超临界萃取茶叶中茶多酚的提取与应用

本文通过对绿茶茶叶的浸提试验,确定了超临界二氧化碳萃取茶多酚的最佳工艺条件,并通过与溶剂法萃取茶多酚的比较,确定超临界二氧化碳萃取茶多酚的可行性,最后对茶多酚在食品保鲜中的应用做了分析研究,发现茶多酚是比较理想的保鲜剂。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取秋水仙碱（英文）

 利用超临界二氧化碳对秋水仙块根（经粉碎）中的秋水仙碱进行了萃取,采用高效液相色谱法对萃取出的秋水仙碱的质量分数进行了测定。实验选择40℃20～40MPa作为超临界苹取的操作条件,采用体积分数为95％的乙醇在索氏提取器中对样品进行了对比苹取实验。结果表明:不加浸泡剂进行浸泡处理的样品中的秋水仙碱很难被超临界二氧化碳萃取,在40℃,35MPa条件下,消耗1．28mol的二氧化碳只得到3％的萃取率。加入极少量的有机溶剂浸泡处理样品15min后再进行超临界萃取,可以极大程度地提高秋水仙碱的萃取率。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取羌活研究初探

研究了用超临界二氧化碳法萃取羌活的工艺条件,探讨了萃取压力、温度、时间对萃取效果的影响。萃取物最高收率为８．７５％,比水蒸汽蒸馏法收率高六倍以上。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取秋水仙碱（英文）

利用超临界二氧化碳对秋水仙块根（经粉碎）中的秋水仙碱进行了萃取,采用高效液相色谱法对萃取出的秋水仙碱的质量分数进行了测定。实验选择40℃20～40MPa作为超临界苹取的操作条件,采用体积分数为95％的乙醇在索氏提取器中对样品进行了对比苹取实验。结果表明:不加浸泡剂进行浸泡处理的样品中的秋水仙碱很难被超临界二氧化碳萃取,在40℃,35MPa条件下,消耗1．28mol的二氧化碳只得到3％的萃取率。加入极少量的有机溶剂浸泡处理样品15min后再进行超临界萃取,可以极大程度地提高秋水仙碱的萃取率。在所选的浸泡剂乙醚、丙酮、乙腈、甲醇、乙醇中,乙醇浸泡效果最佳,经浸泡后,在40℃,35MPa条件下进行超临界二氧化碳萃取,仅消耗0．21mol的二氧化碳,一次苹取的秋水仙碱萃取率就达80％。秋水仙碱的质量分数从原植物样品中的0．18％提高到萃取物中的6．92％,提高了近38倍,而有机溶剂乙醇提取只能达到0．98％,仅提高了5倍。超临界苹取后的样品经简单的过滤即可进样进行HPLC分析,有机溶剂乙醇提取则需要氯仿苹取、溶剂回收等样品制备过程。HPLC分离测定秋水仙碱采用苯基柱,甲醇-水梯度洗脱,流速0．5mL／min,UV检测λ=353um,经选择,其最佳条件为：从V（甲醇）：V（水）=50：50开始,15min内到V     

苹果中5种氨基甲酸酯类农药的超临界流体萃取及其气相色谱法测定

提出了一种采用超临界流体萃取技术对苹果中５种氨基甲酸酯类农药进行萃取及用气相色谱检测的方法。实验以二氧化碳作为超临界流体，加入３％的甲醇作为改性剂，对３种惰性载体和加入硅藻土的苹果基体的超临界萃取条件进行了选择，以气相色谱配以氮磷检测器检测５种氨基甲酸酯类农药，取得了满意的结果，回收率为８８％～９８％。     

苹果中5种氨基甲酸酯类农药的超临界流体萃取及其气相色谱法测定

 提出了一种采用超临界流体萃取技术对苹果中５种氨基甲酸酯类农药进行萃取及用气相色谱检测的方法。实验以二氧化碳作为超临界流体，加入３％的甲醇作为改性剂，对３种惰性载体和加入硅藻土的苹果基体的超临界萃取条件进行了选择，以气相色谱配以氮磷检测器检测５种氨基甲酸酯类农药，取得了满意的结果，回收率为８８％～９８％。     

墨红花超临界二氧化碳香味萃取成分的色谱－质谱法测定

由墨红花提取的精油或油树脂是优质的天然香料，被广泛用于化妆品和食品工业。超临界ＣＯ２萃取墨红花精油，既可保持很好的香气，又能克服传统的有机溶剂萃取时有残余溶剂的缺点。用气相色谱－质谱联用法对超临界ＣＯ２萃取物与石油醚萃取物中的组成进行了分析比较。色谱条件为：ＯＶ－１０１固定相，氦气，０．２ｍｍ×５０ｍ石英毛细管柱，柱温７０℃２ｍｉｎ，然后以５℃／ｍｉｎ程序升温至２５０℃。超临界萃取条件为５０℃，２１ＭＰａ，ＣＯ２流量为１０ｍＬ。发现超临界萃取物中的成分包括了石油醚萃取物中的多数主要香味成分，但对香味影响较小的、分子量较大的烷烃和烯烃的含量较少。超临界二氧化碳萃取物的香气与鲜花相近。     

超临界CO_2萃取中草药活性成分溶剂特性研究

针对超临界二氧化碳流体的局限性和中草药中活性成分的特殊性,研究了超临界二氧二化碳流体、改性剂和混合溶液的溶解度参数,提出了改性剂的选择原则。结果表明:萃取温度和压力是影响超临界二氧化碳流体和混合溶剂溶解度参数的主要因素,改性剂的种类和浓度影响萃取体系的溶解特性。     

超临界萃取装置的研制及其应用

超临界流体萃取是近的上来兴起的一种新的分离技术，报道了将超临界萃取原理与回流技术相结合研制的二氧化碳回流中低压超临界流体萃取设备，解决了关键实验手段，通过应用证明设备可靠，费用低廉，有实用价值。     

超临界CO2萃取-高效液相色谱法测定银杏外种皮中银杏酚酸

建立了银杏外种皮中银杏酚酸超临界CO2萃取高效液相色谱的分析方法,使用C18液相色谱柱,以甲醇:水(85:15,V/V)为流动相,在UV310 nm下对其进行了定性定量分析,方法的线性相关系数r=0.99993。加标回收率≥97.5%,RSD小于2%,该方法已用于银杏外种皮中银杏酚酸的萃取检测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.