On Generalized Semigroup Near-Rings

Using Meldrum and van der Walt's scheme we successfully define (generalized) semigroup near-rings which are the extensions of their ring counterpart. Some standard semigroup ring results are extended. We define contracted objects for (generalized) semigroup near-rings and show (generalized) matrix near-rings are just a special case as in rings. This theory encompasses (generalized) matrix, group, and (generalized) polynomial near-rings.     

On an Isomorphism Problem for Endomorphism Near-Rings

Suppose and are endomorphism near-rings generated by
groups of automorphisms containing the inner automorphisms of two respective finite perfect groups and . In this note we show that if and are isomorphic, then and are isomorphic.

     

On Prime and Semiprime Near-Rings with Generalized Derivation

Abstract

Let N be a left near-ring and S be a nonempty subset of N. A mapping F from N to N is called commuting on S if [F(x),x] = 0 for all x € S. The mapping F is called strong commutativity preserving (SCP) on S if [F(x),F(y)] = [x,y] for all x, y € S. In the present paper, firstly we generalize the well known result of Posner which is commuting derivations on prime rings to generalized derivations of semiprime near-rings. Secondly, we investigate SCP-generalized derivations of prime near-rings.     

Prime Ideals in Near-Rings

An ideal I of a near-ring R is a type one prime ideal if whenever a Rb ? I, then a ∈ I or b ∈ I. This paper considers the interconnections between prime ideals and type one prime ideals in near-rings. It also develops properties of type one prime ideals, gives several examples illustrating where prime and type one prime are not equivalent, and investigates the properties of the type one prime radical. Several different types of conditions are given which guarantee that a prime ideal is type one. The class of all near-rings for which each prime ideal is type one is investigated and many examples of such near-rings are exhibited. Various localized distributivity conditions are found which are useful in establishing when prime ideals will be type one prime.     

零积结合约化近环

本文引入零积可分配近环的概念,研究零结合零积可分配约化近环N中的Abian序≤,我们的主要结果是证明了,如果N具有恒等元1,则N的全体幂等元之集A对于Abian序≤成为一个格;在A中定义e∧f=ef,e∨f=e+f—fe,e＇=l—e,(A,∧,∨,’,0,l)作成一个布尔代数;而且虽然(N,·)是非结合的,(A,·)却成为一个半群.     

Near-Rings of Invariants

For a group S acting on a group G we let I(S,G) = {?: G → G ? σ(x) = ? (x), ∈ G, σ ∈ S}, the near-ring of invariants of (S,G). In this paper we investigate the transfer of information between the ideal structure of I(S,G) and the group action (S, G).     

Near-Rings and Partitioned Groups

Over a commutative ring R with identity, free modules M with 2 distinguished submodules are studied. The category Rep₂R of such objects M have the obvious morphisms between them, which are homomorphisms between .R-modules preserving the distinguished submodules. The endo-morphisms for each M constitute a subalgebra End_RM of the algebra End_RM and the readability of λ-generated R-algebras A as End_RM is considered for cardinals λ. Despite the fact that 4 is the minimal number of distinguished submodules for realizing any algebra over a field il, we are able to prove a similar result in Rep₂R for many rings R including R = Z and algebras which are cotorsion-free. Several examples illustrate the boarder line of our main result. The main theorem is applied for constructing Butler groups in [11]     

Affine Near-Rings and Related Structures

Mathematical Notes - Affine near-rings, categories of modules over affine near-rings, and objects associated with them are studied.     

Characterization of 2-Primal Near-Rings

In 1999,Kim and Kwak asked one question that "Is a ring R 2-primal if OP■P for each P ∈ mSpec(R)?".In this paper,we prove that if O P has the IFP for each P ∈ mSpec(N),then OP■P for each P ∈ mSpec(N) if and only if N is a 2-primal near-ring and also we give characterization of 2-primal near-rings by using its minimal 0-prime ideals.     

Additive Groups of Local Near-Rings

The object of this note is to obtain information about the additive groups of local near-rings. It will be shown that the additive group of a torsion local near-ring is a bounded p-group. The torsion Abelian groups which are additive groups of local near-rings will be described completely. A method will be given to construct groups of almost any prime power order, which are not additive groups of local near-rings.     

Some Algebraic Identities in 3-Prime Near-Rings

Ukrainian Mathematical Journal - We extend the domain of applicability of the concept of (1, ??)-derivations in 3-prime near-rings by analyzing the structure and commutativity of the...     

Centers and Generalized Centers of Near-Rings

Let N be a right near-ring. Denote by C(N) the multiplicative center of N, and by N _d the set of left-distributive elements of N. In general, C(N) need not be closed under the addition of N. However, the generalized center of N, GC(N) = {a ? N|an _d  = n _d a for all n _d  ? N _d }, is always a subnear-ring of N containing C(N). In this article, we study the problem of determining when C(N) is a subnear-ring of N. We show that, for certain classes of near-rings, C(N) is a subnear-ring of N if and only if C(N) = GC(N). Examples are given to show the limits of the theory.     

Local Near-Rings and Triply Factorized Groups

Abstract

Groups G of the form G = AB = AM = BM for two subgroups A and B of G and a normal subgroup M of G with A ∩ M = B ∩ M = 1 are called triply factorized and play an important rôle in the theory of factorized groups. In this paper, a method to construct triply factorized groups with non-abelian M using local near-rings is introduced.     

Supplementing Radicals and Decompositions of Near-Rings

If is a radical of near-rings and is its supplementing radical, then (N)(N) N. We address the issue when (N) (N) = N holds. In the variety F of near-rings in which the constants form an ideal, the assignment c: N N_c is a hereditary Kurosh–Amitsur radical, _c is characterized in terms of distributors and criteria are given for the decomposition N = c(N) c(N). In the subvariety A of all abstract affine near-rings, assigning the maximal torsion ideal (N) is a hereditary Kurosh–Amitsur radical. If such near-rings N A satisfy dcc on principal right ideals, then N splits into a direct sum N = (N) (N) where the additive group of (N) is torsionfree and divisible. Dropping dcc on principal right ideals, an ``essential" decomposition result is proved.     

Characterization of $2$-Primal Near-Rings

In 1999,Kim and Kwak asked one question that "Is a ring R 2-primal if OP■P for each P ∈ mSpec(R)?".In this paper,we prove that if O P has the IFP for each P ∈ mSpec(N),then OP■P for each P ∈ mSpec(N) if and only if N is a 2-primal near-ring and also we give characterization of 2-primal near-rings by using its minimal 0-prime ideals.     

Dense Near-Rings of Operators on Locally Convex Spaces

We consider the near-ring C(V) of all continuous operators on a locally convex space V. Like in the Theorem of Stone-Weierstrass the question arises which subnear-rings N have the property that every operator in C(V) can be approximated by elements of N on compact subsets of V. It is our aim to show that this can be achieved with certain primitive subnear-rings of C(V). For this we invoke a deep Theorem of Wielandt-Betsch on interpolation properties of primitive near-rings. We also stress the fact that such a Theorem of Stone-Weierstrass type can only be obtained in the context of near-rings.     

The Variety of Near-Rings is Generated by Its Finite Members

We show that the variety of near-rings and the variety of zero-symmetric near-rings are both generated by their finite members. We show this in a more general context: if a variety V{\cal V} is generated by a class of algebras F{\cal F} , then the variety of V{\cal V} -composition algebras is generated by the class of all full function algebras on direct products of finitely many copies of algebras in F{\cal F} .