电纺纳米纤维固相萃取拟除虫菊酯的研究

将电纺纳米纤维用于萃取分离拟除虫菊酯农药.实验发现电纺纳米纤维对甲氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、氯菊酯和联苯菊酯农药有较好的吸附能力,对6种拟除虫菊酯农药的最大吸附容量分别为5.4、5.8、6.0、6.5、6.5和8.0μg/mg.应用电纺纳米纤维固相萃取一高败液相同时测定蔬菜样品中6种拟除虫菊酯农药.在优化实验条件下,6种拟除虫菊酯类农药分离效果较好,并在(0.01～0.04)～10mg/L浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r2=0.9995～0.9999);方法的最小检测限为5～12μg/L,其加标回收率在85.8%～96.6%之间.     

分散液-液微萃取-气相色谱法快速检测番茄中3种拟除虫菊酯类农药

建立了快速(quick)、简单(easy)、便宜(cheap)、有效(effective)、可靠(rugged)和安全(safe)(QuEChERS)的分散液-液微萃取(DLLME)-气相色谱快速测定番茄中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的方法。样品经乙腈提取,N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)净化,采用DLLME富集,用气相色谱法分析。考察了联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯和氟氰菊酯在番茄中的残留测定,同时考察了萃取剂种类与体积、分散剂体积以及萃取时间等因素对萃取效率的影响,以40 μL氯仿为萃取剂,1000 μL乙腈为分散剂,萃取时间为60 s。结果表明: 3种拟除虫菊酯类农药在番茄中的检出限分别为0.5、0.5、0.3 μg/kg。在1、10和50 μg/kg添加水平下,联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯和氟氰菊酯在番茄中的平均回收率分别为89%～109%、92.5%～105%和90%～108%,相对标准偏差分别为2.5%～7.6%、2.8%～5.7%、3.8%～9.1%。该方法简便、快速、安全、价格低廉,重现性好,可用于番茄中拟除虫菊酯类农药的快速检测。     

浊点萃取-异辛烷反萃取-气相色谱测定茶叶中拟除虫菊酯农药残留

建立了浊点萃取-异辛烷反萃取-气相色谱(ECD)检测茶叶中联苯菊酯(Bifenthrin)、甲氰菊酯(Fenpropathrin)、功夫菊酯(Cyhalothrin)、氯菊酯(Permethrin)、氰戊菊酯(Fenvalerate)、溴氰菊酯(Deltamethrin)6种拟除虫菊酯农药残留的方法.对含1.2%(m/V)聚乙二醇6000(PEG6000)表面活性剂和40%(m/V)(NH4)2SO4的6种拟除虫菊酯溶液进行加热萃取,所获得的富集相用异辛烷超声反萃取,并经离心对上层异辛烷溶液进行进一步净化处理,即可获得富集倍数达75倍的6种农药.本方法的检出限(LOD)为:联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯和功夫菊酯0.4 μg/kg;氰戊菊酯2.1 μg/kg;氯菊酯和溴氰菊酯3.0 μg/kg;用本方法测定了新鲜茶叶中6种拟除虫菊酯农药,含量分别为4.17, 4.15, 4.09, 4.01, 3.93和3.51 μg/kg.在上述茶叶样品中添加20 μg/kg 的6种农药后测定,添加回收率为72.3%～85.6%; 相对标准偏差为2.2%～5.6%.     

基质固相分散萃取-分散液相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定土壤中拟除虫菊酯类农药

建立了基质固相分散萃取-分散液相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定土壤中3种拟除虫菊酯农药(胺菊酯、氯菊酯、溴氰菊酯)的分析方法。最佳前处理条件为:0.5 g样品与1.5 g C18固相萃取粉末研磨5 min,混合物以10 m L丙酮洗脱并浓缩至0.4 m L,加入20μL四氯化碳和5 m L超纯水形成乳化,离心破乳后吸取1μL沉积相进GC-MS分析。3种拟除虫菊酯类农药在5~200μg/kg范围内有良好的线性关系(r2≥0.9989),平均加标回收率为86.5%~108.0%,相对标准偏差小于7.8%(n=3),检出限为1.00~1.48μg/kg,可满足土壤中微量拟除虫菊酯类农药的分析。     

分散固相萃取分离-气相色谱法测定银鱼中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量

以冰乙酸-乙腈溶液为萃取溶剂,采用乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷(PSA)、C18和石墨化炭黑固相材料分散净化技术,以气相色谱-电子捕获检测器测定银鱼中6种拟除虫菊酯类农药(联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯)。该方法在0.05~1.0 mg.L-1范围内呈线性关系。方法的检出限(3S/N):氯氰菊酯为0.02 mg.kg-1,其余5种拟除虫菊酯均为0.01 mg.kg-1。以银鱼试样为基体,加入两种不同浓度的6种拟除虫菊酯标准溶液作回收试验,测得回收率在82.9%~106.1%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.9%~7.1%之间。     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定罗非鱼中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量

提出了气相色谱-串联质谱法测定罗非鱼中7种拟除虫菊酯类农药（联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯）残留量的方法。样品以环己烷-乙酸乙酯（1+1）混合液为萃取剂,经加速溶剂萃取仪提取后,经Florisil固相萃取小柱净化后,用丙酮-正己烷（1+9）混合液淋洗,洗脱液于45℃水浴氮吹近干后用正己烷定容至1 mL,通过TR-5MS毛细管色谱柱分离,采用电子轰击离子源选择反应监测模式进行质谱测定。7种拟除虫菊酯类农药的检出限（3S/N）在0.20～2.1μg·kg^-1之间。以空白罗非鱼样品为基体,加入标准溶液进行回收试验,测得回收率在57.9%～107%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差（n=6）均小于12.0%。     

牛肉中7种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定

建立了牛肉组织中胺菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氟胺氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、氟氯苯氰菊酯、氯菊酯7种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法,样品经乙腈提取后,吹干提取液,用正己烷溶解,氟罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化,经BEHC18色谱柱分离,以0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液和0.1%乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行洗脱。电喷雾正离子模式(ESI+)电离,多反应监测模式(MRM)检测,外标法定量。结果表明,7种拟除虫菊酯类农药标准溶液在10～1000μg/L范围内呈良好线性,r2均大于0.998;方法检出限为5μg/kg,定量下限为10μg/kg;7种拟除虫菊酯农药在10～50μg/kg添加水平内的回收率为81%～116%,批内、批间RSD均小于15%。该方法具有简便快捷、灵敏度高、定性准确等优点,能满足食品安全检测有关法规的要求。     

纳米纤维在分析菊酯类农药残留中的应用

以电纺聚苯乙烯纳米纤维作固相萃取材料,对茶叶样品中的拟除虫菊酯农药进行分离富集,用气相色谱-电子捕获器进行检测,并对影响纤维萃取效率的因素进行优化,联苯菊酯、氯菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯和甲氰菊酯在纳米纤维柱上的最大吸附量分别为7.8、7.5、7.2、6.6、7.0μg/mg,5种农药的3种标准混合液通过纳米纤维小柱后回收率为65.5%～89.0%,RSD为1.2%～3.0%。测定喷洒5种农药后的茶叶样品添加回收率为61.3%～87.1%,RSD为0.9%～2.8%,方法的测定下限为1.0×10-4～1.0×10-2mg/kg。该方法可以满足茶叶中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留检测的要求。     

磁性固相萃取结合GC－MS检测烟叶中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

该文基于β-环糊精（β-CD）的磁性复合材料（Fe3O4@SiO2@β-CD）建立了磁固相萃取结合气相色谱－质谱法同时检测烟草中联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯4种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的分析方法,对比了键合不同环糊精衍生物的复合材料（Fe3O4@SiO2@α-CD、Fe3O4@SiO2@β-CD和Fe3O4@SiO2@γ-CD）对4种拟除虫菊酯类农药的吸附性能,发现Fe3O4@SiO2@β-CD对4种目标分析物具有最高的萃取率。并采用扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线衍射仪和微孔吸附材料分析测试仪对制备的磁性材料进行表征,考察了萃取时间、解吸时间、解吸溶剂、溶液pH值和盐离子浓度等对磁性复合材料萃取性能的影响,通过萃取容量实验研究经β-CD修饰前后的磁性复合材料对萃取性能的变化。结果显示,相比于未经修饰的Fe3O4和Fe3O4@SiO2,Fe3O4@SiO2@β-CD的萃取能力显著提升,该磁性复合材料Fe3O4@SiO2@β-CD可用于烟叶样品中4种拟除虫菊酯类农药的测定,线性范围为0.1～3.0 mg/kg,相关系数为0.998 1～0.999 8,检出限均为0.03 mg/kg,定量下限均为0.1 mg/kg,3个加标水平下的回收率为65.9%～107%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n = 3）为0.70%～12%。方法可用于烟叶中联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯4种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的检测。     

中药材中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的微波萃取/气相色谱检测

研究了采用微波辅助萃取法从中药材中提取拟除虫菊酯类农药的影响因素。拟除虫菊酯类农药用毛细管气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测。实验结果表明萃取中药材中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的最佳微波萃取参数设置为:萃取温度80℃;萃取时间10 min;萃取压力808 kPa。在此微波萃取条件下,萃取回收率在80%~108%之间,相对标准偏差介于4.4%~5.8%,方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.04~0.16μg.g-1。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.