴定法快速测定矿石中钙、镁

试样用盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸分解,在pH值为6～9时,经六次甲基四胺-铜试剂分离铁、铝、镍、钴、铅、锌、铜、镉、锰等干扰元素后,在pH=10的氨水和氯化铵缓冲溶液中,以酸性铬蓝K-萘酚绿B为指示剂,用EDTA络合滴定法测定钙镁合量;另在氢氧化钾溶液中,用钙试剂为指示剂,以EDTA络合滴定法测定钙量,从而计算镁的含量。当样品钙高镁低或者镁高钙低时,低含量的镁量或钙量(<5%)可用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法准确测定,使结果更准确。实验中对三个标准样品中的钙和镁进行多次测定,结果与认定值相符,相对标准偏差在0.69%～1.3%(n=7),加标回收率在99%～102%。方法实用性强,已经成功应用于各类矿石中钙镁的检测。     

EDTA络合滴定法快速测定矿石中钙、镁

试样用盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸分解,在pH值为6～9时,经六次甲基四胺-铜试剂分离铁、铝、镍、钴、铅、锌、铜、镉、锰等干扰元素后,在pH=10的氨水和氯化铵缓冲溶液中,以酸性铬蓝K-萘酚绿B为指示剂,用EDTA络合滴定法测定钙镁合量;另在氢氧化钾溶液中,用钙试剂为指示剂,以EDTA络合滴定法测定钙量,从而计算镁的含量。当样品钙高镁低或者镁高钙低时,低含量的镁量或钙量(<5%)可用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法准确测定,使结果更准确。实验中对三个标准样品中的钙和镁进行多次测定,结果与认定值相符,相对标准偏差在0.69%～1.3%(n=7),加标回收率在99%～102%。方法实用性强,已经成功应用于各类矿石中钙镁的检测。     

钙镁合金中钙镁的连续测定法

用EDTA连续滴定法测定钙镁合金中钙镁含量,试验证明,只要加入保护剂,选择合适的指示剂及合适的滴定条件,既使在有大量镁(钙)存在下,也可准确测得钙(镁)的含量。方法原理是取一份样液,调pH≥12,用EDTA标液滴定钙,另取一份样液调pH=10,用EDTA标液滴定钙、镁合量,从而求得钙、镁含量。     

锂对EDTA滴定镁和钙的影响

卤水和盐中常量镁和钙的测定，通常采用EDTA络合滴定法，作者在锂镁分离试验工作中发现，锂对镁和钙的测定有较大影响，锂对镁的干扰已有报道，但其消除方法适用范围较窄；锂对钙的干扰尚未见报道。因此，作者进行了一系列探讨，在更宽的锂镁质量比范围内消除锂对镁的干扰，找到     

自动电位滴定法同时测定脱硫浆液中钙和钙镁总量

采用自动电位滴定法,在pH 10的氨-氯化铵缓冲溶液中,用EDTA标准溶液作为滴定剂,同时测定脱硫浆液中钙和钙镁总量。方法用于测定脱硫浆液中钙和镁的含量,镁的回收率在98.2%～100.4%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)为0.48%～0.64%;钙的回收率在97.6%～100.7%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)为0.54%～0.99%。     

几种常见饮料中钙、镁、铁含量的测定——基础化学综合实验设计效果分析的探究

基础化学实验糅合了综合化学实验,对效果进行分析,找出了适用分光光度法和适用EDTA配合滴定法直接测定不同饮料中微量钙、镁、铁含量的试验数据。     

多元线性回归同时测定钙镁的研究及应用

用多元线性回归电位滴定法，同时测定两种金属离子的混合溶液并加以应用，讨论了测定原理和实验方法，选择了最佳条件，将其应用于自来水和石灰石中钙镁的测定，结果可达到化学分析准确度的要求。对批量样品的分析具有省时省力的特点，是很有应用前景的方法。     

离子选择电极在教学中的应用——钙镁的连续电位滴定

EDTA配位滴定法测定钙镁含量是配位滴定实验教学中的重要内容。为了开拓学生知识面,培养学生的研究和动手能力,我们设计了用钙电极作指示电极,在氨性缓冲溶液中,以EGTA和DCTA为络合剂,在一份试液中连续电位滴定法测定钙镁的实验。通过本实验我们体会有下列优点:相应改善了目前定量分析教学中有关电位滴定实验较少的状况;本实验仪器简单、操作方便,但又包括了容量分析实验的基本操作内容,综合练习多;将本法用于硅酸盐的矿物测定,结果重现性好,准确度较高,有一定的实用性。     

EDTA滴定法测定稀土镁硅铁中氧化镁

本文用EDTA络合滴定法测定稀土镁硅铁中氧化镁含量。试样经重铬酸钾溶解、浸取、分离，在pH10时，以铬黑T为指示剂，EDTA标准溶液定量对钙、镁合量铬合滴定。在pH≥12时，以钙试剂为指示剂，EDTA标液定量滴定钙量，同时做空白试剂试验，用差减法计算氧化镁量。方法特点，不必挥铬，EDTA滴定，终点明确，结果的精密度好，相对标准偏差在1．52％以内，     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定红外干扰烟幕材料中的镁、铝、铜

某红外干扰烟幕材料中镁、铝、铜元素的含量直接影响其干扰性能。化学滴定法是测定金属元素含量的传统方法,但这种方法过程繁琐、冗长,只能依次测定,且在铝和铜同时存在下无法对镁元素定量分析。建立了一种采用浓硝酸消解样品,对消解液过滤、稀释后直接用电感耦合等离子发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定某红外干扰烟幕材料中镁、铝、铜元素含量的方法。当Mg、Al、Cu的分析线选择279.5、167.0和324.7nm时,其检测限分别达到0.013、0.040和0.025μg/mL,且样品测定的加标回收率均在102%～105%,相对标准偏差在1.0%～3.0%(n=8),表明方法的准确度和精密度均良好。还对方法的总标准偏差进行了溯源,并与络合滴定法结果进行了比较。显著性检验表明两种方法的结果无显著性差异,但ICP-OES法更简便、快速,并能对三种元素同时测定,因此可完全替代传统的化学滴定法。     

Grafting of poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) onto gold surface from NaNO<Subscript>3</Subscript> solution

The chemical grafting of thiol terminated poly(sodium styrenesulfonate)(HS-PSSS) chains from sodium nitrate (NaNO_3) salt solution to a gold surface was investigated with a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) in different salt concentrations.It was found that at low salt concentration grafting density of HS-PSSS was low and the grafted chains adopted a mushroom conformation.With the increase of salt concentration polyelectrolyte chains underwent a transition toward coiled stat...     

A diffusive anomaly of water in aqueous sodium chloride solutions at low temperatures

Molecular dynamics simulations are presented for the self-diffusion coefficient of water in aqueous sodium chloride solutions. At temperatures above the freezing point of pure water, the self-diffusion coefficient is a monotonically decreasing function of salt concentration. Below the freezing point of pure water, however, the self-diffusion coefficient is a non-monotonic function of salt concentration, showing a maximum at approximately one molal salt. This suggests that sodium chloride, which is considered a structure-making salt at room temperature, becomes a structure-breaking salt at low temperatures. A qualitative understanding of this effect can be obtained by considering the effect of ions on the residence time of water molecules near other water molecules. A consideration of the freezing point depression of aqueous sodium chloride solutions suggests that the self-diffusion coefficient of water in supercooled sodium chloride solutions is always higher than that in pure (supercooled) water at the same temperature.     

Quantitative sodium magnetic resonance imaging in food: Addressing sensitivity issues using single quantum chemical shift imaging at high field

According to various health organizations, the global consumption of salt is higher than recommended and needs to be reduced. Ideally, this would be achieved without losing the taste of the salt itself. In order to accomplish this goal, both at the industrial and domestic levels, we need to understand the mechanisms that govern the final distribution of salt in food. The in-silico solutions in use today greatly over-simplify the real food structure. Measuring the quantity of sodium at the local level is key to understanding sodium distribution. Sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a non-destructive approach, is the ideal choice for salt mapping along transformational process. However, the low sensitivity of the sodium nucleus and its short relaxation times make this imaging difficult. In this paper, we show how sodium MRI can be used to highlight salt heterogeneities in food products, provided that the temporal decay is modeled, thus correcting for differences in relaxation speeds. We then propose an abacus which shows the relationship between the signal-to-noise ratio of the sodium MRI, the salt concentration, the B0 field, and the spatial and temporal resolutions. This abacus simplifies making the right choices when implementing sodium MRI.     

新型聚醚聚氨酯/硬段模型化合物/高氯酸钠复合物的制备和表征

以聚醚聚氨酯和硬段模型化合物为聚合物基体,高氯酸钠为掺杂盐,合成了一系列新型的聚氨酯／硬段模型化合物／高氯酸钠复合物,利用FR－IR,DSC,AFM和复阻抗谱等表征手段对其形态和性能进行了基团和羰基都可与钠离子进行络合,温度变化可以导致不同程度的络合,在低盐浓度下,复合物的Tk随盐浓度的增加逐渐上升,而在一定的浓度之上,玻璃化转变温度又明显下降;通过调整盐的含量可以得到不同的表面形态。随着温度的升高,该体系的离子电导率显著增加。     

一场科学的辩论赛——谣言有罪盐无罪

Amid five tastes, only salt is indispensable. As a kind of essential nutrition, salt plays a vital role in our daily life. Although the salt is in small particle size, yet it received a lot of rumors. In recent years, rumors on salt have sprung like mushrooms including sea salt, iodized salt, low sodium salt, additive in salt and so on. To stop the rumors from spreading and to clarify that the salt is innocent, a debate competition was applied to tell the truth:rumors are guilty rather than salt!     

Concentration-dependent aggregation patterns of conjugated bile salts in aqueous sodium chloride solutions

Based on light scattering intensity measurements, a critical concentration for micelle formation can be assigned to sodium taurodeoxycholate in aqueous electrolyte solutions. For sodium taurocholate a progressive aggregation even at very low concentrations of bile salt is indicated. Surface tension and diffusion coefficients are also reported.     

Dissipative crystallization of sodium salts of carboxymethyl cellulose

Drying dissipative patterns were observed at room temperature on a cover glass, a watch glass, and a Petri glass dish during the course of dryness of aqueous solution of sodium salts of carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) having different molecular weights in the presence of sodium chloride and in their absence. Without salt, the polymers were slightly hygroscopic and did not dry up completely on the substrates. Single crystals of the NaCMC without salt were short rodlike and quite similar to those of the other polysaccharides studied hitherto, i.e., hydroxypropyl cellulose and sodium dextran sulfate. Morphology of the polymer crystals were short rods, long dendritic rods, and/or hedrite assemblies depending on location in the dried film and in the presence of sodium chloride. Spoke-like orientation of the long dendritic rods appeared on a cover glass and a watch glass especially for NaCMC of low molecular weights.     

Effect of borax additives on the rheological properties of sodium hyaluronate aqueous solutions

The rheological properties of sodium hyaluronate aqueous solutions are studied, and the effect of borax additives on them is investigated. It is shown that, at low concentrations, sodium hyaluronate behaves as a typical linear polyelectrolyte in the limit of a high concentration of the salt in both a 0.1 M NaCl aqueous solution and a salt-free solvent. The addition of 1 mole of borax per base-mole of the polymer to the solution of sodium hyaluronate significantly decreases the specific viscosity of the solution if no salt is added and has practically no effect on the viscosity of the solution in 0.1 M NaCl. The viscosity of a semidilute solution of sodium hyaluronate without the added salt decreases as the shear rate is increased in the range 1.5–656 s^?1. With an increase in temperature, viscosity decreases and its dependence on shear rate becomes less pronounced. The same effect is exerted by small amounts of borax. The properties of salt-free solutions are explained by the presence of admixtures of low-molecular-mass ions in them that screen the Coulomb repulsion of charges linked to sodium hyaluronate chains, and the effect of borax may be rationalized by the screening effect of ions resulting from the hydrolysis of borax.     

Effect of adding anionic surfactant on the stability of Pickering emulsions

We investigated the structure and stability of dodecane-in-water emulsions stabilised by partially hydrophobised silica particles after dilution of the emulsions in solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium chloride. The emulsions were stable to coalescence on dilution in salt solutions, but did cream over time. The rate and extent of creaming gradually decreased as the salt concentration in the diluted emulsion increased. Dilution in low concentrations of the anionic surfactant did not affect the emulsion stability to coalescence or alter the creaming behaviour of the emulsion. At surfactant concentrations above the critical micelle concentration, however, the rate and extent of creaming and flocculation of the drops were enhanced.     

Surface chemistry and rheology of polysulfobetaine-coated silica

We have measured the viscosity of suspensions of colloidal silica particles (d = 300 nm) and the properties of silica surfaces in solutions of a polymer consisting of zwitterionic monomer groups, poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate), polySBMA. This polymer has potential use in modifying surface properties because the polymer is net uncharged and therefore does not generate double-layer forces. The solubility of the polymer can be controlled and varies from poor to good by the addition of sodium chloride salt. Ellipsometry was used to demonstrate that polySBMA adsorbs to silica and exhibits an increase in surface excess at lower salt concentration, which is consistent with a smaller area per molecule at low salt concentration. Neutron reflectivity measurements show that the adsorbed polymer has a thickness of about 3.7 nm and is highly hydrated. The polymer can be used to exercise considerable control over suspension rheology. When silica particles are not completely covered in polymer, the suspension produces a highly viscous gel. Atomic force microscopy was used to show this is caused by bridging of polymer between the particles. At higher surface coverage, the polymer can produce either a high or very low viscosity slurry depending on the sodium chloride concentration. At high salt concentration, the suspension is stable, and the viscosity is lower. This is probably because the entrainment of many small ions renders the polymer film highly hydrophilic, producing repulsive surface forces and lubricating the flow of particles. At low salt concentrations, the polymer is barely soluble and more densely adsorbed. This produces less stable and more viscous solutions, which we attribute to attractive interactions between the adsorbed polymer layers.