Boundary-contact problems for domains with edge singularities

We study boundary-contact problems for elliptic equations (and systems) with interfaces that have edge singularities. Such problems represent continuous operators between weighted edge spaces and subspaces with asymptotics. Ellipticity is formulated in terms of a principal symbolic hierarchy, containing interior, transmission, and edge symbols. We construct parametrices, show regularity with asymptotics of solutions in weighted edge spaces and illustrate the results by boundary-contact problems for the Laplacian with jumping coefficients.     

Edge quantisation of elliptic operators

The ellipticity of operators on a manifold with edge is defined as the bijectivity of the components of a principal symbolic hierarchy , where the second component takes values in operators on the infinite model cone of the local wedges. In the general understanding of edge problems there are two basic aspects: Quantisation of edge-degenerate operators in weighted Sobolev spaces, and verifying the ellipticity of the principal edge symbol which includes the (in general not explicitly known) number of additional conditions of trace and potential type on the edge. We focus here on these questions and give explicit answers for a wide class of elliptic operators that are connected with the ellipticity of edge boundary value problems and reductions to the boundary. In particular, we study the edge quantisation and ellipticity for Dirichlet–Neumann operators with respect to interfaces of some codimension on a boundary. We show analogues of the Agranovich–Dynin formula for edge boundary value problems. Nicoleta Dines and Bert-Wolfgang Schulze were supported by Chinese-German Cooperation Program “Partial Differential Equations”, NNSF of China and DFG of Germany. Xiaochun Liu was supported by NNSF of China through Grant No. 10501034, and Chinese-German Cooperation Program “Partial Differential Equations”, NNSF of China and DFG of Germany.     

Ellipticity on Manifolds With Edges and Boundary

Ellipticity of a manifold with edges and boundary is connected to boundary and edge conditions that complete corresponding operators to Fredholm operators between weighted Sobolev spaces. We study a new parameter-dependent calculus of elliptic operators, where the interior symbols have specific properties on the boundary. We construct elliptic operators with a prescribed number of edge conditions and obtain isomorphisms in the scale of edge Sobolev spaces. Supported by the Chinese-German Cooperation Program ‘Partial Differential Equations’, NSFC of China and DFG of Germany.     

An algebra of meromorphic corner symbols

Operators on manifolds with corners that have base configurations with geometric singularities can be analysed in the frame of a conormal symbolic structure which is in spirit similar to the one for conical singularities of Kondrat'ev's work. Solvability of elliptic equations and asymptotics of solutions are determined by meromorphic conormal symbols. We study the case when the base has edge singularities which is a natural assumption in a number of applications. There are new phenomena, caused by a specific kind of higher degeneracy of the underlying symbols. We introduce an algebra of meromorphic edge operators that depend on complex parameters and investigate meromorphic inverses in the parameter-dependent elliptic case. Among the examples are resolvents of elliptic differential operators on manifolds with edges.     

The multiplicity of solutions in non-homogeneous boundary value problems

We use a method recently devised by Bolle to establish the existence of an infinite number of solutions for various non-homogeneous boundary value problems. In particular, we consider second order systems, Hamiltonian systems as well as semi-linear partial differential equations. The non-homogeneity can originate in the equation but also from the boundary conditions. The results are more satisfactory than those obtained by the standard “Perturbation from Symmetry” method that was developed – in various forms – in the early eighties by Bahri–Berestycki, Struwe and Rabinowitz. Received: 13 August 1998 / Revised version: 6 July 1999     

Edge quantisation of elliptic operators

The ellipticity of operators on a manifold with edge is defined as the bijectivity of the components of a principal symbolic hierarchy s = (s_y,s_ù){\sigma=(\sigma_\psi,\sigma_\wedge)} , where the second component takes values in operators on the infinite model cone of the local wedges. In the general understanding of edge problems there are two basic aspects: Quantisation of edge-degenerate operators in weighted Sobolev spaces, and verifying the ellipticity of the principal edge symbol s_ù{\sigma_\wedge} which includes the (in general not explicitly known) number of additional conditions of trace and potential type on the edge. We focus here on these questions and give explicit answers for a wide class of elliptic operators that are connected with the ellipticity of edge boundary value problems and reductions to the boundary. In particular, we study the edge quantisation and ellipticity for Dirichlet–Neumann operators with respect to interfaces of some codimension on a boundary. We show analogues of the Agranovich–Dynin formula for edge boundary value problems.     

Weighted norm inequalities,off-diagonal estimates and elliptic operators Part II: Off-diagonal estimates on spaces of homogeneous type

This is the second part of a series of four articles on weighted norm inequalities, off-diagonal estimates and elliptic operators. We consider a substitute to the notion of pointwise bounds for kernels of operators which usually is a measure of decay. This substitute is that of off-diagonal estimates expressed in terms of local and scale invariant L^p − L^q estimates. We propose a definition in spaces of homogeneous type that is stable under composition. It is particularly well suited to semigroups. We study the case of semigroups generated by elliptic operators. This work was partially supported by the European Union (IHP Network “Harmonic Analysis and Related Problems” 2002-2006, Contract HPRN-CT-2001-00273-HARP). The second author was also supported by MEC “Programa Ramón y Cajal, 2005” and by MEC Grant MTM2004-00678.     

Comparison of two kinds of Hankel type operators

We compare two kinds of Hankel type operators, the “BJP-operators” introduced by Boman—Janson—Peetre and the “Z-operators” considered by Zhang. We show that every BJP-operator comes as an orthogonal sum ofZ-operators.     

The Relative Index for Corner Singularities

We study pseudo-differential operators on a cylinder where B has conical singularities. Configurations of that kind are the local model of corner singularities with cross section B. Operators in our calculus are assumed to have symbols a which are meromorphic in the complex covariable with values in the algebra of all cone operators on B. We show an explicit formula for solutions of the homogeneous equation if a is independent of the axial variable Each non-bijectivity point of the symbol in the complex plane corresponds to a finite-dimensional space of solutions. Moreover, we give a relative index formula.     

Sparse second moment analysis for elliptic problems in stochastic domains

We consider the numerical solution of elliptic boundary value problems in domains with random boundary perturbations. Assuming normal perturbations with small amplitude and known mean field and two-point correlation function, we derive, using a second order shape calculus, deterministic equations for the mean field and the two-point correlation function of the random solution for a model Dirichlet problem which are 3rd order accurate in the boundary perturbation size. Using a variational boundary integral equation formulation on the unperturbed, “nominal” boundary and a wavelet discretization, we present and analyze an algorithm to approximate the random solution’s mean and its two-point correlation function at essentially optimal order in essentially work and memory, where N denotes the number of unknowns required for consistent discretization of the boundary of the nominal domain. This work was supported by the EEC Human Potential Programme under contract HPRN-CT-2002-00286, “Breaking Complexity.” Work initiated while HH visited the Seminar for Applied Mathematics at ETH Zürich in the Wintersemester 2005/06 and completed during the summer programme CEMRACS2006 “Modélisation de l’aléatoire et propagation d’incertitudes” in July and August 2006 at the C.I.R.M., Marseille, France.     

Measurable Riemannian geometry on the Sierpinski gasket: the Kusuoka measure and the Gaussian heat kernel estimate

We study the standard Dirichlet form and its energy measure,called the Kusuoka measure, on the Sierpinski gasket as aprototype of “measurable Riemannian geometry”. The shortest pathmetric on the harmonic Sierpinski gasket is shown to be thegeodesic distance associated with the “measurable Riemannianstructure”. The Kusuoka measure is shown to have the volumedoubling property with respect to the Euclidean distance and alsoto the geodesic distance. Li–Yau type Gaussian off-diagonal heatkernel estimate is established for the heat kernel associated withthe Kusuoka measure.     

Morse Index and Critical Groups for p-Laplace Equations with Critical Exponents

In this work we consider a class of Euler functionals defined in Banach spaces, associated to quasilinear elliptic problems involving the critical Sobolev exponent. We perform critical groups estimates via the Morse index. Dedicated to the memory of Professor Aldo Cossu The research of the authors was supported by the MIUR project “Variational and topological methods in the study of nonlinear phenomena” (PRIN 2005).     

Anti-selfdual Lagrangians II: unbounded non self-adjoint operators and evolution equations

New variational principles based on the concept of anti-selfdual (ASD) Lagrangians were recently introduced in “AIHP-Analyse non linéaire, 2006”. We continue here the program of using such Lagrangians to provide variational formulations and resolutions to various basic equations and evolutions which do not normally fit in the Euler-Lagrange framework. In particular, we consider stationary boundary value problems of the form as well ass dissipative initial value evolutions of the form where is a convex potential on an infinite dimensional space, A is a linear operator and is any scalar. The framework developed in the above mentioned paper reformulates these problems as and respectively, where is an “ASD” vector field derived from a suitable Lagrangian L. In this paper, we extend the domain of application of this approach by establishing existence and regularity results under much less restrictive boundedness conditions on the anti-selfdual Lagrangian L so as to cover equations involving unbounded operators. Our main applications deal with various nonlinear boundary value problems and parabolic initial value equations governed by transport operators with or without a diffusion term. Nassif Ghoussoub research was partially supported by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. The author gratefully acknowledges the hospitality and support of the Centre de Recherches Mathématiques in Montréal where this work was initiated. Leo Tzou’s research was partially supported by a doctoral postgraduate scholarship from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada.     

Existence of multipeak solutions for a semilinear Neumann problem via nonsmooth critical point theory

We study a perturbed semilinear problem with Neumann boundary condition where is a bounded smooth domain of , , , if or if and is the unit outward normal at the boundary of . We show that for any fixed positive integer K any “suitable” critical point of the function generates a family of multiple interior spike solutions, whose local maximum points tend to as tends to zero. Received March 7, 1999 / Accepted October 1, 1999 / Published online April 6, 2000     

Single-point condensation phenomena for a four-dimensional biharmonic Ren–Wei problem

We continue to study the asymptotic behavior of least energy solutions to the following fourth order elliptic problem (E _p ): as p gets large, where Ω is a smooth bounded domain in R ⁴ . In our earlier paper (Takahashi in Osaka J. Math., 2006), we have shown that the least energy solutions remain bounded uniformly in p and they have one or two “peaks” away form the boundary. In this note, following the arguments in Adimurthi and Grossi (Proc. AMS 132(4):1013–1019, 2003) and Lin and Wei (Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 56:784–809, 2003), we will obtain more sharper estimates of the upper bound of the least energy solutions and prove that the least energy solutions must develop single-point spiky pattern, under the assumption that the domain is convex.     

On the interaction of δ-shocks and contact vacuum states

We study the pressureless gas equations, with piecewise constant initial data. In the immediate solution, δ-shocks and contact vacuum states arise and even meet (interact) eventually. A solution beyond the “interaction” is constructed. It shows that the δ-shock will continue with the velocity it attained instantaneously before the time of interaction, and similarly, the contact vacuum state will move past the δ-shock with a velocity value prior to the interaction. We call this the “no-effect-from-interaction” solution. We prove that this solution satisfies a family of convex entropies (in the Lax’s sense). Next, we construct an infinitely large family of weak solutions to the “interaction”. Suppose further that any of these solutions satisfy a convex entropy, it is necessary and suffcient that these solutions reduce to only the “no-effect-from-interaction” solution. In [1], Bouchut constructed another entropy satisfying solution. As with other previous papers, it is obvious that it will not be sufficient that a “correct” solution satisfies a convex entropy, in a non-strictly hyperbolic conservation laws system. Research done in the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, submission from Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore.     

Pseudodifferential Operators with Rough Negative Definite Symbols

We consider state-space dependent continuous negative definite functions and use their associated pseudodifferential operators to construct Feller semigroups. Our method works with “rough” symbols ${p(x,\xi),\,{\rm i.e.}\,\xi \mapsto p(x,\xi)}We consider state-space dependent continuous negative definite functions and use their associated pseudodifferential operators to construct Feller semigroups. Our method works with “rough” symbols p(x,x), i.e. x? p(x,x){p(x,\xi),\,{\rm i.e.}\,\xi \mapsto p(x,\xi)} only needs to be continuous. The main part of this work concerns the development of an asymptotic expansion formula for the composition of two pseudodifferential operators with rough negative definite symbols. This presents an improvement over other symbolic calculi that typically require the symbols to be smooth. As an application we show how to adapt existing techniques to construct and approximate Feller semigroups to the case of rough symbols.     

On elliptic operator pencils with general boundary conditions

In this paper parameter-dependent partial differential operators are investigated which satisfy the condition of N-ellipticity with parameter, an ellipticity condition formulated with the use of the Newton polygon. For boundary value problems with general boundary operators we define N-ellipticity including an analogue of the Shapiro-Lopatinskii condition. It is show that the boundary value problem is N-elliptic if and only if an a priori estimate with respect to certain parameter-dependent norms holds. These results are closely connected with singular perturbation theory and lead to uniform estimates, for problems of Vishik-Lyusternik type containing a small parameter.Supported in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and by Russian Foundation of Fundamental Research, Grant 00-01-00387.     

On a biharmonic equation involving nearly critical exponent

This paper is concerned with a biharmonic equation under the Navier boundary condition , u > 0 in Ω and u = Δu = 0 on ∂Ω, where Ω is a smooth bounded domain in , n ≥ 5, and ε > 0. We study the asymptotic behavior of solutions of (P _−ε) which are minimizing for the Sobolev quotient as ε goes to zero. We show that such solutions concentrate around a point x ₀ ∈Ω as ε → 0, moreover x ₀ is a critical point of the Robin’s function. Conversely, we show that for any nondegenerate critical point x ₀ of the Robin’s function, there exist solutions of (P _−ε) concentrating around x ₀ as ε → 0. Finally we prove that, in contrast with what happened in the subcritical equation (P _−ε), the supercritical problem (P _+ε) has no solutions which concentrate around a point of Ω as ε → 0. Work finished when the authors were visiting Mathematics Department of the University of Roma “La Sapienza”. They would like to thank the Mathematics Department for its warm hospitality. The authors also thank Professors Massimo Grossi and Filomena Pacella for their constant support.     

Pseudodifferential operators of infinite order and Gevrey classes

Summary A class of pseufodifferential operators of infinite order acting on spaces of Gevrey functions and their duals is defined. For the corresponding symbols the rules of the classical symbolic calculus are proved. In particular for operators satisfying an “hipoellipticity condition” a result of propagation of Gevrey regularity, is obtained by proving the existence of a parametrix.

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Riassunto Viene definita una classe di operatori pseudodifferenziali di ordine infinito che agiscono su spazi di funzioni Gevrey e sui loro duali. Per i corrispondenti simboli si provano le regole del calcolo simbolico classico. In particolare per gli operatori che soddisfano una “condizione di ipoellitticità” si ottiene un risultato di propapagazione di regolarità Gevrey, provando l'esistenza di una parametrice.

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Work supported by Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione and G.N.A.F.A. C.N.R., of Italy.