Quantum and semiclassical polarization correlations

We analyze the strength of polarization correlations between two light beams that can be achieved in the semiclassical regime using statistical mixtures of coherent states and binary on/off detectors. Under certain symmetry assumptions, the visibility of polarization correlations is shown to be bounded by , which is in a striking contrast with perfect 100% correlations exhibited by photon pairs prepared in the singlet state. The semiclassical limit is demonstrated in a measurement performed on a pair of laser beams undergoing correlated depolarization. This result illustrates the dramatic difference between predictions of quantum mechanics and the semiclassical theory of electromagnetic radiation for the polarization degree of freedom.     

Intensity correlations in a coherently prepared Rb vapor in a magnetic field

We have studied the intensity correlations between two orthogonally linearly polarized components of a laser field propagating through a resonant atomic medium. These experiments have been performed in a rubidium atomic vapor. We observe that the correlations between the orthogonally polarized components of the laser beam are maximal in the absence of a magnetic field. The magnitude of the correlations depends on the applied magnetic field, and the magnitude first decreases and then increases with increasing magnetic field. Minimal correlations and maximal rotation angles are observed at the same magnetic fields. The width of the correlation function is directly proportional to the excited state lifetime and inversely proportional to the Rabi frequency of laser field.     

Spinor slow-light and dirac particles with variable mass

We consider the interaction of two weak probe fields of light with an atomic ensemble coherently driven by two pairs of standing wave laser fields in a tripod-type linkage scheme. The system is shown to exhibit a Dirac-like spectrum for light-matter quasiparticles with multiple dark states, termed spinor slow-light polaritons. They posses an "effective speed of light" given by the group velocity of slow light, and can be made massive by inducing a small two-photon detuning. Control of the two-photon detuning can be used to locally vary the mass including a sign flip. Particularly, this allows the implementation of the random-mass Dirac model for which localized zero-energy (midgap) states exist with unusual long-range correlations.     

EFFECTS OF CROSS-CORRELATED NOISES ON A SINGLE-MODE LASER MODEL: STEADY STATE ANALYSIS

The stationary properties of a single-mode laser with positive and negative correlations between additive and multiplicative white-noise terms are investigated. By virtue of a simple rule and decoupling ansatz, the intensity correlation function and correlation time for the laser model are derived. We found that: (1) the fluctuation of light intensity with negative correlations between the noise terms are reduced in comparison with those for positive correlations; (2) the coupling between additive and multiplicative noises enhances the rate of decay of intensity correlation; (3) the effects of negative correlations between the noise terms are more remarkable than those of positive correlations.     

Laser linewidth effects in intensity correlations in resonance fluorescence

The influence of partially coherent light on photon correlations in resonance fluorescence is discussed. We show that the laser bandwidth changes the intensity correlations in a very different way depending on whether the Rabi oscillation is greater or smaller than the natural lifetime of the excited state. For low intensity excitation we predict a generalization of the Heitler-Weisskopf effect extended to intensity correlations. A comparison with an inhomogenous theory of laser band-width is also presented.     

Squeezed light from spin-squeezed atoms

We propose to transfer quantum correlations from atoms to light by Raman scattering of a strong laser pulse on a spin-squeezed atomic sample. We prove that the emission is restricted to a single field mode which perfectly inherits the quantum correlations of the atomic system.     

Effects of spatial interference on intensity--intensity correlations in collective two-atom emission

In this paper, we investigate the effects of the spatial variation of driving-laser phase in a collective two-atom system on the intensity--intensity correlations of the resonant fluorescence. It is shown that the intensity--intensity correlations exhibit quite different characteristics for the different values of the spatial phase of the laser at the position of the two atoms in both cases of the weak and strong driving lasers. Our results suggest that the intensity--intensity correlations can serve as a probe of the spatial interference effect arising from the spatial variation of the laser phase.     

Angular correlations in pair creation

We present the Monte Carlo analysis of angular correlations in electron-positron pair production by the laser field-heavy ions impact process. It is shown that, for linearly polarized laser fields, pairs are created mainly in the plane spanned by the polarization vector and the laser photon momentum, and that the angular distribution of created electrons and positrons is anticorrelated.     

Accurate time delay determination for femtosecond X-ray diffraction experiments

Intensity correlations and noise reduction are observed and characterized in the broadband supercontinuum generated by spatio-temporal solitons propagating in air, i.e., in filamentation of ultrashort laser pulses. Large correlations and reduction of the laser noise are observed already at the first steps of the filamentation process, while further propagation results in cascaded χ⁽³⁾ broadening processes and yield complex correlation maps. The spectral range yielding an optimal laser noise reduction of 3.6 dB is found to cover 10 nm around the fundamental wavelength. PACS 42.65.Jx; 42.65.Tg; 42.65.Ky; 42.50.Lc     

Photoisomerization processes in the IR-140 laser dye

The photoisomerization processes in the well known IR-140 laser dye and in the closest relevant DTTC model have been investigated by a mode-locked laser spectroscopy in order to observe the influence of a partial rigidization of the polymethine chain. The kinetic, spectral and thermodynamic parameters have been measured; the correlations between the transient quantum yields and the laser efficiency under flash-lamped pumping are discussed. Evidence is given for a surprising solvent effect upon the photoisomerization process.     

Spatial distribution of the intensity noise of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor laser

We studied anticorrelated quantum fluctuations between the TEM(00) and the TEM(01) transverse modes of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor laser by measuring the transverse spatial distribution of the laser beam intensity noise. Our experimental results are found to be in good agreement with the predictions of a phenomenological model that accounts for quantum correlations between transverse modes in a light beam.     

Power-law spatial correlations in arrays of locally coupled lasers

We investigate correlations of the intensity fluctuations of two-dimensional arrays of nonidentical, locally coupled lasers, numerically and experimentally. We find evidence of a power-law dependence of spatial correlations as a function of laser pair distance (or coupling strength) near the phase-locking threshold.     

噪声之间的正负耦合对激光场的影响

从理论上对加性噪声和倍增噪声之间有耦合作用的一维激光模型进行了分析，发现耦合的性质对激光场涨落影响较大，噪声之间的正耦合会延缓强度相关函数的衰减，增强激光系统的统计涨落。噪声之间的负耦合能抑制激光系统的统计涨落，提高激光场的相干性，使激光系统由随机过程向确定过程过渡。     

Fluctuations in synchronously mode-locked dye lasers

We present detailed experimental data on random fluctuations of the pulse properties of a cw rhodamine 6G dye laser synchronously pumped by an acousto-optically mode-locked argon ion laser. It is shown that quantitative information about the fluctuations of the energy, the pulse repetition time and the duration of the pulses can be obtained from the power spectrum of the laser intensity which is measured with the use of an electronic spectrum analyser. This method is capable of revealing small, subpicosecond temporal pulse jitter. We show that the dye laser pulses exhibit an absolute r.m.s. jitter of 20 ps which is induced by the pump laser. The relative jitter in a dual system can be less than 1 ps because well defined correlations of the output fluctuations exist when two lasers are pumped by a common source.     

Workpiece temperature distribution for deep penetration welding with high energy focused beams

A solution for the two-dimensional temperature field in a workpiece at welding by laser or electron beams, which takes into consideration the solid-to-liquid phase change of the material, is presented. This leads to more precise process parameter correlations.     

A study of the heat transfer characteristics of a laser rod in a concentric circular tube

An analytical solution was derived from a two-dimensional heat conduction model with non-uniform boundary conditions for a side-pumped, side-cooled cylindrical laser rod. The convective heat transfer coefficient and the spatially varying fluid temperature were determined from the theoretical solutions or experimental correlations of convective heat transfer in an annular passage with prescribed heat fluxes. The first term of the analytical solution coincides with the result of the one-dimensional model. The other terms indicate that the axial temperature-rise in a laser rod has positive correlations with the axial coolant temperature-rise, the radial Biot number and the length-to-radius ratio of the laser rod. Subsequently, a conjugate numerical simulation that couples up the fluid convection and the solid conduction was performed. Compared with the analytical solution, the conjugate numerical simulation better exhibits the entrance effects of flow and heat transfer; therefore, it may provide more accurate solution in specific cases. PACS 44.10.+i; 44.90.+c     

Removal mechanisms of micro-scale particles by surface wave in laser cleaning

This paper is to investigate the mechanisms of micro-scale particle removal by surface wave, which was induced by a short pulse laser in a cleaning process. The authors analyzed the adhesive forces of particles on substrate surface and the clearance force produced by surface wave in laser cleaning. The physical model of particle removal by laser-induced surface wave was established to predict the removal area and the processing conditions of laser cleaning. In this research, a KrF excimer laser was applied to irradiate 304 stainless steel specimen distributed with copper particles to generate surface wave for copper particle removal. Considering that a time-varying and uniformly distributed heat source irradiates on material surface with thermao-elastic behavior, the displacement and acceleration of substrate induced by a pulsed laser were solved by an uncoupled thermal–mechanical analysis based on the finite element method. The processing parameters such as laser energy, laser spot size are discussed, respectively. A series of laser cleaning experiments were designed to compare with computation results. The results show that the removal area by surface wave beyond the laser spot increases with the laser energy and that, the surface acceleration decreases with the increase of the laser spot size.     

Single-atom laser: Coherent and nonclassical effects in the regime of a strong atom-field correlation

Based on the approximation of strong correlations between an atom and an intracavity field, which implies the equal probabilities of finding the atom in the ground state and n photons in the field and of finding the atom in an excited state and n?1 photons in the field, it is shown that the conditional states of a field generated by a single-atom laser are described by the diagonal part of the generalized coherent Mittag-Leffler state. The quasi-distributions P and Q of the intracavity-field probability amplitude are found, and the boundedness of the Glauber function on a segment is shown. The possibility of inversionless lasing is demonstrated, and the absence of a lasing threshold is found for some region of parameters. The regimes of generation of the amplitude-squeezed states of the field are studied and the parameters of the system providing the maximum squeezing are determined. It is shown that the atom-field states are entangled at weak pump intensities.     

Interferometric studies of 3371 Å N2 laser

Experimental fringe visibility curve of a 3371 Å N₂ laser is presented. A theoretical fit using 19 stronger spectral components is generally in reasonable agreement with experiment but seems to require correlations and fluctuations in the N₂ laser theory.