纳米HZSM-5催化剂催化C8直链烃转化的性能

 制备了粒径为20～50 nm的纳米HZSM-5催化剂,并采用XRF,TEM和NH3-TPD等技术对催化剂进行了表征. 以正辛烷和1-辛烯的芳构化和异构化为探针反应,研究了纳米HZSM-5催化剂的催化性能,并与微米HZSM-5催化剂(4～6 μm)进行比较. 考察了反应条件对纳米HZSM-5催化剂催化生成C7～C9芳烃和C4～C6异构烷烃选择性的影响,并对反应机理进行了初步探讨. 结果表明,纳米HZSM-5沸石具有晶粒小、微孔短、孔口多以及位于孔口和外表面的酸中心数量多、对大分子的烷基芳烃和异构烷烃等的扩散阻力小等特点,减小了积炭对纳米HZSM-5沸石上芳构化、烷基化和异构化反应的影响,比微米HZSM-5沸石具有更好的芳构化、异构化性能和稳定性,烃类可通过芳构化、异构化和烷基化等反应途径转化为高辛烷值的异构烷烃和芳烃. 在p=0.1 MPa,θ=370 ℃和WHSV=2 h-1的条件下,纳米HZSM-5催化剂催化正辛烷和1-辛烯转化的产物中,异构烷烃和芳烃的总产率分别为88%和93%,C4～C6异构烷烃和C7～C9芳烃的选择性分别达到80%和70%以上. 正辛烷和1-辛烯在不同晶粒大小HZSM-5催化剂上的反应遵循正碳离子反应机理.     

常压两步法催化丙三醇脱水-加氢制备 1,2-丙二醇

 在常压 H2 气氛下催化丙三醇脱水-加氢制备了 1,2-丙二醇. 首先在 220 oC 和常压 H2 条件下, 以 Cu/Al2O3 为催化剂催化丙三醇脱水生成中间体丙酮醇, 其选择性高达 86%. 考察了 Cu 负载量、反应温度和反应气氛对催化剂性能的影响. 在随后的丙酮醇加氢反应中, Raney Ni 催化剂显示出优异的催化性能, 在 120 oC 和常压 H2 条件下, 1,2-丙二醇选择性可达 99% 以上, 催化剂连续使用 5 h 未出现失活现象. 考察了反应温度、空速及反应时间对催化剂性能的影响.     

氯代苯胺液相催化加氢合成环己酮

提出了一种催化降解氯代苯胺高选择性合成环己酮的技术.在La修饰Pd/Al2O3催化剂作用下,通过催化加氢的方法实现了由多氯代苯胺(2,4,6-三氯苯胺和2,4,-二氯苯胺)高选择性地合成环己酮(不含环己醇).在优化的反应条件下,2,4,6-三氯苯胺加氢生成环己酮的转化率和选择性分别为100%和98.6%(没有检测到环己醇);2,4,-二氯苯胺加氢生成环己酮的转化率和选择性均为100%.氯代苯胺在Pd/La-Al2O3催化剂表面首先发生加氢脱氯/N-甲基化等反应生成苯胺、N-甲基苯胺和N,N-二甲基苯胺等中间产物,随后这些中间产物发生苯环加氢、氨基水解/醇解等反应得到环己酮;氯代苯胺上Cl元素的存在和体系中水的含量是影响环己酮选择性的重要因素.     

温控相分离纳米Rh催化1,5-环辛二烯选择性加氢反应

发现离子液体[CH3(OCH2CH2)nN+Et3][CH3SO3-](ILPEG,n=12,16,22)具有临界溶解温度特性,据此确证了以ILPEG为稳定剂制得的Rh纳米催化剂具有温控相分离催化功能,并将其用于1,5-环辛二烯(1,5-COD)选择性加氢制环辛烯(COE)的反应中.在优化的反应条件下,1,5-COD转化率和COE选择性分别为99%和90%;Rh纳米催化剂经简单分相即可与产物分离,催化剂循环使用10次,其活性和选择性无明显降低.     

无催化剂条件下环辛烯环氧化反应

以O2气为氧源,在无溶剂无引发剂条件下,研究了非催化剂体系中环辛烯环氧化反应,并考察了反应温度、时间、压力、自由基引发剂以及自由基阻聚剂对环辛烯环氧化反应的影响. 实验结果表明,在无催化剂条件下,当反应初压0.60 MPa,反应时间2.0 h时,在140 ℃的较高温度下,以分子氧为氧源,环辛烯的转化率为44.5%,环氧环辛烷的选择性可达到64.4%.     

高分子负载钯催化剂中载体主链在催化加氢反应中的作用

报导几种以聚2,6-二甲基1,4-苯醚(PPO)和聚砜(PSu)为主链的负载钯催化剂对1-辛烯和环戊二烯在温和条件下的催化加氢活性与选择性。官能团化的PPO负载钯催化剂对1-辛烯的催化加氢活性大于官能团化的PSu负载钯催化剂的活性,但前者在加氢过程中的活性下降比后者快得多;官能团化的PPO负载钯催化剂在1-辛烯加氢过程中活性很快下降的原因与其强的异构化性能和异构化产物有关。相同配体的两种负载钯催化剂对环戊二烯的催化加氢表现在活性上,PPO低于PSu,而选择性PPO高于PSu。表明除了按预计与钯直接配位的配体外,载体主链结构对负载钯催化剂的加氢性能也有显著影响。     

硅胶键合膦的制备及其对铑络合物催化1-辛烯氢甲酰化反应的影响

以硅胶为载体, 采用键合接枝法将2-(二苯膦基)乙基三乙氧基硅烷(DPPES)共价键合于硅胶表面, 制备了性能优良的硅胶键合型膦配体(以SiO₂(PPh₂)表示). 以SiO₂(PPh₂)为配体, Rh(acac)(CO)₂ (acac:乙酰丙酮)为催化前体, 负载铑膦络合物催化剂(SiO₂(PPh₂)/Rh)在1-辛烯氢甲酰化反应中原位生成. 对生成的负载型催化剂和硅胶键合型膦配体进行了傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱表征, 考察了膦/铑摩尔浓度比([P]/[Rh])、温度等因素对铑催化的长链1-辛烯氢甲酰化反应的影响. 结果表明, 膦/铑摩尔浓度比的增加能显著提高反应的成醛选择性, 降低铑的流失. 在[P]/[Rh]=12、363 K、2.0 MPa、1.5 h 的温和反应条件下, 1-辛烯转化率和成醛选择性分别可达98.4%和95.3%, 其催化活性与DPPES或三苯基膦(TPP)作配体时的均相铑催化相近. 催化剂循环4 次后, 反应活性无明显下降, 1-辛烯转化率均在97.0%左右, 经电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)检测,有机相中铑流失低于0.1%.     

光照和加热条件下Pt/TiO_2催化二氧化碳加氢(英文)

浸渍法制备了Pt负载量为0.5 to 2%的Pt/TiO2催化剂,考察它们在光照和加热条件下二氧化碳催化加氢性能.结果表明,二氧化碳加氢反应均可在Pt/TiO2的催化下进行,但在不同反应条件下加氢反应通过不同方式进行.在加热条件下,二氧化碳可转化为一氧化碳和甲烷,且在低温加热条件下一氧化碳是主产物(CO选择性为100%,250℃,0.5%Pt/TiO2).在1.5%Pt/TiO2催化剂上,当反应温度从250℃升高到450℃时,CH4的选择性由0增加到60.94%.同时,增加Pt的负载量也会导致CH4的选择性的增加.然而,在光照条件下,产物只有甲烷.CO2-TPD结果表明,二氧化碳通过羰基基团与作为吸附中心的Pt相连接.结合催化活性与表征结果,提出在光照条件下,反应可能以二氧化碳和氢气分别被光生电子活化反应生成甲酸中间体,随后经由甲酸加氢和脱水生成甲烷的机理进行.而在加热条件下,反应可能以二氧化碳首先吸附在催化剂表面形成羰基Pt物种,随后加氢生成一氧化碳,一氧化碳继续加氢生成甲烷的机理进行.     

The photocatalytic and thermal catalytic reduction of CO2 with H2 over Pt/TiO2 catalysts

浸渍法制备了Pt负载量为0.5 to 2%的Pt/TiO2催化剂,考察它们在光照和加热条件下二氧化碳催化加氢性能.结果表明,二氧化碳加氢反应均可在Pt/TiO2的催化下进行,但在不同反应条件下加氢反应通过不同方式进行.在加热条件下,二氧化碳可转化为一氧化碳和甲烷,且在低温加热条件下一氧化碳是主产物(CO选择性为100%,250℃,0.5%Pt/TiO2).在1.5%Pt/TiO2催化剂上,当反应温度从250℃升高到450℃时,CH4的选择性由0增加到60.94%.同时,增加Pt的负载量也会导致CH4的选择性的增加.然而,在光照条件下,产物只有甲烷.CO2-TPD结果表明,二氧化碳通过羰基基团与作为吸附中心的Pt相连接.结合催化活性与表征结果,提出在光照条件下,反应可能以二氧化碳和氢气分别被光生电子活化反应生成甲酸中间体,随后经由甲酸加氢和脱水生成甲烷的机理进行.而在加热条件下,反应可能以二氧化碳首先吸附在催化剂表面形成羰基Pt物种,随后加氢生成一氧化碳,一氧化碳继续加氢生成甲烷的机理进行.     

Ni(Co)-W-B非晶态催化剂的制备和加氢脱氧性能研究

采用化学还原法制备出非晶态催化剂Ni-W-B和Co-W-B,用BET、XRD和XPS对催化剂进行表征分析,以对甲基苯酚为模型化合物研究了两种催化剂的加氢脱氧性能。结果表明,所制备的两种催化剂均为非晶态结构,两种催化剂在对甲基苯酚的加氢脱氧反应中都显示出较好的脱氧活性。在相对低温523 K下,Ni-W-B催化剂显示较高的加氢活性,转化率达到100.0%,对甲基环己醇的选择性为55.1%,脱氧选择性只有44.1%,而Co-W-B催化剂显示出较高的脱氧活性,脱氧选择性达到93.1%,这主要是由于催化剂的表面不同价态元素组成含量引起的。在573 K和4.0 MPa下,催化对甲基苯酚的加氢脱氧反应的转化率和脱氧选择性都能达到100%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.