Experimental and theoretical evaluation of the efficiency of an off-axis volume holographic lens

The properties of a high-efficiency lens, fabricated in bleached photographic emulsion, are discussed. A symmetric off-axis configuration is adopted, and approximately uniform dielectric-constant modulation is achieved. The lens is tested using a probe beam of small diameter. Experimental results are presented for replay under on- and off-Bragg conditions, both in air and under index-matched conditions. 59±3% efficiency is achieved across the lens aperture. Variations in efficiency are attributed to rotation of fringe planes, and results are compared with local one-dimensional theory.     

Autofocusing of digital holographic microscopy based on off-axis illuminations

An auto-focusing method for digital holographic microscopy has been proposed by employing two off-axis illumination beams. When specimens are illuminated by two plane waves in different directions, it is found that the farther the reconstruction plane is from the image plane, the wider the two reconstructed images are separated from each other. Thus, the image plane can be determinated by finding the minimum of the variation between the two reconstructed object waves on both the amplitude and phase distributions. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated by the corresponding simulation and experiment.     

Tailoring light structures using an off-axis double axicon holographic pattern

We propose a new method for tailoring light structures using a double axicon holographic pattern. The light structure can be tailored using pairs of Bessel modes with different angular momentum indices, and changed into an optical wheel by combining two copropagating Bessel beams. We also demonstrated that the optical wheel obtained from a pair of Bessel beams had rotation feature over the propagation distance by introducing different axial wavenumbers between the two modes.     

Effect of aberrations on off-axis gaussian beams

The effect of aberrations of an optical system on gaussian beams is analyzed. If an incident position of the beams of the optical system does not coincide with the center of its pupil, the beams suffer from aberrations differently in accordance with the various incident positions. The Strehl definition of the beams is studied as a function of the incident position of the beams and the kind of abberations present in the optical system.     

Color holographic zoom system based on a liquid lens

In this Letter, we propose a color holographic zoom system based on a liquid lens. We use the spatial multiplexing method to realize color reconstruction. By controlling the focal lengths of the liquid lens and the encoded digital lens on the spatial light modulator panel, we can change the magnification of the reconstructed image very quickly, without mechanical parts and keeping the output plane stationary.     

Full off-axis red-green-blue digital holographic microscope with LED illumination

We developed a new full off-axis red-green-blue (RGB) digital holographic microscope with an LED illumination. A decisive advantage of the use of LED illumination is a large image quality improvement due to its partially coherent nature. The off-axis configuration enables the fast recording of the holographic data in each spectral channel. The digital holographic refocusing and the optical phase map computation are successfully demonstrated. The multiwavelength operation provides a significant improvement of the collected information for colored samples.     

基于波前像差的个性化人工晶体设计

在个性化人眼光学结构的基础上,运用ZEMAX软件的优化功能,设计了符合实际人眼光学特性的个性化人工晶体。该人工晶体不仅可以矫正离焦和像散,还引入了非球面可以矫正人眼的球差。文中将个性化人工晶体优化后得到的屈光度与经验公式计算得到的屈光度作了比较,在经验公式0.25D精确度的基础上有了提高,并直观地描述了个性化人工晶体植入前后人眼调制度和分辨率的变化情况。对样本人眼矫正后人眼分辨率最大变化由28 L/mm提高到118 L/mm,调制度由0.02提高至0.51。分析结果表明,个性化植入人工晶体的方法可以提高人眼矫正的精确度,不同人眼的波前特性不同,矫正效果也有相应的差异。     

Multiplexer/demultiplexer in optical communications based on a holographic Fresnel lens

A holographic Fresnel lens for coarse wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) application in 1300 nm band is described. Letter paper focuses on minimizing the third-order aberrations for off-axis operation of the lens in order to reduce channel spacing and insertion loss. Improved characteristics have been obtained for the lens fabricated according to the theoretical design.     

A Passband-Flattened EDG Demultiplexer with an Air-Trenched Taper

A novel passband flattening method for a planar waveguide demultiplexer based on an etched diffraction grating is presented. A strongly confined taper is formed by etching air trenches at both sides of the input waveguide. The geometric parameters of the taper are optimized by considering the figure of merit, ripple, and loss. Numerical simulation for a design example is given to illustrate the passband flattening method.     

A Passband-Flattened EDG Demultiplexer with an Air-Trenched Taper

A novel passband flattening method for a planar waveguide demultiplexer based on an etched diffraction grating is presented. A strongly confined taper is formed by etching air trenches at both sides of the input waveguide. The geometric parameters of the taper are optimized by considering the figure of merit, ripple, and loss. Numerical simulation for a design example is given to illustrate the passband flattening method.     

A flat field holographic lens with no first order astigmatism

By a suitable choice of the position of the stop, holographic lenses which are free from first order astigmatism are obtained. Furthermore it is found that these lenses are flat field for all pairs of conjugates for all field angles.     

Comparison of the angular selectivity characteristics for an off-axis holographic storage system calculated by Born approximation and coupled-wave theory

The first Born approximation is applied to calculate the angular selectivity for different positions on the reconstructed image as a function of the object beam's optical axis angle theta(ob) and reference beam angle theta(rw) for a holographic data storage system that records the Fourier transform holograms in a medium with an infinite plane-wave reference beam. Results are compared with those calculated by the coupled-wave theory.     

Design of an all-optical logic sequence generator based on polarization holographic gratings

In this Letter, an all-optical logic sequence generator based on two different polarization holographic gratings has been proposed and demonstrated, which has one input port and four output ports. The polarization state of input light signal determines logic output signals. It can produce four kinds of logic sequence output signals:1000, 0100, 0010, and 0001, corresponding to the input light signal of four different polarization states: the p-linear, s-linear, left-handed circular, and right-handed circular. The two polarization gratings have been fabricated, and the working principle of the logic sequence generator has been proved by diffraction pattern analysis of polarization gratings.     

Wave front reconstruction of Fresnel off-axis holograms with compensation of aberrations by means of phase-shifting digital holography

Off-axis holograms recorded with a CCD camera are numerically reconstructed in amplitude by calculating through the Fresnel–Kirchhoff integral. A phase-shifting Mach–Zehnder interferometer is used for recording four-quadrature phase-shifted off-axis holograms. The basic principle of this technique and its experimental verification are described. We show that the application of this algorithm allows for the suppression of the zero order of diffraction and of the twin image and that the contrast of the reconstructed images can be further enhanced by digital compensation of the aberrations introduced by the holographic recording system     

Digital holographic tomography based on spectral interferometry

A digital holographic tomography system has been developed with the use of an inexpensive broadband light source and a fiber-based spectral interferometer. Multiple synthesized holograms (or object wave fields) of different wavelengths are obtained by transversely scanning a probe beam. The acquisition speed is improved compared with conventional wavelength-scanning digital holographic systems. The optical field of a volume around the object location is calculated by numerical diffraction from each synthesized hologram, and all such field volumes are numerically superposed to create the three-dimensional tomographic image. Experiments were performed to demonstrate the idea.     

Electrically tunable holographic waveguide display based on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating

In this Letter, we present an electrically tunable holographic waveguide display(HWD) based on two slanted holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal(HPDLC) gratings. Experimental results show that a see-through effect is obtained in the HWD that both the display light from HWD and the ambient light can be clearly seen simultaneously. By applying an external electric field, the output intensity of the display light can be modulated,which is attributed to the field-induced rotation of the liquid crystal molecules in the two HPDLC gratings.We also show that this electrically tunable performance enables the HWD to adapt to different ambient light conditions. This study provides some ideas towards the development of HWD and its application in augmented reality.     

Design of an off-axis XR photovoltaic concentrator with SMS method

We present a novel off-axis XR concentrator design that enables a high efficiency energy collection while avoiding the shadowing problem encountered in the designs of symmetry XR type concentrator. Combining with a 1 cm² multi-junction solar cell, the off-axis XR concentrator is able to achieve high optical efficiency of the photovoltaic system. The concentrator design is performed based on the non-imaging optic principle, with one reflective mirror (X) and one refractive lens (R). Both surfaces of the reflective and refractive element are of freeform shapes and fitted as freeform expression in the design analysis. The concentrator has concentration ratio greater than 500× and acceptance angle greater than 2°. A square homogenizing irradiance distribution on the cell is achieved with the help of a suitable rob. The tolerance of the system is analyzed. The results show that the high concentration ratio and greater acceptance angle relax all optical and mechanical tolerances reduce the production and operation cost.