染毒粮食中7种化学战剂的气相色谱分析方法

为了研究染毒粮食（大米、面粉）中７种化学战剂的检测方法,建立了相应的气相色谱分析方法。该法采用火焰光度检测器检测,ＢＰ－１０毛细管色谱柱分离,二氯甲烷萃取。模拟染毒大米、面粉中化学战剂测定相对误差为２．０％～１２．０％、８．１０％～２７．３％。相对标准偏差分别为０．９％～６．１０％、３．９５％～１６．８％。方法的最低检出浓度为０．０１～２μｇ／ｇ。所建方法操作简便,灵敏度高。     

电化学方法在冠醚萃取Eu^3＋后反萃取中的应用

在苦味酸盐体系中，用苯并１５－冠－５的二氯甲烷溶液可富集萃取Ｅｕ＾３＋；若用０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＨＮＯ３溶液反萃取，在反萃取相中仍含有苦味酸根和冠醚；而用隔膜电学反萃取法能有效地将Ｅｕ＾３＋与冠醚和苦味酸根分离，其分离效率达８４．８％。     

环境和生物样品中多来宝残留量的气相色谱分析方法研究

 湿性样品中的多来宝残留物用丙酮（水样和干样用石油醚）提取，提取液经石油醚再萃取、浓缩后，用被石油醚饱和的乙腈分配，过硅胶氧化铝混合柱净化，室温下与（ＣＨ３）３ＳｉＩ衍生化反应，生成３－苯氧基苄基碘，用ＧＣ检测。当添加浓度为０．０５，０．１０，１．００μｇ／ｇ时，样品的平均回收率为８０．７％～１１０．０％，方法最小检出量为０．０１ｎｇ，样品最小检出浓度是：水０．００１ｍｇ／Ｌ，稻米和土壤０．０１μｇ／ｇ，稻草、谷壳、水浮莲和罗非鱼为０．００８μｇ／ｇ。     

环境和生物样品中多来宝残留量的气相色谱分析方法研究

湿性样品中的多来宝残留物用丙酮（水样和干样用石油醚）提取，提取液经石油醚再萃取、浓缩后，用被石油醚饱和的乙腈分配，过硅胶氧化铝混合柱净化，室温下与（ＣＨ３）３ＳｉＩ衍生化反应，生成３－苯氧基苄基碘，用ＧＣ检测。当添加浓度为０．０５，０．１０，１．００μｇ／ｇ时，样品的平均回收率为８０．７％～１１０．０％，方法最小检出量为０．０１ｎｇ，样品最小检出浓度是：水０．００１ｍｇ／Ｌ，稻米和土壤０．０１μｇ／ｇ，稻草、谷壳、水浮莲和罗非鱼为０．００８μｇ／ｇ。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定土壤中莠去津,氰草津残留量方法研究

提出了用高效液相色谱法同时测定土壤中莠去津、氰草津残留量的方法。用甲醇／乙腈提取，石油醚脱脂，中性氧化铝小柱净化，最后用Ｎｏｖａ－ＰａｋＣ１６柱进行ＨＰＬＣ分析，流动相：甲醇－水（５５＋４５），吸收波长 ２２８ ｎｍ，流速０． ７ ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ．莠去津最低检出限为 ０．３ ｎｇ，氰草津为０．２ ｎｇ。回收率分别为莠去津８３．４％～１０２．３％，氰草津 ８２．４％～９３．５％．     

微生物电极法测定啤酒中乙醇含量

用自制的乙醇微生物电极建立了一种测定啤酒中乙醇含量的新方法。该法具有良好的精密度和准确度，其测定结果与比重瓶法和气相色谱法相一致，回收率为９７．３％－１０４．９％。该电极线性范围为０．３－１２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，６０天测定６００余次，其灵敏度基本稳定。测试的最适酸度范围为ｐＨ６．４－７．３，温度为３２－３４℃，测定一个样品需５－８ｍｉｎ。     

饮料食品中Ge－132和Ge~（4＋）含量测定研究

本文报告了在０．０１ｍｏｌ／ＬＣＴＡＢ体系中，以Ｆ－为掩蔽剂、苯芴酮显色、用分光光度法测定饮料食品中Ｇｅ－１３２含量，最低检测限０．０５４μｇ／ｍＬ；线性范围０．５４～２７．１４μｇ／ｍＬ；回收率９６．３％～１０１．５％，并确定了Ｇｅ－１３２摩尔吸收系数（ε）３．３９×１０４。用本法测定了康寿茶、矿泉水和博士奶中Ｇｅ－１３２含量，灵敏度高、重现性和准确度好。用盐酸化本体系，研究了二氧化锗（Ｇｅ~（４＋））的含量测定，其最低检测限０．０２１μｇ／ｍＬ；线性范围１．０～２１．０μｇ／ｍｌ；回收率９５．８％～１０２．８％，Ｇｅ－１３２不干扰。饮料食品中同时存在Ｇｅ－１３２和Ｇｅ（４＋）时，本体系可分别测定两者含量。     

测定玻璃体和房水中维拉帕米含量的高效液相色谱法

研究了用ＨＰＬＣ 测定兔眼玻璃体和房水中维拉帕米含量的方法。用丙咪嗪为内标， 采用Ｓｐｈｅｒｉｃａｌ Ｃ１８色谱柱分离， 以甲醇－ ０ ．０４ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ 醋酸铵－ 乙腈－ 二乙胺（ 体积比１ ∶１ ∶０ ．５ ∶０ ．０２） 为流动相， 检测波长为２７８ｎｍ 。样品用正己烷－ 异丁醇提取后进样， 分析速度快。 样品及内标的保留时间分别为４ ．６３ ｍｉｎ 及９ ．２３ ｍｉｎ ； 线性范围为２ ．５ ～１００ ｍｇ／Ｌ， 相关系数ｒ 为０ ．９９９ ７ 。方法的回收率为１００ ．３ ％ （ ｎ ＝ ５） ，ＲＳＤ 为３ ．６３％ ， 日内ＲＳＤ 为０ ．５ ％ ～３ ．６１ ％ ， 日间ＲＳＤ 为３ ．７５ ％ ～４ ．８０ ％ ， 最低检测质量浓度为０．２５ ｍｇ／ Ｌ。 应用该法测定了创伤家兔玻璃体和房水中维拉帕米浓度的变化。     

气相色谱/质谱法测定大鼠脑中5-羟色胺的含量

采用气相色谱／质谱法（ＧＣ／ＭＳ）测定了正常大鼠和服药大鼠脑组织中５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）的浓度。大鼠脑组织制成匀浆后,先将５－ＨＴ酰化,酰化物经乙酸乙酯提取后,再经七氟丁酸酐衍生化,用ＧＣ／ＭＳ测定。ＭＳ采用电子捕获负离子化学电离（ＥＣＮＩＣＩ）模式。方法的线性范围为０．５０～５０．０μｇ／Ｌ,回归方程为Ｙ＝０．１３４８Ｘ－０．０７９９５（ｒ＝０．９９９６）;平均回收率为９８．２％±３．８％（ｎ＝１０）;检测限为０．５μｇ／Ｌ;相对标准偏差小于１０％。     

用气相色谱法测定粮谷和油籽中氯苯胺灵残留量

确立了粮谷和油籽中氯苯胺灵残留量的气相色谱测定方法，试样采用甲醇提取，经与正己烷液液分配，再以弗罗里硅土柱净化，毛细管柱气相色谱－氮磷检测器测定。方法简便、准确、检出限０．０２μｇ／ｇ，添加回收率为８７．５－９２．９％，相对标准偏差为３．５－７．０％。     

气相色谱法测定爱迪注射液中的斑蟊素

 研究了斑蟊素在几种萃取体系中的分配行为,测定了它的分配系数。选定二氯甲烷为萃取剂,在相比为1∶10时,只需一次萃取便可以使斑蟊素定量富集。选用OV-17填充柱、外标法定量。方法的分离效果令人满意,检测限低,结果的准确性和精密度良好。     

Pyrethroid soil extraction,properties of mixed solvents and time profiles using GC/MS-NICI analysis

Ultrasonic extraction was used to develop a suitable binary solvent system for the analysis of synthetic pyrethroid pesticides and mirex on soil. The analysis was carried out by gas chromatography with negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC/MS-NICI). In the initial experiments, accurately weighed soil samples were spiked with a mixture of standard solution pyrethroids and mirex and shaken for 24?h to ensure homogeneity, then extracted with solvent. The extracts were evaporated to dryness before the volumetric internal standard was added.

The binary solvents used in this study were various mixtures of hexane?:?acetone, hexane?:?dichloromethane (DCM), isooctane?:?acetone and isooctane?:?dichloromethane, representing different classes of polarity. The recoveries of all pyrethroids and mirex were satisfactory over three solvent systems: hexane?:?acetone, hexane?:?DCM and isooctane?:?acetone, but results of isooctane?:?DCM produced low recoveries. The average recovery increased with the extraction time, but the increase was not statistically significant. A 30-min optimum extraction was deemed sufficient for recovering pyrethroids from soil. After 30?min, extraction decreased owing to the re-distribution of the analyte on the soil matrix.     

超高效液相色谱法测定甘蔗和土壤中敌草隆残留

建立了一种测定甘蔗和土壤中敌草隆农药残留的超高效液相色谱(UPLC)方法.样品经水和甲醇提取,二氯甲烷液-液分配后,过中性氧化铝柱纯化,用石油醚:乙酸乙酯的混合液(体积比85:15)淋洗和洗脱,洗脱液经减压浓缩后用5 mL乙腈定容.采用UPLC分离,紫外检测器检测,外标法定量.敌草隆在0.02～5.0 mg/L范围线性...     

Determination of pesticides in soil samples by supercritical fluid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometric detection

This paper presents an analytical technique for the determination of pesticides in soil by packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography interfaced with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (pSFC-APCI-MS). The technique provides a versatile method for the detection and quantification of pesticides belonging to three different commonly used classes, triazines (ametryne, atrazine), carbamates (carbofuran) and sulfonylureas (chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron methyl and benzsulfuron methyl). The APCI mass spectra for all the pesticides studied consisted of protonated molecule ions as the most abundant ion at low cone voltages, except for metsulfuron methyl and benzsulfuron methyl, which gave a fragment ion as the most abundant ion with the protonated molecule ion at low intensity. Increasing the cone voltage provided informative fragmentation patterns for all species. The technique shows good linearity over the concentration range of 0.1-50 micrograms ml-1, with r2 values as follows: atrazine 0.997, ametryne 0.995, carbofuran 0.999, benzsulfuron methyl 0.999, chlorsulfuron 0.995 and metsulfuron methyl 0.997. The detection limits in the selected ion mode were atrazine 201, ametryne 144 and carbofuran 385 pg, which were calculated by using the standard solution, and benzsulfuron methyl 2.045, chlorsulfuron 1.435 and metsulfuron methyl 2.414 ng, which were determined by using spiked soil samples. The pSFC-MS system was shown to have a high degree of reproducibility. The technique was then applied to the determination of the above pesticides in soil samples. The results obtained show that there is no matrix effect from the soil and that the detection limits for all pesticides in soil were similar to those found for the standard solutions.     

A Method for Quantifying Azoxystrobin Residues in Grapes and Soil Using GC with Electron Capture Detection

A relatively simple method for the determination of azoxystrobin residues in grapes and soil using gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) is described. Samples were extracted with acetone, and further partitioned with dichloromethane and petroleum ether. The extracts were then cleaned up in a glass clean-up column filled with active charcoal and silica gel, and eluted with dichloromethane/ethyl acetate (70:30, v/v). The eluate was collected and concentrated for GC-ECD analysis. The results showed good linearity (r ² = 0.9998) over the concentration range of 6.25–400 ng mL^?1. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of azoxystrobin were 3 and 10 ng mL^?1. Recovery from soil and grape samples was in the range of 83.52–107.36 and 82.21–107.31%, with corresponding relative standard deviations (RSD) of 5.21–9.11 and 4.53–5.90% for the three fortified levels. Inter- and intra-day RSDs were in the range of 0.87–6.76 and 2.01–5.46%. The accuracy and sensitivity of the GC-ECD method was independently confirmed by LC and GC-MS. It was demonstrated that the proposed method was simple and efficient, and particularly suitable for detecting azoxystrobin residues in grapes and soil.     

Determination of volatile halogenated organic compounds in soils by purge-and-trap capillary gas chromatography with atomic emission detection

Nine volatile halogenated organic compounds (VHOCs), including four trihalomethanes (THMs), were determined in soils by capillary gas chromatography with microwave induced-plasma atomic emission spectrometry (GC-AED), using a purge-and-trap system (PT) for sample preconcentration. Analytes were previously extracted from the soil sample in methanol and the extract was preconcentrated before being chromatographed. Element-specific detection and quantification were carried out monitoring two wavelength emission lines, corresponding to chlorine (479 nm) and bromine (478 nm). Each chromatographic run took 21 min, including the purge step. The method showed a precision of 1.1-7.2% (R.S.D.) depending on the compound. Detection limits ranged from 0.05 to 0.55 ng ml⁻¹, for chloroform and dichloromethane, respectively, corresponding to 3.3 and 36.0 ng g⁻¹ in the soil samples. The chromatographic profiles obtained showed no interference from co-extracted compounds. Low levels of dichloromethane and chloroform ranging from 0.04 to 1.13 μg g⁻¹ were found in samples obtained from small gardens irrigated with tap water. The method is reliable and can be used for routine monitoring in soil samples.     

土壤中痕量酞酸酯的提取与分析方法研究

采用ＣＨ_２Ｃｌ_２超声提取、氧化铝、硅胶双柱净化、高效液相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）测定土壤中的酞酸酯（ＰＥｓ）、标准添加回收率达９３％～１０６％，对超声提取与索氏提取进行了比较，并对实际土壤样品中的ＰＥｓ进行了初步分析。     

Determination of trace amounts of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil

Summary A method is described for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in natural soil. The soil is dried and extracted by ultrasonic agitation with dichloromethane. The extract is purified by liquid-liquid partitioning with dimethylformamide, water and hexane followed by high performance liquid chromatography on a silica column. Quantitative analysis of the purified extract is carried out by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The method yields reliable results at the ng/g level.

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Bestimmung von Spuren polycyclischer aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe in Boden

     

直接萃取-GC/MS法测定卷烟主流烟气中四种芳香胺

采用气相色谱/质谱法直接测定了卷烟主流烟气中的1-氨基萘、 2-氨基萘、 3-氨基联苯和4-氨基联苯等4种芳香胺.该方法直接用CH2Cl2溶剂超声振荡萃取滤片中的芳香胺,超声萃取的同时加入衍生试剂,使萃取和衍生化同步进行,萃取液过硅酸镁柱进行进一步纯化,然后旋转浓缩后进行GC/MS分析.方法的RSD在1.0%～3.7%之间,加标回收率在92.9%～101.1%之间.     

Gas chromatographic behaviour of urea herbicides

Summary Gas chromatographic conditions for determining eight phenylurea (chlortoluron, diuron, fluometuron, isoproturon, linuron, metabenzthiazuron, metobromuron and monuron) and one sulfonylurea (chlorsulfuron) herbicides were assessed. Degradation products of the herbicides formed in the injector were used for identification. Most phenylureas formed their respective carbamic acid methyl esters, metabenzthiazuron formed an aminobenzothiazol and chlorsulfuron formed an aminotriazine plus a phenylsulfonamide. On-column injection of standards using a BP10 capillary column was evaluated to identify the chromatographic behaviour. Detection limits ranged from 0.05 ng for chlorsulfuron to 3 ng for monuron with the NPD and, from 0.01 ng for chlorsulfuron to 5 ng for metabenzthiazuron with the ECD. The RSDs (n=4) were lower than 4% at the 12–25 ng level. The method was applied to the analysis of surface waters extracted with C18 Empore disks with recoveries higher than 85%. Each herbicide could be determined in water down to 0.1 μg·L⁻¹. Chlortoluron was found (11.4 μg·L⁻¹) in a water sample and its presence was confimed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.