全蒸发顶空气相色谱法测定聚乙烯醇中甲醇的含量

建立了全蒸发顶空气相色谱法测定聚乙烯醇中甲醇含量的方法. 采用固定相为100%的二甲基聚硅氧烷石英毛细管柱,以氮气为载气,流速为1.0 mL/min,分流比为1:100,检测器温度为200 ℃,进样口温度为150 ℃,顶空进样,平衡温度为120 ℃,平衡时间为90 min,相关系数r为0.9979. 在此色谱条件下被测物均能得到很好的分离,甲醇峰面积与检测浓度呈良好的线性关系. 方法的检测限为0.011 mg,回收率为98.15%. 采用改变气固相比的方法测定了顶空色谱下的气固相分配系数,在0.02~0.4之间,方法符合全蒸发顶空气相色谱法应用条件. 实验建立的色谱方法灵敏、准确、简单、方便、高效. 方法可同时对9个样品进行测定,适合于企业大批量聚乙烯醇中甲醇含量的测定.     

盐析效应结合顶空气相色谱质谱法测定香精香料中甲醇含量

利用盐析效应结合顶空-气相色谱/质谱联用仪,建立了一种快速、准确检测香精香料中甲醇含量的方法.方法以5 mol/L NaCl溶液为顶空基质校正剂,试验得线性范围为0.8~200 ng/mL(r~2=0.999 9,n=6),检出限为0.25ng/mL,定量限为0.84 ng/mL,日内精密度1.8%,日间精密度4.2%,样品加标回收率为96.51%~114.98%.测得随机抽取的10个含有香精香料样品中甲醇的质量浓度在0.0~8.4 ng/mL之间.方法无需前处理,灵敏度高,选择性好,定性准确,适用于香精香料中甲醇含量的测定.     

顶空进样GC-SIM-MS测定硝唑尼特中溶剂残留甲醇含量

利用气相色谱-选择离子监测质谱联用仪(GC-SIM-MS)测定硝唑尼特样品中溶剂残留甲醇的含量,顶空进样,温度为70℃,时间为20 min.SIM定量离子m/z 32,参考离子m/z 31,30和29.甲醇质量浓度在0.5~100μg/m L内呈良好的线性(R~2=0.999 92).方法相对标准偏差为2.49%~4.85%,样品加标回收在94.5%~102.8%之间,检测限为0.5μg/m L,符合定量分析的要求.     

顶空-气相色谱法测定纸类产品中游离甲醛

采用顶空-气相色谱法测定纸类产品中游离甲醛的含量。选择顶空平衡温度和时间分别为100℃和30min,用HP-INNOWAX色谱柱(60m×0.32mm,0.50μm)分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测。甲醛的质量分数在1~100μg·g-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.4μg·g-1。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在82.5%~94.4%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.1%~4.2%之间。     

顶空进样–气相色谱法测定环境水质中甲醇和丙酮

建立顶空进样–气相色谱法测定环境水体中甲醇和丙酮的方法。通过实验优化了顶空及色谱条件,顶空进样条件：在80 ℃下加热30 min,取样针温度为100 ℃,传输线温度为110 ℃;色谱条件：采用聚乙二醇毛细管柱,进样分流比为5∶1,进样口温度为220 ℃;检测器温度为280 ℃。甲醇、丙酮的质量浓度分别在0.0～45.0、0.0～4.5 mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999。当取样量为10 mL时,甲醇、丙酮的方法检出限分别为0.18、0.017 mg/L。样品加标回收率分别为87.3%～100.9%、84.6%～108%,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.93%～3.95%、1.01%～4.32%(n=6)。该方法无需复杂的样品处理步骤,安全、环保、快捷。     

顶空-气相色谱质谱法快速测定水性涂料及胶粘剂中游离甲醛含量

建立了顶空-气相色谱质谱法快速测定水性涂料及胶粘剂中游离甲醛含量。样品经水溶解后置于顶空进样仪中,在80℃下加热20 min,使甲醛在气液两相间达到平衡,取顶空气体进气相色谱仪并以质谱检测器选择离子模式检测。以PLOT/Q毛细管柱实现甲醛与空气及其它干扰物的色谱分离,以保留时间及碎片离子相对丰度比定性,外标法定量。结果表明,甲醛浓度在1.0~100.0 mg/L范围内,线性方程为y=448.9777x+16.6253,相关系数为r=0.9997;方法检出限为5mg/kg;平均回收率为91.3%~96.7%;相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.3%~2.1%。本法可用于水性涂料、胶黏剂中游离甲醛含量的快速分析。     

顶空取样-气相色谱-质谱法测定食品用洗涤剂中甲醇含量

取样品0.100 0g用5.0mL水超声溶解,并引入顶空进样仪中,在80℃下加热30min达到平衡。对溶液中甲醇经顶空提取后,以HP-INNOWAX毛细管色谱柱为固定相进行气相色谱分离。质谱分析中采用选择离子监测模式,外标法定量。甲醇的质量浓度在0.50~100mg·L~(-1)内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.002 5%。按标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率在90.0%~100%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于2.2%。     

顶空-气相色谱-质谱法检测易燃液体及其分类

建立了一种利用顶空-气相色谱-质谱进行易燃液体的检测和分类的有效方法。以凹版油墨为模型样品体系，利用顶空-气相色谱-质谱鉴定了样品中的易挥发组分。考察了平衡温度、平衡时间和组分含量等特性参数。利用外标法测定了组分含量，结果显示该方法的相对标准偏差为0.88%~2.88%，加标回收率为92.8%~103.1%。采用该方法对多种实际样品进行了定性和定量分析，并用混合溶剂闪点预测模型计算了样品的闪点，与闪点实测值进行了比较。结果表明，该方法可用于易燃液体实际样品闪点的预测，实现化学品的分类，闪点预测值与实测值最大偏差仅为3.2℃。该方法为易燃液体实际样品的分类提供了一种新颖、高效和便捷的技术。     

自动顶空-气相色谱法测定手机壳中12种挥发性有机物

采用自动顶空-气相色谱法测定手机壳中12种挥发性有机物。采用毛细管色谱柱分离,FID检测,12种有机物能够很好分离,线性较好,样品加标回收率在90.8%~106.7%范围内,相对标准偏差在4.9%~11%之间,相关系数在0.99以上,检出限为0.01μg/g。对色谱柱、气相色谱运行参数、自动顶空条件进行了优化。方法适合于手机壳中残留有机物测定。     

顶空气相色谱-质谱测定橄榄调和油中橄榄油含量

建立了测定橄榄调和油中橄榄油含量的顶空气相色谱-质谱分析方法。对样品量、加热温度、加热时间、进样量、进样模式、色谱柱进行了优化。通过化学计量学方法发现了橄榄油的特征化合物。取1.0 g样品放置于20 m L顶空瓶中,在180℃加热振摇2 700 s,取1.0 m L顶空气体进样,通过HP-88色谱柱分离和质谱检测。结果表明,方法的线性范围为0~100%(橄榄油含量),线性相关系数(r2)大于0.995,检出限为1.26%~2.13%,模拟橄榄调和油中橄榄油含量测定的偏差为-0.65%~1.02%,相对偏差为-1.3%~6.8%,相对标准偏差为1.18%~4.26%(n=6)。该方法不使用任何溶剂,操作简单、快速、环保,灵敏度和准确度高,适用于橄榄调和油中橄榄油含量的测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.