Full-parallax three-dimensional display based on light field reproduction

Optical Review - Light field displays can display three-dimensional (3D) images with smooth motion parallax without the use of special glasses, by reproducing light ray information from objects....     

Aberration improvement of the floating 3D display system based on Tessar array and directional diffuser screen

The floating 3D display system based on Tessar array and directional diffuser screen is proposed. The directional diffuser screen can smoothen the gap of lens array and make the 3D image’s brightness continuous. The optical structure and aberration characteristics of the floating three-dimensional (3D) display system are analyzed. The simulation and experiment are carried out, which show that the 3D image quality becomes more and more deteriorative with the further distance of the image plane and the increasing viewing angle. To suppress the aberrations, the Tessar array is proposed according to the aberration characteristics of the floating 3D display system. A 3840?×?2160 liquid crystal display panel (LCD) with the size of 23.6 inches, a directional diffuser screen and a Tessar array are used to display the final 3D images. The aberrations are reduced and the definition is improved compared with that of the display with a single-lens array. The display depth of more than 20 cm and the viewing angle of more than 45° can be achieved.     

Three-dimensional diffuser and three-dimensional speckles

The well-known model of a diffusely scattering surface as a set of randomly distributed point scatterers is generalized to the case of a volume diffuser. Assuming that the coordinates of the coherent radiation source, the observer, and also the diffuser shape are arbitrary, a formula is obtained for the spatial correlation function of the scattered radiation intensity in a free field. Expressions to determine the transverse and longitudinal dimensions of the speckles are obtained for diffusers in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and a cylinder. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 68, 59–63 (December 1998)     

An improved three-dimensional display system

Ultrasonic scans are taken in the usual way in a number of planes a regular distance apart, say 1 cm. These are transferred through the optics of the device onto a single film or plate in the form of small transparencies. Through the same optics, now working backwards, using stroboscopic illumination, the transparencies are projected onto a set of ground perspex screens mounted along a helix on the circumference of a rotating drum. Each component image is thus formed in the right position relative to the others. Images of different depths can be formed in different colours improving discrimination. Brightness of the images of different depths is variable independently of the others, further improving discrimination. The angle of viewing is extremely wide. None of these advantages can be achieved by holography.     

All-around holographic three-dimensional light field display

Technology for all-around holographic three-dimensional (3D) light field display is proposed in this paper. A plane mirror keeps rotating around the optical axis. At each angular position, the mirror-image's Fourier CGH of the target object is projected onto the mirror. The reflected CGH contributes a specific viewing angle range to the target object. Linking up all viewing angle ranges in the horizontal plane, all-around display can be realized via the “afterimage” effect. An all-around holographic 3D light field display is implemented experimentally here with a 60 Hz SLM by introducing an observer tracking unit in the proposed display system.     

三维立体显示技术研究新进展

在分析传统基于二维平面图像的三维立体显示技术的原理及特点的基础上,重点阐述了数字全息三维显示技术的应用研究现状,介绍了三种典型的数字全息显示技术:基于数字合成全息的三维显示技术、基于空间光调制器的数字全息三维显示技术以及基于集成数字全息技术的三维显示技术,并对三维显示技术研究及其应用中存在的关键技术问题进行了分析和讨论。     

On-axis computer-generated holograms for three-dimensional display

The feasibility of on-axis synthetic near-field amplitude holograms for three-dimensional display applications is demonstrated. An iterative optimization algorithm is used that generates an object-dependent diffuser that utilizes the phase and, to some extent, amplitude freedoms in the reconstruction plane. The discrimination between twin images and undiffracted terms is thus improved. The on-axis approach presents important advantages: a low coherence requirement for the illuminating source, a lower spacebandwidth and higher viewing angle than with the off-axis alternatives. Defocusing and parallax are experimentally attained with an extended white-light source and a lensless setup.     

集成成像三维显示系统显示性能的研究进展

集成成像三维显示技术是利用透镜阵列获取和显示立体图像的一种三维显示技术。本文首先综述了集成成像三维显示系统的特点,考虑其系统性能主要受分辨率、景深和观看视场角的限制,对近年来集成成像三维显示系统在增大分辨率、景深和观看视场角方面的研究进展做了综合论述,比较分析了各种改进方法的优劣。最后,对我国集成成像三维显示技术的研究现状进行了总结,并简述了本研究小组在该领域取得的若干研究成果。     

Distortion correction for the elemental images of integral imaging by introducing the directional diffuser

A distortion correction method for the elemental images of integral imaging(Ⅱ) by utilizing the directional diffuser is demonstrated. In the traditional Ⅱ, the distortion originating from lens aberration wraps elemental images and degrades the image quality severely. According to the theoretical analysis and experiments, it can be proved that the farther the three-dimensional image is displayed from the lens array, the more serious the distortion is. To analyze the process of eliminating lens distortion, one lens and its corresponding elemental image are separated from the traditional Ⅱ. By introducing the directional diffuser, the aperture stop of the separated optical system changes from the eye's pupil to the lens. In terms of contrast experiments, the distortion of the improved display system is corrected effectively. In the experiment, when the distance between the reconstructed image and lens array is equal to 120 mm, the largest lens distortion is decreased from 46.6% to 3.3%.     

动态全息三维显示研究最新进展

全息三维显示是真三维显示技术, 其原理是利用光学干涉记录和衍射再现将物体或场景的三维信息全部重建出来, 所以观看全息三维图像与观看真实物体或场景的效果一样. 近期全息研究领域有一些突破性的成果被报道, 将推动全息显示的应用不断走向成熟. 本文将重点介绍基于光学材料和空间光调制器为全息图承载载体的动态全息三维显示最新发展状况. 虽然动态全息三维显示研究仍然存在挑战, 但最近研究中已经利用光学材料实现了实时动态全息三维视频显示, 这为未来实现大尺寸、高分辨率、彩色全息真三维视频显示提供了可能.     

Holographic three-dimensional display synthesized from three-dimensional fourier spectra of real existing objects

A method of synthesizing computer-generated holograms of real existing objects is proposed that is based on a series of projection images of an incoherently illuminated object recorded from different perspectives. In accordance with the principles of computer tomography, the three-dimensional Fourier spectrum of the object is calculated by use of several projection images. A method of calculating a Fresnel hologram from the three-dimensional Fourier spectrum is proposed. Experimental results in the form of a computer simulation and optical reconstruction are presented.     

真三维显示器中的同步照明光学系统

在基于多投影机旋转屏的真三维显示器中需要有一种高亮度、窄脉冲工作的白光光源。提出了一种同步照明光学系统,它采用高亮度、连续白光UHP灯作为投影光源,场镜与球面反射镜绕屏幕转轴交替排列,两个透镜组与屏幕同步转动,只有在屏幕正对着投影机时,光束才能从对应的场镜出射照明相应的投影机。该照明光学系统仅用一个光源就能满足真三维显示器中所有投影机照明的需要,并从结构上保证了屏幕转动与投影机投影之间严格同步。该系统成功地应用到了基于多投影机旋转屏的真三维显示器中,三维图像清晰明亮,色彩丰富。论述了系统的工作原理和系统结构,并对投影结果进行了分析。     

Real-time full-color three-dimensional display with a micromirror array

We designed, realized, and tested what is believed to be the first real-time, full-color, autostereoscopic three-dimensional (3-D) display with a micromirror array. Compared with the diffractive partial pixel architecture [Opt. Lett. 20, 1418 (1995)], this approach has certain advantages:(1) Micromirrors are reflective and thus achromatic (panchromatic) and (2) a variety of displays can be used as the image source. We used backlit transparencies to test the system and then used an ordinary color CRT to show several computer-generated full-color 3-D animations.     

Progress of three-dimensional light-field display [Invited]

In this review, the principle and the optical methods for light-field display are introduced. The light-field display is divided into three categories, including the layer-based method, projector-based method, and integral imaging method. The principle, characteristic, history, and advanced research results of each method are also reviewed.The advantages of light-field display are discussed by comparing it with other display technologies including binocular stereoscopic display, volumetric three-dimensional display, and holographic display.     

A PMMA optical diffuser fabricated using an electrospray method

To coat microsized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles of uniform size and density on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films, we introduce an electrospraying technique that uses a target electrode applied with an ac electric field. Using the apparatus and various material properties, we could achieve good collection and a uniform size distribution of hemispherical droplets on the PET film. The optical properties, transmittance, and light diffusivity of the films electrosprayed with the PMMA were characterized and the sprayed particles appear to act as a good optical diffuser, like microlenses. PACS 47.65.-d; 42.70.Jk; 81.15.-z     

A new lidar signal processor using digital techniques to provide real-time display

An accurate high speed digital data acquisition system which records lidar data on magnetic tape is discussed. It features real-time processing of the data by means of a low cost dedicated processor. The system features dual-channel recording capability, and has two built-in gain-switching amplifiers, allowing the system to accurately record the entire return signal having a dynamic range in excess of 80 dB. Dual differential inputs are used to provide excellent noise immunity. Spatial separations as small as 10 m can be recorded and up to 10 000 returns can be averaged in the 24 bit × 2048 word output buffer memory. This stored data is available to the processor to provide a range corrected signal and a signal normalized for the change in atmospheric density as a function of height. Dual channel operation allows use with dual-wavelength and dual polarization lidars, and the system is sufficiently flexible to be used to record coherent Doppler radar returns.     

Renormalization group study of a three-dimensional lattice model with directional bonding

We consider a bcc lattice model in which each site is either vacant or occupied by a molecule. The molecules have four symmetrically arranged arms directed towards four of the eight nearest-neighbor sites. Two molecules form a bond if they have bonding arms pointing towards each other and along their line of centers. We introduce bonding energies as well as two-, three-, and four-molecule interactions. The model is studied using a real-space renormalization group method. The form of the pressure-temperature phase diagram is found to be very sensitive to small changes in the relative sizes of the energy parameters. Adjustment of these parameters allows us to obtain a phase diagram which resembles that of the ice-water-steam system. The nature of the transitions between the various ordered phases is examined and the critical exponents are obtained.     

A novel coding method for high vividness three-dimensional holographic display

The quality of the reconstructed holographic three-dimensional image is seriously influenced by the noise. A novel encoded algorithm combining the Burch code with the four-step phase shifting method is presented to remove the noise and improve the contrast and resolution of the reconstructed image. The reconstructed three-dimensional images are compared with the results of the median filtering. The performance parameters of two methods are analyzed. The experimental results show that the zero-order light spot, conjugate image and speckle noise are suppressed effectively. The quality of the reconstructed image is noticeably improved.     

Some new display techniques-a critical survey

Display systems are discussed in general terms to determine a set of criteria against which all display technologies can be assessed. A selection of the more recent display techniques will then be discussed in detail. Finally some general conclusions will be formulated about the future of these and other better known display technologies.     

Crosstalk reduction in multi-view autostereoscopic three-dimensional display based on lenticular sheet

A method to reduce crosstalk in multi-view autostereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) displays based on the lenticular sheet is proposed. Correcting the luminance values of each parallax image displayed on the display screen is employed. We analyze the causes of crosstalk. We deduce the formulas of crosstalk reduction according to the relationship between crosstalk coefficients of each parallax image observed through the lenticular sheet, luminance values of each parallax image displayed on the display screen,...