高亮度下具有较高效率的绿色和蓝绿色有机电致发光器件的制备和性能研究(英文)

以铱配合物Ir(tfmppy)2(tpip)(1,tfmppy=4-三氟甲基苯基吡啶,tpip=四苯基膦酰胺)和Ir(dfp-py)2(tpip)(2,dfppy=4,6-二氟苯基吡啶)为发光中心分别制备了绿色和蓝绿色有机电致发光器件ITO/TAPC(1,1-bis[4-[N,N-di(p-tolyl)amino]phenyl]cyclohexane,60 nm)/Ir(Ⅲ)complex(x%,质量分数)∶Sim-CP(3,5-bis(9-carbazolyl)tetraphenylsilane,40 nm)/TPBi(2,2’,2″-(1,3,5-benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole,60 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(100 nm)。配合物Ir(tfmppy)2(tpip)掺杂质量分数为6%时,以其为发光中心的绿色器件在5 930 cd/m2亮度下的最大电流效率为47.10 cd/A,CIE色坐标为(0.28,0.65),在16.4V驱动电压下的最大发光亮度为38 674 cd/m2。配合物Ir(dfppy)2(tpip)掺杂质量分数为10%时,以其为发光中心的蓝绿色器件在3 175 cd/m2亮度下的最大电流效率为14.80 cd/A,色坐标为(0.15,0.50),在11.8 V驱动电压下的最大发光亮度为25 985 cd/m2。     

苯基酞嗪类三环铱配合物的合成及其电致发光性能

通过含苯氧基团的苯基酞嗪衍生物配体与IrCl₃一步反应生成了三环铱配合物Ir(mppppz)₃。在480 nm光激发下其二氯甲烷溶液的发光波长为608 nm,量子产率约为0.31,磷光寿命为268 ns,其纯固态发光波长为640 nm。配合物的HOMO能级为5.14 eV,LUMO能级为2.91 eV。当Ir(mppppz)₃以2%的质量分数掺杂于PVK-PBD中做成电致发光器件后,电致发光波长为616 nm。器件的启亮电压为3.9 V,最大外量子效率为1.48%,最大亮度为1 030 cd/m²,对应的流明效率为0.81 cd/A,所发出的光的色坐标是(0.64, 0.35),接近标准红色。     

一种新型铱(Ⅲ)配合物及其有机电致发光器件

报道了一种新的基于2,5-二（4’-乙基苯基）吡啶配体的铱（Ⅲ）配合物,并用于有机电致发光器件,得到λmax=548nm的绿光发射,其最大发光效率为23cd／A,最大亮度为10800cd／m^2。与基于其他绿光铱（Ⅲ）配合物的器件相比,该器件的电流饱和特性也得到进一步改善。     

新型高效双极性磷光主体材料的合成及光电性能EI北大核心CSCD

设计并合成了一种以嘧啶为电子受体、咔唑类衍生物为电子给体的不对称给体-受体-给体(D-A-D)型双极性化合物,即1-(2-(3-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基)嘧啶-5-基)-1,3-二氢-3,3-二甲基茚并[2,1-b]咔唑(DMIC-PmPCP),并对其结构进行了核磁表征。化合物DMIC-PmPCP的光电性能测试结果显示其具有较高的三线态能级(2.82 eV)和较平衡的载流子传输性能。以DMIC-PmPCP为主体材料、二(2-甲基-6-苯基吡啶)(2-([1,1'-联苯]-3-基)吡啶)合铱(即GD-01)为掺杂材料制作的绿光磷光器件色坐标CIE(0.33,0.62),最大电流效率为70.16 cd·A-1。在发光亮度3000 cd·m-2条件下,器件的电流效率为55.08 cd·A^-1,相比使用常规主体材料1,3-二氢-3,3-二甲基-1-(3-(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)苯基)茚[2,1-b]咔唑(即DMIC-TRZ)制作的器件,电流效率提高了13.6%。以DMIC-PmPCP为主体材料、Ir(PPy)3为掺杂发光材料的器件也获得了较好的电致发光性能,在3000 cd·m^-2条件下电流效率达到52.33 cd·A^-1。实验结果表明,主体材料具有更好的载流子平衡性对于提高器件性能具有很大帮助。     

铱金属配合物磷光材料掺杂聚合物体系的电致发光特性

通过对一种新型贵金属铱的配合物磷光材料(pbi)₂Ir(acac)与咔唑共聚物进行物理掺杂, 制备了结构为indium-tin oxide(ITO)/poly(N-vinylcarbazole)(PVK): (pbi)₂Ir(acac)(x)/2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenan throline(BCP)(20nm)/8-Hydroxyquinoline aluminum(Alq₃)(10nm)/Mg:Ag的聚合物电致磷光器件,研究了磷光聚合物掺杂体系在低掺杂浓度时(0.1%和0.5%(质量百分数,全文同))的光致发光(PL)和电致发光(EL)特性. 结果表明, 该掺杂体系的PL光谱和EL光谱中均同时存在主体材料PVK与磷光客体(pbi)₂Ir(acac)的发光光谱, 但主客体的发射强度不同,推测该掺杂体系在电致发光条件下, 同时存在主体材料到客体的不完全的能量传递和载流子直接俘获过程. 磷光掺杂浓度为0.1%的器件在19V电压下实现了白光发射, 色坐标为(0.32, 0.38), 掺杂浓度为0.5%的器件在20.6V电压下的最大发光亮度为11827 cd·m^-2, 而在13.4V电压下的最大流明效率为4.13 cd·A^-1. 关键词： 有机电致发光器件 铱配合物磷光 聚合物掺杂     

铽配合物TbY(m-MBA)6(phen)2·2H2O的有机电致发光分析

将新型稀土配合物TbY(m-MBA)6(phen)2*2H2O掺杂到导电聚合物PVK中改善了配合物的成膜性和导电性, 作为发光层应用于有机电致发光. 分别制作了器件(1) ITO/PVKTbY(m-MBA)6(phen)2*2H2O/LiF/Al和以Alq为电子传输层的器件(2) ITO/PVKTbY(m-MBA)6(phen)2*2H2O/Alq/LiF/Al. 研究了两种器件的电致发光性能, 得到了最大效率为0.88 cd*A-1的器件. 研究了铽配合物与PVK共掺杂体系的激发光谱和光致发光谱, 发现两者之间存在着能量转移, 说明Y3+的存在促进了PVK到Tb3+的能量传递. 文章就器件的发光特性和掺杂体系的能量传递进行了初步讨论.     

非掺杂型高效绿色磷光有机电致发光器件

在空穴传输层TCTA与电子传输层TPBi之间引入磷光染料Ir(ppy)3超薄发光层,制备了结构为ITO/MoO_3(2 nm)/NPB(40 nm)/TCTA(10 nm)/Ir(ppy)3(xnm)/TPBi(40 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(80 nm)的非掺杂磷光有机电致发光器件。通过调控非掺杂发光层的厚度,详细研究了Ir(ppy)3层厚度对器件性能的影响。实验结果表明,当非掺杂发光层厚度为0.2 nm时,器件的性能最好,器件的亮度、效率和外量子效率分别达到26 350 cd·m~(-2)、42.9 cd·A~(-1)和12.9%。研究结果表明,采用超薄的非掺杂发光层可以简化器件结构和制备工艺,获得高效率的OLED器件。     

磷光铱配合物的纯度对其电致发光性能的影响

采用不同的真空热梯度升华条件,获得了不同纯度的乙酰丙酮酸二(2-苯基吡啶)铱Ir(ppy)₂(acac)。以不同纯度Ir(ppy)₂(acac)为客体材料,制备了结构为ITO:MoO₃/CBP/CBP:Ir(ppy)₂(acac)/TPBi/LiF:Al的有机发光二极管(OLEDs),其中CBP和TPBi分别是4,4'-二(9-咔唑)联苯和1,3,5-三(1-苯基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)苯。评价了不同纯度磷光铱配合物制备的器件的电致发光性能,探索了磷光铱配合物纯度对器件性能的影响。结果表明:Ir(ppy)₂(acac)升华后可以提高器件的稳定性,纯度高的材料可以在较低的掺杂浓度下获得较高的发光效率。     

一种基于二-[2',6'-二氟-2,3'-联吡啶-N,C4'][3-乙酰基-1,7,7-三甲基-双环[2.2.1]-2-庚酮-O,O]铱(Ⅲ)的非掺杂蓝色磷光发光器件

以2',6'-二氟-2,3'-联吡啶(Hdfpypy)为主配体,空间位阻的3-乙酰基樟脑(Hacam)为辅助配体,合成了二-[2',6'-二氟-2,3'-联吡啶-N,C4'][3-乙酰基-1,7,7-三甲基-双环[2.2.1]2-庚酮-O,O]铱(Ⅲ)((dfpypy)2Ir(acam))。在四氢呋喃(THF)溶液中,配合物光致发光(PL)光谱最大发射峰值为466 nm,在487nm左右有一个不明显的肩峰,半峰宽为55 nm。配合物在脱气THF溶液中的PL量子效率为0.51。以(dfpypy)2Ir(acam)为发光层,制备了器件结构为ITO/HATCN(1 nm)/TAPC(40 nm)/(dfpypy)2Ir(acam)(10 nm)/BmpypB(40 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(90 nm)的蓝色非掺杂磷光发光器件。电致发光(EL)光谱的最大发射峰值为474 nm。器件的启动电压为3.5 V。在电流密度为20 mA·cm-2时,CIE色坐标值为(0.17,0.29)。在驱动电压为11 V时,器件最大亮度为2 170 cd·m-2。在驱动电压为4.2 V时,最大功率效率为5.25 lm·W-1,最大亮度效率为6.45 cd·A-1。     

基于mCP与UGH2为母体的双发光层高效率蓝色磷光OLED

以9,9'-(1,3-苯基)二-9H-咔唑(m CP)和1,4-二(三苯甲硅烷基)苯(UGH2)为母体,将常用的蓝光染料二(3,5-二氟-2-(2-吡啶)苯基-(2-吡啶甲酸根))合铱(Ⅲ)(FIrpic)掺入这两种母体材料中,制得具有双发光层结构的蓝色磷光有机电致发光器件,并对整个物理机制进行了阐述。该器件较基于m CP或UGH2为母体的单发光层器件有着更高的器件效率。器件的最大电流效率、功率效率、外量子效率分别为21.13 cd/A、14.97 lm/W、10.56%。器件亮度从100 cd/m2到3 000 cd/m2时,效率滚降为34.2%。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.